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Individual differences in computer programming: a systematic review

BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2025年第2期44卷 357-375页

作者： Navarro-Cota, Christian Molina, Ana I. Redondo, Miguel A. Lacave, Carmen Autonomous Univ Baja Calif UABC Fac Engn Architecture & Design Ensenada Mexico Univ Castilla La Mancha UCLM Dept Informat Syst & Technol Ciudad Real Spain Autonomous Univ Baja Calif UABC Fac Engn Architecture & Design Ensenada Tijuana Transpeninsular Highway 3917 Ensenada 22860 Mexico

The demand for programmers has grown exponentially in recent years, making programming an indispensable skill. However, the complex nature of programming poses various challenges for novice programmers, leading to high dropout rates in programming courses. The recognition of individual differences, encompassing distinct neurocognitive profiles, is acknowledged to influence the accuracy of predicting programming skill outcomes. As a result, an increasing awareness exists regarding the substantial contribution of human factors, including personality or cognitive ability, to programming performance. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to explore recent research on individual differentiation or programmer profiling in programming tasks. The primary goal is to examine pertinent research exploring personal characteristics' influence on programming in various contexts. As a result of this review, a taxonomy has been introduced to enhance the comprehension of programmers' multifaceted individual differences, categorising influential factors into nine distinct dimensions. Furthermore, it has been found that individual differences influence performance in programming tasks, as well as in the learning of this discipline. In conclusion, this SLR emphasises human factors' critical role in programming and proposes a taxonomy that is a valuable framework for researchers, educators, and practitioners to enhance their understanding of human factors' influence on programming performance.

关键词： programming human factors individual differences systematic literature review

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Simultaneous or independent programming and reconfiguration of structural and fluorescent information in multi-stimuli-responsive liquid crystalline polymer film

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025年 505卷

作者： Zhang, Jianying Zhang, Shuoning Liu, Jiale Ren, Yunxiao Chen, Jiajun Hu, Wei Yang, Huai Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Inst Adv Mat & Technol Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Mat Genome Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Peking Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Coll Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Stimuli-responsive material is a kind of intelligent material which is widely used in the field of information programming, due to its physical properties that can change with external stimuli. However, challenges remain in constructing multi-stimuli responsive material systems and their application in programming and reconfiguring complex information. Herein, a multi-stimuli-responsive system was constructed by introducing a cyanostyrene-derivative with aggregation-induced emission (AIE-CSD) into a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer (CLCP). The obtained AIE-CSD-based CLCP (A-CLCP) can achieve programming and reconfiguration of complex information combined with structural and fluorescent color, due to its reversible multi-stimuli-responsive properties to temperature, humidity, photo, and pH. Carboxylic acid derivatives hydrogen bonded liquid crystals in the A-CLCP enable its structural color to respond to temperature and humidity;Chemo- and photo-chromic properties of the AIE-CSD molecule endow the CLCP with programmable fluorescent color;In addition, by adjusting the acidifying condition, the structural and fluorescent information can be programmed either simultaneously or independently. The multi-stimuli-responsive liquid crystalline polymer films with programmable and reconfigurable structural and fluorescent information exhibit tremendous potential in advanced anticounterfeiting and information-encrypted storage.

关键词： Liquid crystalline polymer Stimuli-responsive programming Reconfiguration

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Hybrid Irregular Tiled Arrays for Wide-Angle and Low-Sidelobe Scanning With Mixed Integer Linear programming

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS 2025年第3期24卷 726-730页

作者： Ma, Yankai Sun, Qiang Hu, Jianquan Xiang, Qianyin Feng, Quanyuan Southwest Jiaotong Univ SWJTU Sch Informat Sci & Technol Chengdu 611756 Peoples R China

The segmentation of phased array apertures into distinct sets of tile modules, referred to as irregular tiled arrays, is highly appealing in scenarios requiring cost efficiency. However, the limited scanning abilities restrict broader applications. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a hybrid subarray architecture that enhances flexibility by utilizing the diverse scanning advantages offered by various subarray sizes and shapes. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed to optimize the tiling configuration to adapt the array design to meet different sidelobe level (SLL) and maximum scanning angle requirements. Benders decomposition is employed to efficiently decouple and solve both integer and continuous variables. The proposed array structure exhibits network complexity that falls between traditional irregular arrays and nonadjacent arrays. Compared to traditional arrays, it achieves more than 4 dB sidelobe suppression and a 1.1 dB gain improvement. Compared with nonadjacent arrays, the proposed array not only extends the scanning angle but also achieves significantly lower SLLs, offering superior performance for wide-angle scanning applications.

关键词： Phased arrays Shape Optimization Matrix converters Costs Complexity theory programming Computer architecture Vectors Routing Benders decomposition irregular subarray low sidelobe ultrawide-angle scanning

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Analysis of the Voltage Ramp Rate Effects on the programming Characteristics of Bipolar-Type Memristive Devices

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2025年 24卷 205-208页

作者： Miranda, E. Piros, E. Aguirre, F. L. Kim, T. Schreyer, P. Gehrunger, J. Schwarz, T. Oster, T. Hofmann, K. Sune, J. Hochberger, C. Alff, L. Univ Autonoma Barcelona Dept Engn Elec tron Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193 Spain Tech Univ Darmstadt Inst Mat Sci D-64287 Darmstadt Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

We investigate in this letter the role the voltage ramp rate plays in the conduction and programming characteristics of bipolar-type memristive devices. It is shown that speeding up the writing or erasing process of a memristor is beneficial in terms of energy consumption but has a side cost associated with power dissipation. This happens because of the dynamical aspects of the set and reset transitions which are ultimately dictated by the physics of metal ions and oxygen vacancies migration. It is shown that by adding a constant base voltage to the voltage sweep, shorter programming times can be achieved but no significant impact on the power dissipation-energy consumption relationship is observed. Modeling and simulations are carried out with the aid of the Dynamic Memdiode Model and its implementation in LTspice using the Method of Elementary Solvers. Since the device model parameters and simulation conditions can vary in a wide range, the complete schematics are provided so that the interested readers can test different casuistries by themselves.

关键词： Voltage Mathematical models programming Memristors Integrated circuit modeling Random access memory Switches Power dissipation Ions Energy consumption Memristor resistive switching energy consumption power dissipation SPICE LTspice

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Is Our Limited Understanding of the Effects of Nerve Stimulation Resulting in Poor Outcomes and the Need for Better "Rescue programming" in SNM and PTNS, and Lost Opportunities for New Sites of Stimulation? ICI-RS 2024

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NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS 2025年第3期44卷 676-682页

作者： Averbeck, Marcio Augusto Gajewski, Jerzy B. Finazzi-Agro, Enrico Chermansky, Christopher John Sahai, Arun Pozniak, Michal Sinha, Sanjay Mosiello, Giovanni Harding, Christopher Hashim, Hashim Dmochowski, Roger Belal, Mohammed Abrams, Paul Moinhos de Vento Hosp Dept Urol Porto Alegre Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul Sao Lucas Hosp Dept Urol Porto Alegre Brazil Dalhousie Univ Dept Urol Halifax NS Canada Univ Roma Tor Vergata Policlin Tor Vergata Univ Hosp Dept Surg Sci Urol Unit Rome Italy Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Urol Pittsburgh PA USA Kings Coll London Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust Dept Urol London England Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Dept Urol & Androl Coll Med Bydgoszcz Poland Apollo Hosp Dept Urol Hyderabad India Bambino Gesu Children Hosp & Res Inst Div Neurourol Rome Italy Freeman Rd Hosp Dept Urol Newcastle Upon Tyne England Newcastle Univ Translat & Clin Res Inst Newcastle Upon Tyne England Southmead Hosp Bristol Urol Inst Bristol England Vanderbilt Univ Med Ctr Dept Urol Nashville TN USA Univ Hosp Birmingham Dept Urol Birmingham England Bristol Urol Inst Bristol England

AimsSacral neuromodulation (SNM) and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) are strongly recommended by international guidelines bodies for complex lower urinary tract dysfunctions. However, treatment failure and the need for rescue programming still represent a significant need for long-term follow-up. This review aimed to describe current strategies and future directions in patients undergoing such *** and MethodsThis is a consensus report of a Think Tank discussed at the Annual Meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence - Research Society (ICI-RS), June 6-8, 2024 (Bristol, UK): "Is our limited understanding of the effects of nerve stimulation resulting in poor outcomes and the need for better 'rescue programming' in SNM and PTNS, and lost opportunities for new sites of stimulation?"ResultsRescue programming is important from two different perspectives: to improve patient outcomes and to enhance device longevity (for implantable devices). Standard SNM parameters have remained unchanged since its inception for the treatment of OAB, nonobstructive urinary retention, and voiding dysfunction. SNM rescue programming includes intermittent stimulation (cycling on), increased frequency and changes in pulse width (PW). The effect of PW setting on SNM outcomes remains unclear. Monopolar configurations stimulate more motor nerve fibers at lower stimulation voltage;hence, this could be an option in patients who failed bipolar stimulation in the long term. Unfortunately, there is little evidence for rescue programming for PTNS. However, the development of implantable devices for intermittent stimulation of the tibial nerve may increase long-term adherence to therapy and increase interest in alternative programming. There has been recent promising neurostimulation targeting the pudendal nerve (PNS), especially in BPS/IC. More recently, preliminary data addressed the benefits of high-frequency bilateral pudendal nerve block for DESD and adapt

关键词： percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation programming sacral nerve stimulation sacral neuromodulation

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Dynamic Decoupling-Based Convex-Concave programming for Optimal Power Flow in Asymmetric Bipolar DC Distribution Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2025年第3期40卷 2376-2388页

作者： Zhou, Yiyao Wang, Qianggang Chicco, Gianfranco Liao, Jianquan Chi, Yuan Huang, Tao Wu, Haoke Zhou, Niancheng Chongqing Univ Sch Elect Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Politecn Torino Dept Energy I-10129 Turin Italy Sichuan Univ Coll Elect Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Optimal power flow (OPF) plays a crucial role in addressing asymmetric operational problems of bipolar direct current distribution networks (DCDNs). However, the effectiveness of existing OPF models applied to bipolar DCDNs exhibits sensitivity to the problem type, underlying assumptions, and choice of objective functions. Hence, this paper proposes a dynamic decoupling-based convex-concave programming (CCP) framework to formulate an OPF model, aiming for a more rational impact across diverse applications in asymmetric operational bipolar DCDNs. More specifically, the coupled power between poles and ports of bipolar DCDNs is analyzed in detail, leading to the derivation of decoupled pole-to-ground equivalent circuits without relying on any preliminary assumption. Subsequently, the OPF problem of the equivalent circuits is formulated via CCP, involving the introduction of a cutting plane through difference-of-convex inequalities to limit the feasible region of the traditional OPF based on second-order cone programming, thereby diminishing dependence on exact relaxation conditions. Finally, a solution method is proposed to dynamically correct both the decoupled equivalent circuits and the cutting plane. The numerical results indicate that this method effectively addresses power optimization problems with a non-strictly monotonic objective function. Furthermore, it exhibits scalability, showcasing its applicability to large-scale radial bipolar DCDNs.

关键词： Voltage Load flow programming Optimization Load modeling Equivalent circuits Linear programming Distribution networks Power system dynamics Complexity theory Bipolar DC distribution network dynamic decoupling optimal power flow convex-concave programming asymmetric operational problem

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Teaching programming in Higher Education: Analyzing Trends, Technologies, and Pedagogical Approaches Through a Bibliometric Lens

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2025年第1期16卷 61-68页

作者： Vinueza-Morales, Mariuxi Rodas-Silva, Jorge Vidal-Silva, Cristian Univ Estatal Milagro Fac Sci & Engn Milagro Ecuador Univ Estatal Milagro Innovat Acad Proc SofTech Res Grp Milagro Ecuador Univ Amer Fac Ingn & Negocios Manuel Montt 948 Providencia 7500975 Santiago Chile

In today's information society, developing programming competencies is essential in higher education. Numerous studies have been conducted on effective strategies for fostering these skills. This study performs a bibliometric analysis of research on teaching strategies for programming in higher education, using data from the SCOPUS and Web of Science (WOS) databases between 2014 and 2023. The analysis identifies key trends, influential authors, and collaboration networks in this field. The most effective teaching strategies include project-based learning, flipped classrooms, and collaborative programming. Emerging technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality are gaining prominence in programming education. Despite the growth of research in this area, challenges remain, such as the lack of longitudinal studies exploring the long-term impact of these methodologies and the need for greater geographic diversity in studies. This paper emphasizes the importance of exploring new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches and fostering international collaborations to enhance programming education. The findings guide researchers and educators on how to optimize programming learning in a global context.

关键词： programming higher education teaching strategies bibliometrics

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Using Serious Games and Digital Games to Improve Students' Computational Thinking and programming Skills in K-12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review

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TECHNOLOGIES 2025年第3期13卷 113-113页

作者： Gundersen, Sindre Wennevold Lampropoulos, Georgios Ostfold Univ Coll Dept Comp Sci & Commun N-1757 Halden Norway Univ Nicosia Sch Educ Dept Educ CY-2417 Nicosia Cyprus Univ Macedonia Sch Informat Sci Dept Appl Informat Thessaloniki 54636 Greece

Computational thinking and problem-solving skills have become vital for students to develop. Digital games and serious games are increasingly being used in educational settings and present great potential to aid students' learning. This study aims to explore the role and impact of serious games and digital games on students' computational thinking and programming skills in primary, secondary, and K-12 education through a systematic review of the existing literature. Four research questions were set to be examined. Following the PRISMA framework, 78 studies deriving from IEEE, Scopus, and Web of Science over the period of 2011-2024 are examined. The studies are categorized into Theoretical and Review studies, Proposal and Showcase studies, and Experimental and Case studies. Based on the results, serious games and digital games arose as meaningful educational tools that are positively viewed by education stakeholders and that can effectively support and improve K-12 education students' computational thinking and programming skills. Among the benefits identified, it was revealed that serious games offer enjoyable and interactive learning experiences that can improve students' learning performance, engagement, and motivation, enhance students' confidence and focus, and promote self-regulated learning and personalized learning. Additionally, serious games emerged as an educational means that can effectively support social learning and provide real-time feedback. The challenges identified were related to the selection of games and the game-related design elements, decisions, and approaches. Hence, the study highlights the significance of the design of serious games and the need to cultivate students' computational thinking, problem-solving, and social skills from a young age. Finally, the study reveals key design principles and aspects to consider when developing serious games and digital games and highlights the need to involve education stakeholders throughout the desig

关键词： serious games digital games digital game-based learning gamification computational thinking programming computer science computer education primary education secondary education k-12 education review

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Machine Learning-Enabled Personalization of programming Learning Feedback

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2025年第2期16卷 1091-1097页

作者： Alshammari, Mohammad T. Univ Hail Coll Comp Sci & Engn Hail Saudi Arabia

Acquiring programming skills is daunting for most learners and is even more challenging in heavily attended courses. This complexity also makes it difficult to offer personalized feedback within the time constraints of instructors. This study offers an approach to predict programming weaknesses in each learner to provide appropriate learning resources based on machine learning. The machine learning models selected for training and testing and then compared are and Decision Trees. During the comparison based on the features of prior knowledge, time spent, and GPA, Logistic Regression was found to be the most accurate. Using this model, the programming weaknesses of each learner are identified so that personalized feedback can be given. The paper further describes a controlled experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the personalized programming feedback generated based on the model. The findings indicate that learners receiving personalized programming feedback achieve superior learning outcomes than those receiving traditional feedback. The implications of these findings are explored further, and a direction for future research is suggested.

关键词： Machine learning programming learning outcome feedback personalization

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Survey of common deep brain stimulation programming practices by experts in Parkinson's Disease

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JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2025年第1期272卷 1-12页

作者： Cunningham, J. E. Cabrera, L. Y. Mahajan, A. Aslam, S. De Jesus, S. Brennan, R. Jimenez-Shahed, J. Aquino, C. C. Xie, T. Vaou, E. O. Patel, N. Spindler, M. Mills, K. A. Zhang, L. Bertoni, J. Sidiropoulos, C. Miocinovic, S. Walter, B. L. Panov, F. Zauber, S. E. Sarva, H. Michigan State Univ Coll Human Med E Lansing MI USA Penn State Univ Ctr Neural Engn Dept Engn Sci & Mech W-316 Millennium Sci Complex University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Rock Eth Inst W-316 Millennium Sci Complex University Pk PA 16802 USA Univ Cincinnati Gardner Ctr Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Cincinnati OH 40059 USA Univ Colorado Sch Med Dept Neurol Aurora CO USA Penn State Univ Milton S Hershey Med Ctr Dept Neurol Hershey PA USA Med Coll Wisconsin Dept Neurol Milwaukee WI 53226 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Bonnie & Tom Strauss Movement Disorders Ctr Dept Neurol New York NY 10019 USA Univ Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Inst Dept Clin Neurosci Calgary AB T2N 4P1 Canada Univ Chicago Med Dept Neurol Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorder Clin & DBS Prog Chicago IL 60637 USA UTHlth San Antonio Dept Neurol Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Div 7703 Floyd Curl Dr MC 7894 San Antonio TX 78229 USA Univ Penn Perelman Sch Med Dept Neurol Philadelphia PA 19107 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Johns Hopkins Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorder C Sch Med Baltimore MD 21287 USA Univ Calif Davis PF Ctr Excellence Movement Disorders & Neurorestor Dept Neurol Sch Med Sacramento CA 95817 USA Univ Nebraska Med Ctr Dept Neurol Sci Omaha NE 68198 USA Michigan State Univ Dept Neurol & Ophthalmol E Lansing MI 48823 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol Atlanta GA 30329 USA Cleveland Clin Neurol Inst Ctr Neurol Restorat Dept Neurol Cleveland OH 44195 USA Mt Sinai Sch Med Dept Neurosurg New York NY USA Indiana Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Weill Cornell Med Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Inst Dept Neurol New York NY 10021 USA

Objective Identify consensus and variability in deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming practices for Parkinson's disease. Background DBS programming relies on the personal experience and skills of programmers. Despite consensus statements, there aren't official guidelines for DBS programming, making it likely for protocols to vary among providers. Methods We administered an online survey to the Functional Neurosurgery Working Group of the Parkinson's Study Group to capture those actively programming DBS patients. We performed descriptive statistics and comparisons of responses based on career stage: early (0-10 years) versus later (>10 years). Results Boston Scientific (n = 15/31, 48%) and Medtronic (n = 14/35, 40%) are the two DBS systems ranked as most used, with less reported frequency of Abbott devices (n = 4/32, 12.5). Traditional monopolar review ranked as the most common initial programming strategy by 23/29 (79%) respondents, regardless of the device type implanted. Monopolar omnidirectional testing was the most often used approach for contact configuration at initial programming (24/33, 73%).For treating dyskinesia, tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, speech-related side effects, non-motor adverse effects, or swallowing-related side effects, the most likely optimization strategy selected was to modify amplitude of the active contact. When treating freezing of gait, there was a divergence between first modifying amplitude (n = 11/29, 38%) or frequency (n = 12/33, 36%). Conclusion Initial programming practices generally align with published recommendations, which can reassure less experienced clinicians in practices with near consensus and allow them to devote more time to areas with wider variety of practice. Our data also highlights aspects of DBS programming with less consensus, demonstrating the need for future evidence.

关键词： Deep brain stimulation programming Parkinson disease

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