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programmable Metamaterial for In-Plane Electromagnetic Wave Control in the Microwave Range

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2025年第6期19卷

作者： Hu, Xiaojun Peng, Liang Zhuo, Ruofan Zhang, Shuang Ye, Dexin Zhejiang Univ Lab Appl Res Electromagnet Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Hangzhou City Univ Sch Informat & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310015 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Phys Dept Elect & Elect Engn New Cornerstone Sci Lab Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Quantum Sci Ctr Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay Area Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

Tunable and programable devices hold a significant interest in electromagnetic (EM) engineering. A notable example is the programmable metasurfaces, which are quite powerful in controlling the phase front and steering beam of free-space waves. Similarly, managing in-plane EM waves on board is crucial for various applications. However, a programmable metamaterial (PMM) suitable for in-plane EM wave control is yet to be developed. Here, a PMM is presented that dynamically controls in-plane waves and is integrated on-boardly. The PMM is designed by incorporating metallic structures and tunable varactors. By biasing the varactors, a bulk module composed of an array of metamaterial unit cells can exhibit varied responses to incoming waves. As proof of concept, a PMM module for microwave control is fabricated and measured. In experiments, the PMM is successfully programmed to perform three distinct functions: wave splitting, Luneburg focusing, and wave differentiation, around the destination frequency (4.5 GHz). Although the PMM is dispersive and its bandwidth is somehow limited, its central frequency can be shifted in a dynamic range from 4 to 5 GHz. The proposed PMM resembles a miniaturized platform for reprogrammable in-plane wave control and manipulation, showing promise for realizing full wave operators, integrable computing, and deep learning devices.

关键词： in-plane control metamaterial programmable reconfigurable wave manipulation

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programmable light-driven soft actuator enabled by structurally anisotropic liquid crystalline network

AGGREGATE

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AGGREGATE 2025年第1期6卷

作者： Deng, Zhaoping Chen, Xinyu Deng, Xinrui Yang, Jiangmin Zhou, Shuai Chen, Jingyu Wang, Peixiang Yang, Huai Lan, Ruochen Jiangxi Normal Univ Coll Chem & Mat Nanchang 330022 Peoples R China Yantai Xianhua Technol Grp Co Ltd Yantai Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Mat Genome Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

The design and fabrication of advanced soft actuators with programmable actuation are highly desirable in constructing intelligent soft robots. In this work, a programmable light-driven liquid crystalline network (LCN)-based soft actuator was judiciously designed and prepared by constructing structural anisotropy across the thickness of the film. A three-dimensional (3D) deformable LCN actuator was realized by polymerization-induced phase separation of small-molar-weight monomers and polymer networks. The resultant anisotropic LCN displays anisotropic microscale nanoporous architecture across the thickness in addition to uniform alignment at the molecular scale. The actuation behaviors of LCN film are tunable by adjusting the size and distribution of nanopores in LCN bulk via changing polymerization conditions and monomer components. More importantly, the nanoporous LCN film can be harnessed as a promising template to achieve diverse light responsiveness by changing the photothermal dyes via a feasible washing and refilling process, demonstrating a reprogrammable light-driven soft actuator. A programmable soft actuator with a light-driven liquid crystalline network (LCN) is developed. It features structural anisotropy and tunable actuation via nanopore adjustments. The LCN can be reprogrammed for diverse light responses by changing photothermal dyes, offering a versatile template for soft robotics. image

关键词： liquid crystal networks programmable soft actuator structural anisotropy

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Thermally Responsive Hydroxypropyl Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Hydrogel with programmable and Reversible Adhesion

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ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2025年第2期7卷 990-997页

作者： Wang, Yumin Xu, Lide Miao, Xiao Li, Na Yu, Qiran Lu, Jingwei Ren, Guina Zhu, Xiaotao Yantai Univ Sch Environm & Mat Engn Yantai 264405 Peoples R China Liaocheng Univ Sch Phys Sci & Informat Technol Shandong Key Lab Opt Commun Sci & Technol Liaocheng 252000 Peoples R China Yantai Univ Trier Coll Sustainable Technol Yantai 264405 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Chem & Biol Engn Beijing Key Lab Bioengn & Sensing Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The development of adhesives with switchable and programmable adhesion in both air and water environments is highly desirable but still difficult to realize. Here, we have developed a smart hydrogel with programmable and reversible adhesion behavior under thermal stimuli by introducing a thermally responsive hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymer unit into the hydrogel network. By alternately lowering and raising the temperature of the hydrogel, the transition from a sticky to a nonsticky state was achieved in both air and water environments, with a wide switching range between high and low adhesion, fast switching speed, and durable switching efficiency. Accurate and fine control of dry and wet adhesion strength can also be achieved by changing the temperature of the hydrogel. In addition to adhesion performance, the surface wettability, mechanical properties, and optical transmission of the hydrogel also adapt to temperature stimuli and can be programmed and switched in response to temperature change. By exploiting its programmable and switchable adhesion capacity, the hydrogel is demonstrated as a smart gripper for the controllable capture and release of objects in air and underwater environments. This study opens a path for the design of programmable adhesives, responsive materials, and smart devices.

关键词： wet adhesion thermoresponsive programmable switchable adhesion hydroxypropyl cellulose smart hydrogels

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Nonelectric syringe pump capable of programmable sequential reagent injection for automated microfluidic device operation

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2025年 433卷

作者： Kim, Minseon Shin, Joong Ho Pukyong Natl Univ Ind Convergence Bion Engn 4 0 Busan South Korea Pukyong Natl Univ Coll Informat Technol & Convergence Div Smart Healthcare Major Biomed Engn Busan 48513 South Korea

Microfluidic technology has driven significant progress in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing (POCT), with ongoing research investigating its diverse applications. However, a key limitation of microfluidic systems lies in the need for devices and methods to propel the liquids. In this study, we developed a programmable, nonelectric syringe pump capable of delivering multiple reagents to microfluidic devices in a sequential manner. A modular sector gear was designed to selectively cover portions of the gear with teeth, enabling precise and versatile control over the pumping timing. Considering the capabilities and characteristics of the pump, it is named Sequence Modifiable, Automated, and Runtime-Tunable pump, or SMART pump. The pump was utilized to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, a deadly foodborne pathogen, through a microfluidic-based vertical immunoassay (VFA). In experiments involving the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 100 CFU/mL, demonstrating a low detection threshold. This nonelectric, multistep immunoassay automation pump, featuring both portability and automation, is anticipated to be highly suitable for POCT applications. Additionally, its capacity to automate complex assay and detection without relying on an external power source suggests its potential utility in resource-limited environments, thereby improving the accessibility of innovative microfluidics-based assays.

关键词： Nonelectric pump programmable Sequential delivery Microfluidics Multistep immunoassay Sector gear

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A Miniature programmable Multichannel Sensory Feedback Device with Electrotactile and Vibrotactile Modalities for Amputees 1

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17th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications

作者： Meng, Xianwei Meng, Jianjun Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9789819607921

ISBN: (纸本)9789819607914;9789819607921

Amputee patients lack sensory feedback when using a prosthetic hand, while commercially available sensory feedback devices are usually too large, and some miniaturized sensory feedback devices are limited by their performance and their ability to provide rich feedback. Therefore, in this paper, a miniaturized multichannel sensory feedback device that can provide both electrotactile and vibrotactile feedback has been developed. Electrotactile feedback is provided by 16 switchable current outputs, whose frequency, pulse width, amplitude, and number of pulses are programmable. It can provide an output current within +/- 5mA with a compliance voltage of 50 V and ensure that the output current error is within 0.1% of the output range. Besides, an output response time of less than 10microseconds ensures a high temporal resolution of the output current. For vibrotactile feedback, it can drive 5 LRA vibration motors and adjust the output amplitude. Output waveforms for both vibrotactile and electrotactile feedback can be flexibly customized. It also offers practical features such as CAN communication and skin impedance detection. This paper also conducts psychophysical experiments on seven healthy subjects and two amputees, and the results show that when identifying the nine state quantities, the subjects' identification accuracies (79% +/- 16%) are significantly higher when using the hybrid sensory feedback. This demonstrates that the hybrid sensory feedback device developed in this paper can effectively provide amputees with rich and effective sensory feedback.

关键词： Electrotactile and vibrotactile feedback programmable Hybrid sensory feedback device Multichannel

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programmable helix-tubular composites with bio-inspired architecture

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MATERIALS & DESIGN 2025年 252卷

作者： Yang, Tong Dong, Zhijia Chen, Chaoyu Song, Jun Ma, Pibo Jiangnan Univ Coll Text Sci & Engn Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Life Sci Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

The programmable materials have attracted attention for its groundbreaking functionalities across diverse applications, especially the curl-fiber reinforced composites inspired from collagen fibers. In this work, a novel helix-tubular composite (HTC) is developed through an integrated braiding-knitting fabrication approach. Experimental analyses demonstrate that the mechanical properties of HTC can be directionally optimized through parameterization of secondary conformational architecture and coupling states. Remarkably, HTC manifests triphasic nonlinear mechanical behavior analogous to native ligamentous tissues. This biomimetic response originates from synergistic interactions between the stiff helix conformation (the stiff conformation) and highly stretchable tubular conformation (the stretchable conformation). Furthermore, cyclic tensile evaluations reveal exceptional fatigue resistance exceeding thousands of cycles. This durability substantiates the composite's potential for replicating the multifunctional mechanical behavior of biological tendons and ligaments. These findings establish a methodological framework for engineering advanced materials with spatially programmable mechanical properties through conformational coupling.

关键词： programmable Helix-tubular composites Conformation Mechanical behavior

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programmable Analog-to-Digital Converter Array Supporting Architecture Restructuring and Mode Concurrency

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhishuai Zhan, Mingtao Gao, Zijie Huang, Siyu Gu, Mingyang Tao, Yunsong He, Xiyu Yuan, Chitian Zhong, Yi Sun, Nan Jie, Lu Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Sch Integrated Circuits Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Weixian Coll Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

This work presents a new analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture named programmable converter array (PCA) for multi-standard signal acquisition. Unlike prior reconfigurable ADCs that are mainly configured at the circuit level, PCA is highly flexible at the architecture level and can process multiple input signals simultaneously for mode concurrency. The elemental units in the converter array are Conversion Blocks (CBs) based on successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs. Multiple CBs can interleave or run synergically through a bus system to form sophisticated architectures. Fabricated in 28nm CMOS, the prototype converter array can be configured as over 16 modes, with an SNDR range from 30dB to 82dB and an aggregate bandwidth from sub-MHz to 1000MHz. The prototype achieves a peak Schreier figure of merit (FoMs) of 176dB while maintaining FoMs over 165dB in most configurations, and occupies only 0.1mm(2) of silicon area.

关键词： Principal component analysis Concurrent computing Clocks Circuits Prototypes Silicon Integrated circuit interconnections Costs Analog-digital conversion Hardware Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) reconfigurable programmable array architecture-level concurrency

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2D programmable Photodetectors Based on WSe2/h-BN/Graphene Heterojunctions

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2025年第0期 e2417300页

作者： Wang, Zhihao Jian, Jialing Weng, Zhengjin Wu, Qianqian Li, Jian Zhou, Xingyu Kong, Wei Xu, Xiang Lin, Liangliang Gu, Xiaofeng Xiao, Peng Nan, Haiyan Xiao, Shaoqing Jiangnan Univ Engn Res Ctr IoT Technol Applicat Sch Integrated Circuits Minist Educ Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China Westlake Univ Sch Engn Hangzhou 310030 Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Sch Chem & Mat Engn Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China CNRS Lab Ondes & Matiere Aquitaine LOMA UMR 5798 F-33400 Talence France

programmable photovoltaic photodetectors based on 2D materials can modulate optical and electronic signals in parallel, making them particularly well-suited for optoelectronic hybrid dual-channel communication. This work presents a programmable non-volatile bipolar semi-floating gate photovoltaic photodetector (SFG-PD) constructed using tungsten diselenide (WSe2), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and graphene (Gra). By controlling the voltage pulses applied to the control gate, the device generates opposing built-in electric field junctions (p(+)-p and n-p junctions), enabling reversible switching between positive and negative light responses with a rapid response time of up to 2.02 mu s. Moreover, the application of this device is demonstrated in dual-channel optoelectronic hybrid communication, offering a practical solution for achieving high-speed, large-capacity, low-loss, and secure multi-channel communication.

关键词： 2D photodetector fast response non-volatile programmable semi-floating gate

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Frequency-Multiplexed programmable Guided-Wave-Driven Metasurface for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication

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ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2025年第10期13卷

作者： Han, Jian-Qiao Meng, Fan-Yi Guan, Chunsheng Jin, Tao Ding, Chang Cai, Tong Wu, Qun Ding, Xumin Harbin Inst Technol Dept Microwave Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Air Force Engn Univ Air & Missile Def Coll Xian 710051 Peoples R China Air Force Engn Univ Xian 710051 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Adv Microscopy & Instrumentat Res Ctr Harbin 150080 Peoples R China

The advancement of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication technology has necessitated the emergence of antenna systems with exceedingly stringent technical requirements, including beam scanning, dual-band orthogonal polarization, low-profile, low-cost, and lightweight. programmable guided-wave-driven metasurfaces demonstrate dynamic and advanced control of electromagnetic (EM) waves without external spatial feeding, complex power divider and accompanying phase shifter networks, making it a good candidate for LEO satellite communication. Herein, a frequency-multiplexed guided-wave-driven metasurface for independent and dynamic control of dual-band EM waves is proposed to achieve uplink and downlink in LEO satellite communication. Through vias are utilized to connect the meta-atoms and the bottom layer of the substrate integrated waveguide, realizing a guided-wave-driven metasurface in which a complicated feeding network of radiation-type metasurface can be avoided. By modulating the states of the four p-i-n diodes integrated within each meta-atom, dynamic and independent 1-bit phase switching across two distinct, tailored frequency bands is achieved. To validate this concept, the designed metasurface is fabricated and characterized, which exhibits excellent beam-scanning performance at the two operating bands: 10.4 GHz for downlink and 12.5 GHz for uplink. The proposed low-profile, dual-band, and programmable metasurface shows great application potential in further satellitecommunication.

关键词： beam scanning frequency-multiplexed guided-wave-driven metasurface programmable

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Amphibious Soft Robots Based on programmable Actuators Fabricated by Brushing Chinese Ink on Paper

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SMALL 2025年第7期21卷 e2409307页

作者： Li, Haoyao Wang, Yubo Luo, Zhiling Lin, Jian Qian, Yongqiang Zhang, Wei Chen, Luzhuo Fujian Normal Univ Coll Phys & Energy Fujian Prov Key Lab Quantum Manipulat & New Energy Fuzhou 350117 Peoples R China Fujian Prov Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv High Field Fuzhou 350117 Peoples R China Putian Univ Fujian Laser Precis Machining Engn Technol Res Ctr Sch Mech & Elect Informat Engn Putian 351100 Peoples R China

Soft robots based on actuators that can work in both on-ground and on-water situations are environmentally adaptable and can accomplish tasks in complex environments. However, most current amphibious actuators need external stimuli to move on water and require complex preparation processes. Herein, amphibious Ink-paper/polyethylene programmable actuators and robots are proposed, which are fabricated by rapidly brushing Chinese ink on paper. The actuator can bend on the ground and move autonomously on the water. On one hand, the actuator shows a maximum bending curvature of 2.66 cm-1 under near-infrared light, and the actuation performance can be programmed by ink concentration. Moreover, actuators with pen-brushed information can be shape-programmed for dynamic information display. On the other hand, the actuator can autonomously move on the water by using Chinese ink as Marangoni fuel. The maximum moving velocity is 4.73 cm s-1. When the ink is saturated in the water, the actuator can further be driven by an infrared laser. Finally, three soft robots with diverse programmable amphibious motions are designed. Both the crawling/bending motion on the ground and autonomous linear/rotary movement on the water can be programmed by altering actuator structures. This research will provide new inspirations for next-generation amphibious actuators and soft robots.

关键词： actuator amphibious Chinese ink Marangoni programmable

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