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11th IFAC/IEEE International Conference on programmable Devices and Embedded Systems (PDeS)

作者： Pilat, Adam Krzysztof Klocek, Jakub AGH Univ Sci & Technol Dept Automat Al A Mickiewicza 30 PL-30059 Krakow Poland OPTISTER Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823144

This elaboration presents a new device based on dynamically programmable Analog Signal Processors (dpASP) developed for hard real-time control applications. The developed programmable Analog Computer/Controller (PAC) is an open hardware for a wide range of signal processing tasks. In this report the analog signal routing and filter based signal processing realized by the dpASP is presented. This research was focused on the signals form as they are processed and transferred between analog processors. The investigation is exampled by the low-pass filter(s) embedded into every analog processor. For complex signal processing tasks a few dpASP must be routed together. The dpASP chain is created for signal diagnosis and due to the limited resources of a single device. Final conclusions related to chaining analog processors are given.

关键词： programmable controllers analog computers sampled signals concurrent architectures real-time computers low pass filters high-order controller FPAA Field programmable Analog Array dpASP dynamically programmable Analog Signal Processor

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Control freaks

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POWER ENGINEER 2005年第3期19卷 36-39页

作者： Unver, HM Celik, V Kirikkale Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kirikkale Turkey Gazi Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ankara Turkey

The induction furnace has been used in a massive range of applications from heating, melting and welding to shrink-fitting, forming, soldering and even plasma physics. Furnaces operate at frequencies between 10 Hz to 60 MHz, and as a result, different power supplies - operating at different frequencies - have also been developed. Induction steel heating furnaces (ISHF) have several advantages in practical applications. However, when a material is heated within an ISHF, its resistivity and magnetic permeability fluctuate, which proves detrimental to the control of power within the furnace. One way to improve power control within an ISHF is to use a programmable logic controller (PLC). Indeed, modern PLCs are modular, affordable, have large memory capacities, and also have special functions such as pulse wave modulation (PWM) and data communication. Using a PLC not only eases position, temperature and pressure control within the ISHF, but also provides overvoltage and overcurrent protection. A new PLC control system design allows heating to take place at constant power while maintaining a steady resonance frequency. The article introduces the system.

关键词： power control Power system protection Process heating Spatial variables control induction steel heating furnaces PLC overvoltage protection overcurrent protection forming melting Power applications in metallurgical industries PWM memory capacity programmable logic controller programmable controllers position control temperature control Pressure and vacuum control plasma physics Power and energy control shrink-fitting pressure control induction heating pulse wave modulation data communication electric furnaces logic controller induction furnace resonance frequency Thermal variables control constant power welding programmable controllers soldering heating

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CONTROL ON THE EDGE

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Engineering and Technology 2018年第6期13卷 56-57页

作者： Fryer, Tim

At a time when all the talk is of automation, Industrial Internet of Things, robotics et al, it is perhaps a fitting time to raise a toast to one of the building blocks of modern manufacturing, the PLC, which turns 50 this year. Talk these days is of pushing control to the edge, where remote nodes can communicate with each other, while machine and system flexibility is largely taken for granted. All of which would have been inconceivable in the 60s when control came by virtue of banks of relays. Any change of function would require shutting down the machine, rewiring and adding to the relay matrix, debugging and then hoping the next change wasn't imminent.

关键词： Control applications in manufacturing processes Internet of Things Robotics robotics PLC Industrial applications of IT Industrial Internet of Things relay control Production engineering computing Nonlinear control systems Industrial sectors industrial robots relay matrix control engineering computing system flexibility Control engineering computing programmable controllers production engineering computing Control in industrial production systems remote nodes programmable controllers

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Control-based algorithm for the management of IEEE 802.11e priorities within a Wireless Networked Discrete Control System

Control-based algorithm for the management of IEEE 802.11e p...

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Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)

作者： Habib, G. Petin, J. F. Divoux, T. Nancy Univ CNRS CRAN UMR 7039 Campus SciBP 70239 F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy France

ISBN: (纸本)9781424481545

This paper deals with the evaluation of Discrete Control Systems whose implementation is distributed among programmable Logic controllers (PLC) and remote Input/Output devices communicating through a Wireless Network. Using wireless communication in these applications, called Wireless Networked Discrete Control System (WNDCS), offers many advantages such as a greater mobility and reduced wiring costs, but also several disadvantages such as transmission delay, jitter phenomena or loss of messages due to nondeterministic features of wireless communication. These features may have a negative impact on the behaviour of the control applications, and especially on the temporal performance and dependability requirements that a control system usually has to face. This paper proposes an algorithm for the management of the IEEE 802.11e priorities with regards to control needs in order to increase the performance of the WNDCS. Efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown using OPNET simulations of a case study.

关键词： IEEE 802.11e priorities control based algorithm control engineering computing delays dependability requirements discrete systems jitter jitter phenomena management networked control systems programmable controllers programmable logic controllers remote input/output devices temporal performance transmission delay wireless LAN wireless communication wireless networked discrete control system

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A Structured Text to MISRA-C Translator and Issues with IEC 61131-3 Standard

A Structured Text to MISRA-C Translator and Issues with IEC ...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Kabra, Ashutosh Karmakar, Gopinath Patil, R. K. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr Reactor Control Div Mumbai 400085 Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347372

programmable controllers (PLC) are being increasingly used in control systems for Nuclear Power Plants. A PLC, qualified for safety applications, is attractive because it saves a lot of time in verification and validation effort as compared to development of embedded control systems. We developed a tool, ST to MISRA-C translator, required for developing application program using Structured Text (ST) in a qualified PLC. The syntax and semantics of ST programming language is defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard. During the development of the translator, we found some issues with ST language syntax and semantics not pointed out by other researchers. These issues are discussed in this paper along with proposed changes in the ST language grammar for its unambiguous parsing.

关键词： application program interfaces fission reactor safety grammars nuclear power stations program compilers program interpreters programmable controllers programming language semantics structured programming

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Formal Modelling of PLC Systems By BIP Components

Formal Modelling of PLC Systems By BIP Components

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IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Wang, Rui Guan, Yong Luo, Liming Zhang, Jie Capital Normal Univ Coll Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Chem Technol Coll Informat Sci & Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549866

Programable logic controllers (PLCs) are complex embedded systems which are widely used in industry. The formal modeling of PLC system for verification is a rough task. Good verification model should be faithful with the system, and also should have suitable scale because of the state explosion problem of verification. This paper proposes an automatic framework for the construction of verification model of PLC systems. BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) separates behavioral and architectural aspects in modelling. Specifical PLC features and system architecture are modelled by BIP framework. They are universal for all PLC applications. We define the operational semantics of PLC instruction and present an automatic translation based modeling method for PLC software. A small example is demonstrated for our approach.

关键词： control engineering computing embedded systems formal verification programmable controllers

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The PLC UML State-chart Design Pattern 19

The PLC UML State-chart Design Pattern

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19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Racchetti, Lorenzo Fantuzzi, Cesare Tacconi, Lorenzo Bonfe, Marcello Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia I-42122 Reggio Emilia Italy Tetra Pak Packaging Solut SpA I-41123 Modena Italy Univ Ferrara I-44100 Ferrara Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948451

We developed an UML-State-charts Object Oriented Design Pattern for PLCs IEC61131-3. This PLC UML-State-chart Design Pattern aims to explore the advantage of Object Oriented Programming by IEC61131-3 in PLCs, and to provide a direct map of UML State-chart to PLC code. We illustrates the design pattern and its use through UML Class diagrams and an application example. This Design Pattern can be used to reduce the development time of State-charts in automation software. It can also lead towards further investigations in PLC Design Patterns that may improve the whole development of automation software.

关键词： IEC standards Unified Modeling Language control engineering computing object-oriented programming programmable controllers PLC IEC61131-3 PLC UML state-chart design pattern UML class diagrams UML-state-charts object oriented design pattern automation software object oriented programming Actuators Automation Engines History Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language

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The Most Important Open Technologies for Design of Cost Efficient Automation Systems 19

The Most Important Open Technologies for Design of Cost Effi...

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19th International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) Conference on Technology, Culture and International Stability (TECIS)

作者： Kazala, R. Straczynski, P. Kielce Univ Technol Kielce Poland

Nowadays, industrial automation systems are mostly used with proprietary hardware and software. Creating such systems requires relatively large costs. This is a problem when designing control systems with a limited budget, which are created, for example, in developing countries or small businesses. Currently, there have been opportunities to create low-cost automation systems by using solutions distributed on the basis of open-source and open-hardware. The work reviews the most important solutions and presents examples of their use in automation systems. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automation programmable controllers Open-source Production costs

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Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture In Hot Standby Fault Tolerant Control Systems

Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture In Hot Standby ...

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International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research (ICAETR),

作者： Singh, Sandeep Chary, Valavoju Mahesh Rahman, P. Abdul Indian Space Res Org Satish Dhawan Space Ctr Sriharikota India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479963935

This paper presents Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture in hot standby fault tolerant control systems. Here, two independent profibus backbones are used to connect main CPU rack with main & redundant I/O racks respectively. In the above fashion, the redundant CPU rack is also configured. This completely prevents the loss of control over process due to multiple failures in I/O communication interfaces in the DACS system. And also redundancy in "Y link" is established to acquire profibus DP slave data. This immensely enhances "the fault tolerant & redundancy" level of communication between PLC to I/O & DP slave. This completely avoids the loss of field I/Os communication due to various failures in profibus network.

关键词： failure analysis fault tolerant control field buses programmable controllers redundancy DACS system DP slave data I/O communication interfaces PLC Y-link redundancy dual-redundant profibus network architecture field I/O communication loss hot-standby fault tolerant control systems main I/O racks redundant CPU rack redundant I/O racks Manuals Protocols Redundancy programmable logic controllers redundancy FAILURE ANALYSIS fault-tolerant control Field buses Profibus protocols hot standby Redundant

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Coupling timed plant and controller models with urgent transitions without introducing deadlocks

Coupling timed plant and controller models with urgent trans...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Perin, Matthieu Faure, Jean-Marc LURPA Ecole Normale Super Cachan F-94230 Cachan France

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347372;9781467347358

This paper focuses on timed models which represent closed-loop systems composed of a plant and a logic controller. Both the plant and controller models are described in a formalism where urgent transitions are possible, to avoid non-realistic evolutions, and without deadlock when they are separated. It is first shown that deadlocks may occur in the plant model as soon as both models are coupled. To solve this issue, shared variables which model the changes of the inputs of the controller are defined and introduced in some actions of the plant model as well as in some guards of the controller model;the aim of these variables is to authorize evolutions of the controller only when at least one input has changed. This solution removes the previously pinpointed deadlocks and guarantees the reactivity of the controller.

关键词： automata theory closed loop systems industrial plants programmable controllers

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