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A systematic design method for green buildings based on the combined system of flexible solar cells and reactors on buildings

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 209卷 108657-108657页

作者： Bai, Jitao Zhang, Simiao Liang, Jiahe Zhao, Yanlong Li, Weiyi Diao, Yu Shang, Dongfan Tianjin Univ Dept Civil Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Key Lab Coast Civil Struct Safety Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Coll Intelligence & Comp Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sch Architecture Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sch Math Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Hebei Acad Bldg Res Co Ltd Hebei 050021 Peoples R China

Reactors on buildings (RB) can achieve carbon sequestration through photoelectrocatalytic reaction to effectively control the carbon emission of buildings, while flexible solar cells (FSCs) can realize self-sufficiency in energy consumption of buildings without affecting their exteriors. It is supposed that they can be assembled together on building surface to achieve the ultra-low energy consumption and ultra-low carbon emission of buildings. Based on principles in solid geometry, calculation method for solar radiation on random spatial surface is proposed, and the programming model for the assembly of RB and FSCs on building surface targeted by environmental effect and economic benefit is established based on their working characteristics. Then a comprehensive programming model considering both environmental effect and economic benefit is established. Subsequently, main parameters in comprehensive programming model are analyzed through virtual experiment conducted on computers with input data available for Guangzhou, China, and the approximate equation of the curve of assembly ratio with weight as well as the concept of function characterization of buildings are proposed. Meanwhile, the equation that can be used to predict the assembly ratio of FSCs based on photoelectrocatalytic efficiency is established. All these studies provide a systematic method for the combined application of RB and FSCs in buildings.

关键词： Reactors on buildings (RB) Flexible solar cells (FSCs) Green buildings Solar radiation programming model Virtual experiment

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A Uniform Quantum Computing model based on Virtual Quantum Processors

A Uniform Quantum Computing Model based on Virtual Quantum P...

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS) / IEEE World Congress on Services (IEEE SERVICES)

作者： Gesek, Georg QMware AG CTO Res & Dev Rorschach Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416818

What else than Hybrid Quantum Computing will dominate data centers, just within a decade? But until now, it is unclear how precisely such high-performance computers will be constructed, even the fundamental functionality is in question. Thus, it is very hard to prepare today, from a programmer perspective, in-depth for the anticipated near-term programming paradigm shift due to quantum computers. Furthermore, the industry is reluctant to invest heavily into quantum software development right now, since under this uncertainty regarding the future development of hardware and Cloud services, no one would like to see all these efforts to be ruined by a novel technology, an unforeseen new machine, which Would eradicate the software in place, which the industry had developed so costly. This calls for a more generic view on Hybrid Quantum Computing, on one hand hardware agnostic, but still anticipating the fundamental laws of nature which rule ally future quantum computing system, regardless of its engineered excellence. This generalization can be done with the introduction of a Virtual Quantum Processor, a piece of imaginary hardware, which is described detailed enough, to emulate a generic hybrid quantum machine based on a set of instructions within a Turing machine. If this could be accomplished, we would retrieve a Uniform Computing model fin Hybrid Quantum Software, which can be applied later to any physical representation of quantum computing hardware, but would run already today on our current machines.

关键词： uniform hybrid quantum high-performance computing virtual processor programming model

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Design and evaluation of associative processing kernels 33

Design and evaluation of associative processing kernels

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33rd IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： Silveira, Jonathas Wanner, Lucas Univ Unicamp Inst Comp Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665443012

Associative Processing is a way to do Processing in Memory. Through an associative memory (Content-addressable memory - CAM) with special registers and lookup-tables, and applying comparisons and writings, this approach is able to compute in parallel. The potential of associative computing is applied to accelerate several applications including Neural Networks, DNA alignment, and Image processing. However, there is a lack of programming models for real applications and ways to measure performance impacts in a system with associative processing, making it difficult to adopt the approach. In this work, we present associative processing implementations for application kernels along with evaluation models for latency and energy for associative operations. We highlight implementations for matrix multiplication, 2D convolution, and the ReLU activation function, explaining how we built them to extract parallelism in the associative environment. We use a functional simulator to evaluate applications and apply its output to models for performance evaluation. The results show that associative processing can greatly improve performance over traditional CPU processing for parallel applications. For matrix multiplication, the associative processing model achieved a relative gain of 5x in latency, 4x in energy, and 25x in the number of load/store operations when compared to a CPU-only model.

关键词： Processing in Memory Associative processing programming model

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Automatic Generation of High-Performance Inference Kernels for Graph Neural Networks on Multi-Core Systems 21

Automatic Generation of High-Performance Inference Kernels f...

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50th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Fu, Qiang Huang, H. Howie George Washington Univ Washington DC 20052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450390682

Graph neural networks are powerful in learning from high-dimensional graph-structured data, for which a number of frameworks such as DGL and Pytorch-geometrics have been developed to facilitate the construction, training, and deployment of such models. Unfortunately, existing systems underperform when inferring on huge graph data on multi-core CPUs. Furthermore, traditional graph processing systems are struggling with complexity issues due to their low-level programming interfaces. In this paper, we present a new compiler-based software framework Gin optimized for graph neural network inference, which offers a user-friendly interface, via an intuitive programming model, for defining graph neural network models. Gin builds high-level dataflow graphs as intermediate representations, which are transformed into highly efficient codes and then compiled into binary inference kernels. Our evaluation shows that Gin significantly accelerates the inference on billion-edge graphs, beating three state-of-the-art solutions i.e., DGL, Tensorflow, and Pytorch-geometrics, by 31.44xon average, with much higher CPU and memory bandwidth utilization. In addition, Gin is able to achieve considerable speedup (up to 7.6x) over traditional graph processing system Ligra.

关键词： Graph Neural Networks Inference programming model Compiler

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Managing the Resource Continuum in a Real Video Surveillance Scenario 24

Managing the Resource Continuum in a Real Video Surveillance...

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24th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)

作者： Sciamanna, Filippo Zanella, Michele Massari, Giuseppe Fornaciari, William Politecn Milan DEIB Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665427036

Over the last years, the number of IoT devices has grown exponentially. Thus, Fog and Edge computing move part of the computation closer to data sources, exploiting interconnected devices in a computing continuum viewpoint. These devices are heterogeneous in terms of performance, features, and capabilities, requiring proper programming models and run-time management layers. This work presents a first version of the BarMan open-source framework. We developed a run-time task allocation policy to maximize application performance and through an experimental evaluation performed on a real cluster, we evaluated different execution scenarios. The results show an improvement up to 66% on the frame processing latency with respect to a monolithic solution.

关键词： Fog Computing Resource Management programming model Task allocation strategy

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ConMR: Concurrent MapReduce programming model for Large Scale Shared-Data Applications

ConMR: Concurrent MapReduce Programming Model for Large Scal...

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42nd Annual International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Zhang, Fan Malluhi, Qutaibah M. Elsyed, Tamer M. Carnegie Mellon Univ Qatar Dept Comp Sci Doha Qatar Qatar Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9780769551173

The rapid growth of large-data processing has brought in the MapReduce programming model as a widely accepted solution. However, MapReduce limits itself to a one-map-to-one-reduce framework. Meanwhile, it lacks built-in support and optimization when the input datasets are shared among concurrent applications and/or jobs. The performance might be improved when the shared and frequently accessed data is read from local instead of distributed file system. To enhance the performance of big data applications, this paper presents Concurrent MapReduce, a new programming model built on top of MapReduce that deals with large amount of shared data items. Concurrent MapReduce provides support for processing heterogeneous sources of input datasets and offers optimization when the datasets are partially or fully shared. Experimental evaluation has shown an execution runtime speedup of 4X compared to traditional non-concurrent MapReduce implementation with a manageable time overhead.

关键词： Concurrency MapReduce programming model Shared Input Data

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Automatic Mapping and Code Optimization for OpenCL Kernels on FT-Matrix Architecture (WIP Paper) 2021

Automatic Mapping and Code Optimization for OpenCL Kernels o...

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22nd ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES)

作者： Zhao, Xiaolei Wen, Mei Chen, Zhaoyun Shi, Yang Zhang, Chunyuan Natl Univ Def Technol Changsha Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384728

FT-Matrix is a typical vector-SIMD architecture that refines the cooperation between scalar and vector units. This approach is widely used in digital signal processing, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence, among other fields. FT-Matrix currently adopts C vector extension as the main programming model, improving the utilization efficiency of SIMD by providing explicit vector extension API. Moreover, it is difficult to efficiently transplant parallel programs (OpenCL, CUDA) adopted by users. This paper proposes an automatic mapping and code optimization method for OpenCL kernels on FT-Matrix architecture. The proposed approach solves these challenges by means of work item coalescing, slicing and rotation, and instruction-level code optimization. Preliminary results show that our method can achieve high performance and good hardware utilization for OpenCL kernels, as well as decreasing the programming difficulty on FT-Matrix.

关键词： FT-Matrix OpenCL programming model automated mapping

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Deserv: Decentralized Serverless Computing

Deserv: Decentralized Serverless Computing

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS) / IEEE World Congress on Services (IEEE SERVICES)

作者： Christie, Samuel H., V Chopra, Amit K. Singh, Munindar P. Univ Lancaster Sch Comp & Commun Lancaster England North Carolina State Univ Dept Comp Sci Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416818

A decentralized application involves multiple autonomous principals, e.g., humans and organizations. Autonomy motivates (i) specifying a decentralized application via a protocol that captures the interactions between the principals, and (ii) a programming model that enables each principal to independently (from other principals) construct its own protocol-compliant agent. An agent encodes its principal's decision making and represents it in the application. We contribute Deserv, the first protocol-based programming model for decentralized applications that is suited to the cloud. Specifically, Desery demonstrates how to leverage function-as-a-service (FaaS), a popular serverless programming model, to implement agents. A notable feature of Desery is the use declarative protocols to specify interactions. Declarative protocols support implementing stateful agents in a manner that naturally exploits the concurrency and autoscaling benefits offered by serverless computing.

关键词： multiagent systems protocols programming model

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Interaction-Oriented programming: An Application Semantics Approach for Engineering Decentralized Applications 21

Interaction-Oriented Programming: An Application Semantics A...

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40th ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC)

作者： Chopra, Amit K. Christie, Samuel H., V Singh, Munindar P. Univ Lancaster Lancaster England North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450385480

Interaction-Oriented programming (IOP) refers to multiagent concepts, languages, and programming models for engineering applications that are characterized by interactions between autonomous parties. Such applications arise in domains such as e-commerce, health care, and finance. Owing to the autonomy of the principals involved, such applications are conceptually decentralized. We demonstrate how to specify a decentralized application flexibly and how to engineer correct, fault-tolerant endpoints (agents) for the principals in a straightforward manner. Notably, the entire application is realized as agents communicating over an unordered, unreliable messaging infrastructure (our implementations in fact use UDP). IOP departs from traditional distributed systems approaches that rely on guarantees in the application's communication infrastructure, e.g., for ordering and fault tolerance. Notably, IOP shows how to address application semantics, the holy grail of distributed systems.

关键词： Commitments information protocol programming model

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BarMan: A run-time management framework in the resource continuum

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SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING-INFORMATICS & SYSTEMS 2022年 35卷

作者： Zanella, Michele Sciamanna, Filippo Fornaciari, William Politecn Milan DEIB Milan Italy

Over the last years, the number of IoT devices has grown exponentially, highlighting the current Cloud infrastructure limitations. In this regard, Fog and Edge computing began to move part of the computation closer to data sources by exploiting interconnected devices as part of a single heterogeneous and distributed system in a computing continuum viewpoint. Since these devices are typically heterogeneous in terms of performance, features, and capabilities, this perspective should encompass programming models and run-time management layers. This work presents and evaluates the BarMan open-source framework by implementing a Fog video surveillance use-case. BarMan leverages a task-based programming model combined with a run-time resource manager and the novel BeeR framework to deploy the application's tasks transparently. This enables the possibility of considering aspects related to the energy and power dissipated by the devices and the single application. Moreover, we developed a task allocation policy to maximize application performance, considering run-time aspects, such as load and connectivity, of the time-varying available devices. Through an experimental evaluation performed on a real cluster equipped with heterogeneous embedded boards, we evaluated different execution scenarios to show the framework's functionality and the benefit of a distributed approach, leading up to an improvement of 66% on the frame processing latency w.r.t. a monolithic solution.

关键词： Fog computing Resource management programming model Task allocation strategy

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