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Synthesis of a suboptimal controller by output for dampening limited disturbances

AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL 2011年第4期72卷 677-683页

作者： Balandin, D. V. Kogan, M. M. Lobachevskii State Univ Nizhnii Novgorod Russia Nizhni Novgorod Univ Architecture & Civil Engn Nizhnii Novgorod Russia

In the framework of the method of invariant ellipsoids, for a linear dynamic object a suboptimal linear dynamic controller by output is synthesized, at which the upper estimate of a maximum value of the norm of the controllable output reaches a minimum at all initial states of a system from a certain domain and at any disturbances bounded by the norm.

关键词： DAMPING (Mechanics) OSCILLATIONS VIBRATION (Mechanics) AUTOMATION PROCESS control programmable controllers

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A novel structure for the optimal control of bilateral teleoperation systems with variable time delay

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JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2011年第7期348卷 1537-1555页

作者： Ganjefar, Soheil Najibi, Somayeh Momeni, HamidReza Bu Ali Sina Univ Dept Elect Engn Hamadan Iran Trabiat Modares Univ Fac Elect Engn Tehran Iran

The purpose of designing a controller for a teleoperation system is achieving stability and optimal operation in the presence of factors such as time delay, system disturbance and modeling errors. In this article three new schemes for teleoperation systems are suggested using an optimal control to reduce the error of tracking between the master and slave systems. In the first scheme optimal controller has been designed in both the master and slave subsystems and by a suitable combination of the output signals of both controllers and exerting it to the slave, it has tried to create the best performance with regard to tracking. In the second scheme, as in the first one, optimal controller is applied to both the master and slave systems and the output of each controller is then applied to its own system, and by changing the system parameters and weighting factors, it has tried to reduce the tracking error between the master and the slave subsystems. In the third structure optimal control is applied to the master. In all three structures the positions of master slave are compared together and controlling signals are applied to the master or slave so that they can track each other in the least possible time. In all schemes the effectiveness of the system is shown through the simulations and they are compared with each other. (C) 2010 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： REMOTE control CONTROL theory (Mathematics) TIME delay systems programmable controllers SIMULATION methods & models PERFORMANCE evaluation DESIGN & construction

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Generic and Reconfigurable IEC 61499 Function Blocks for Advanced Platform Independent Engineering

Generic and Reconfigurable IEC 61499 Function Blocks for Adv...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Ebenhofer, G. Rooker, M. Falsig, S. Robotics and Adaptive Systems PROFACTOR GmbH Austria Maersk McKinney Moeller Institute University of Southern Denmark Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704345

This paper presents two new function block types for the IEC 61499 compliant 4DIAC runtime (FORTE). The function blocks are created in an attempt to increase the possibilities of reconfiguring function block applications during operation, without having to recreate the function block networks or recompile the FORTE runtime. The first block-type is created for generic I/O, and demonstrates how a single, platform-independent function block can be used to access the I/O subsystems of multiple PLC platforms. The second block-type allows the functionality of a block to be completely specified in the Lua scripting language, and thereby to be changed at runtime. Both block-types have been successfully tested, and appear to be a usable step in creating a more dynamic and flexible IEC 61499 implementation.

关键词： 4DIAC runtime FORTE runtime Hardware IDE IEC standards IEC standards Linux Lua scripting language Microcontrollers PLC platform Pins Programming Runtime advanced platform independent engineering authoring languages control engineering computing function block types programmable controllers programming environments reconfigurable IEC 61499 function block second block-type

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Decentralized Dynamic Resource Management Support for Massively Parallel Processor Arrays

Decentralized Dynamic Resource Management Support for Massiv...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP)

作者： Lari, Vahid Narovlyanskyy, Andriy Hannig, Frank Teich, Juergen Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Comp Sci Hardware Software Co Design Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712920

This paper presents a hardware-supported resource management methodology for massively parallel processor arrays. It enables processing elements to autonomously explore resource availability in their neighborhood. To support resource exploration, we introduce specialized controllers, which can be attached to each of the processing elements. We propose different types of architectures for the exploration controller: fast FSM-based designs as well as flexible programmable controllers. These controllers allow to implement different distributed resource exploration strategies in order to enable parallel programs the exploration and reservation of available resources according to different application requirements. Hardware cost evaluations show that the cost of the simplest implementation of our programmable controller is comparable to our FSM-based implementations, while offering the flexibility for implementing different exploration strategies. We show that the proposed distributed approach can achieve a significant speedup in comparison with centralized resource exploration methods.

关键词： Arrays FSM-based designs Hardware Registers centralized resource exploration methods decentralized dynamic resource management support distributed resource exploration strategies hardware cost evaluations hardware-supported resource management methodology many-core architectures massively parallel processor arrays multicore architectures multiprocessing systems parallel programming parallel programs programmable controllers programmable controllers resource allocation

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Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers to Peripherial Devices 2011

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丛书名： Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering

2011年

作者： Bohdan Borowik

ISBN: (数字)9789400711198

ISBN: (纸本)9789400711181

Thisbook is targeted for students of electronics and computer sciences. The first part of the book contains 15 original applications working on the PIC microcontroller,including:lighting diodes, communication with RS232 (bit-banging), interfacing to 7-segment and LCD displays, interfacing to matrix keypad 3 x 4, working with PWM module and others. This material can be used to coverone semester's teaching of microcontroller programming or similar classes. Thevolume containsschematic diagrams and source codes with detailed descriptions. All tests were prepared on the basis of the original documentation (data sheets, application notes). The next three chapters: The Stack, Tables and Table Instruction and Data Memory pertain to PIC18F1320. Software referred to is also presentedin assembly language. Finally the application of the PIC24FJ microcontroller with the 240x128 LCD display, T6963C and with accelerometer sensor, written in C are described.

关键词： Microcontrollers programmable controllers Computer interfaces

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Progress in PLC Programming for Distributed Automation Systems Control

Progress in PLC Programming for Distributed Automation Syste...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Basile, Francesco Chiacchio, Pasquale Gerbasio, Diego Univ Salerno DIEII Salerno Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704345

Industrial automation plants are controlled essentially by PLC-based control systems. PLCs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131-3 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of widely distributed automation systems. Currently, different solutions are under development from industry and research: an extension of IEC 61131-3 which includes object oriented programming;the adoption of the new standard IEC 61499 which makes the software execution event-based instead of scan-cycle based as in IEC 61131-3 standard. In this paper it is shown how object oriented programming implicitly makes event-based the PLC software behavior. Moreover, it is shown how supervisory control can help in designing correct software in this context.

关键词： Automation Heating IEC 61131-3 standard IEC 61499 IEC standards IEC standards Mixers PLC programming PLC software behavior PLC-based control system Programming Reactive power Software control engineering computing distributed automation systems control distributed control event-based software execution industrial automation plants industrial control object oriented programming object-oriented programming production engineering computing programmable controllers scan-cycle based software execution software design supervisory control

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Obtaining Formal Models from Ladder Diagrams

Obtaining Formal Models from Ladder Diagrams

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9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： da Silva Oliveira, Elthon Allex da Silva, Leandro Dias Gorgonio, Kyller Perkusich, Angelo Martins, Aldenor Falcao Univ Fed Alagoas Campus Arapiraca Arapiraca Alagoas Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande Departamento Sistemas & Computacao Campinas SP Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas Inst Comp Arapiraca Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande Dept Elect Engn Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704345

programmable Logic controllers (PLC) have been used in industrial environment to control several different tasks. Such devices can be programmed using one of the languages specified in the IEC 61131-3 standard, such as Ladder or Functional Logic Diagrams. PLCs are widely used in a number of critical environment, such as in the extraction processes of oil and gas. For this reason, systems running on PLCs requires a high level of reliability. In general, it is necessary to perform formal verification to achieve such a level of reliability. Formal behavioral models of the system are built to simulate and verify desired properties. Among many available formalisms, Petri Nets (PN) have been used successfully although the task of modeling demands extra time in the development process. Aiming to amortize time invested in formal verification, this paper presents a method to automatically obtain formal models, described with a class of PN called Coloured Petri Nets, directly from Ladder diagrams. With these models in hand, it is not only possible to simulate the system but it is also possible to apply automatic verification techniques.

关键词： Coils Control systems Electronic mail Humans IEC 61131-3 standard IEC standards IEC standards Mathematical model Petri nets Petri nets automatic verification coloured Petri nets formal behavioral model formal logic formal model formal verification formal verification formalism functional logic diagrams graph colouring ladder diagrams programmable controllers programmable logic controllers

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NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE IN LARGE, INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE IN LARGE, INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

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IEEE-IAS/PCA 53rd Cement Industry Technical Conference

作者： Martin, Kenny Holcim US USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424494675

Modern integrated control systems have become a blend of traditional process automation and functions that have in the past only been found in IT departments. Today's control systems have become faster and more flexible than ever before. Many different types of systems can be blended together to form one integrated whole. Scan rates and refresh times move at speeds that allow changes at an ever-increasing pace. The size and speed of these integrated systems demand increased attention to the infrastructure of the network they rely on. Without a strong enough network backbone, the control system as a sum of all parts will not be able to sustain itself, giving way to communication losses and loss of process control. In order to design and maintain a stable, secure control system, special attention must be given to the network and automation engineers must get in touch with their inner IT professional. This paper describes many of the challenges and lessons learned during the commissioning and startup of the control system at the Holcim Ste Genevieve plant. The central control system consists of 18 primary Rockwell Control Logic PLCs and RSView SE HMI containing about 150,000 data connections. Including all sub-systems, there are around 50 PLCs throughout the plant and around 200,000 data connection points when including local touch panels. The commissioning of individual areas and startup of the plant as a whole was very successful, but during the first few months there were many challenges with communication losses and system stability, some leading to plant downtime. Some of these challenges were due to both weak points in the network infrastructure and the size of the system pushing limitations of hardware and software. Among the specific problematic areas was the selection and design of network switches, the Microsoft Active Directory governing the central control system domain authentication, and the application of user code and communication at the PLC level. Six

关键词： Computers Control systems Fires Holcim Ste Genevieve plant Microsoft Active Directory Process control RSView SE HMI Rockwell control logic PLC Security Servers Software central control system domain authentication centralised control commissioning computer network security control system commissioning integrated control systems network infrastructure network security network switches process automation process control process control programmable controllers touch panels

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An IEC-61131-based Rule System for Integrated Automation Engineering: Concept and Case Study

An IEC-61131-based Rule System for Integrated Automation Eng...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Krausser, Tina Quiros, Gustavo Epple, Ulrich Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Chair Proc Control Engn Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704345

In this paper we present a rule-based system that has its purpose in automation engineering and can be implemented in a common automation environment without additional software. Our rule-based system uses IEC 61131 program organization units to formulate the rules as blueprints of the intended network of function blocks, functions or programs. Hence, the engineer can develop in his preferred programming language, but instead of writing out the implementation of each instance in full, he develops a single blueprint representation of the intended context. The paper gives an overview of the implementation requirements for this approach and reviews the advantages and problems of an integrated rule-based system. Finally, we adapt this concept to implement a rule-based version of flow path analysis in an piping system. On the base of the implemented example, we demonstrate the feasibility of the presented concept. A forecast on future fields of application finalizes the paper.

关键词： Automation IEC-61131-based rule system Monitoring Organizations Pattern matching Runtime Search problems Standards organizations blueprint representation engineering computing flow path analysis integrated automation engineering knowledge based systems piping system programmable controllers programmable logic devices

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CONSIDERATIONS IN NETWORK AND AUTOMATION OPTIONS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS

CONSIDERATIONS IN NETWORK AND AUTOMATION OPTIONS FOR LOW-VOL...

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Annual IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (PPIC)

作者： Feldmeier, Gerry Zantout, Firas Durocher, David B. Eaton Corp 4201N 27th St Milwaukee WI 53216 USA Essroc Italcementi Grp Martinsburg WV 25401 USA Eaton Corp Wilsonville OR 97070 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781612842714

The wide spread utilization of industrial communication networks in industrial applications for Low-Voltage Motor Control Centers (LV MCC's) started in 1995 when Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) was formed and an open standard for DeviceNet was developed. The main value proposition behind networks was wire savings and reduction of downtime, both quantifiable and tangible benefits, as well as many non-tangible metrics such as data richness and diagnostics. Today there are many types of industrial networks available. These networks provide connectivity from working equipment to upstream supervisory programmable Logic controllers (PLCs), Distributed Control Systems (DCS) in process environments, or Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which usually also employ an operator interface (OI) for control and monitoring. When an advanced communicating system is employed, facilities typically need personnel proficient in network installation and diagnostics, supervisory control programming, device programming and OI design, thus requiring a more technical resource than a traditional hard wired system. It is the intent of this paper to timeline industrial networks past and future, inform the reader of current standards for equipment control and automation, and to share how the industry is adapting to support these emerging challenges.

关键词： Communication cables Connectors Media Network topology Open DeviceNet Vendors Association SCADA SCADA systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems Switches Topology Wires automation option distributed control system equipment automation equipment control industrial communication network industrial network low-voltage motor control center machine control network installation operator interface programmable controllers programmable logic controller supervisory control programming voltage control

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