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A Reference Scenario for IMS Strategic Design

CIRP Annals 1999年第1期48卷 381-384页

作者： G. Perronet S. Noto La Diega DIFA–University of Basilicata Potenza Italy DTPM–University of Palermo Italy

Today is fully acknowledged that manufacturing is a formidable competitive weapon. The strength of such a weapon is essentially defined during the first step of the design phase called strategic design. During this phase, in fact, the principal characteristics of the manufacturing systems are to be defined taking into account the competitive environment and the competition strategy. Classical analytical models for IMS design often neglect this aspect and, perhaps, this is one of the causes of IMS failure. The paper proposes a set of analytical models for strategic IMS design; they have been classified into four classes, each one pursuing a determined set of objectives, providing, in this way, a general reference framework for IMS designers.

关键词： IMS design programming models genetic algorithms

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Evaluating international ethical climates: A goal programming model

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JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS 1998年第16期17卷 1861-1869页

作者： Hoffman, JJ Florida State Univ Coll Business Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

A critical concern for firms pursuing international expansion strategies involves identifying countries that offer a good fit with the firm's overall ethical orientation. Unfortunately, little has been written to aid firms in identifying countries that offer this type of fit. This paper presents a model that combines the concepts of strategic management, cross-cultural management, business ethics, and the management science technique of goal programming. The purpose of the model is to aid managers in identifying countries for international expansion that offer the best fit with the firm's ethical orientation. The paper also extends the existing literature on crosscultural management and business ethics by applying a computer optimization model to evaluate potential countries for international expansion in a way that has not been done before.

关键词： Goal programming Business ethics Countries Masculinity Cross cultural studies programming models Modeling Social ethics Business structures Individualism

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MATHEMATICAL-programming models FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY CONTROL

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OPERATIONS RESEARCH 1995年第4期43卷 578-622页

作者： GREENBERG, HJ UNIV COLORADO DEPT ENERGYANALYT GRPDENVERCO 80202 USA

This paper surveys the use of mathematical programming models for controlling environmental quality. The scope includes air, water, and land quality, stemming from the first works in the 1960s. It also includes integrated models, generally that are economic equilibrium models which have an equivalent mathematical program or use mathematical programming to compute a fixed point. A primary goal of this survey is to identify interesting research avenues for people in mathematical programming with an interest in applying it to help control our environment with as little economic sacrifice as possible.

关键词： Economic models Water quality Water pollution Pollutant emissions Groundwater Mathematical models Mathematical programming programming models Air quality Modeling

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INCORPORATING RISK-AVERSION INTO DYNAMIC-programming models - REPLY

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1994年第4期76卷 965-967页

作者： KRAUTKRAEMER, JA VANKOOTEN, GC YOUNG, DL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV DEPT AGR ECONPULLMANWA 99164 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPT AGR ECONVANCOUVER V6T 1W5BCCANADA

Presents the authors response to a commentary on their article `Incorporating Risk Aversion into Dynamic programming models' published in the November 1992 issue of the `American Journal of Agricultural Economics.' Association of interyear risk with soil moisture level uncertainty; Determination of importance of temporal uncertainty.

关键词： Risk aversion Expected utility Soil water Recursive functions Temporal resolution programming models Dynamic programming Dynamic modeling Conditional probabilities Expected values

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INCORPORATING RISK-AVERSION INTO DYNAMIC-programming models - COMMENT

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1994年第4期76卷 960-964页

作者： KENNEDY, JOS HARDAKER, JB QUIGGIN, J UNIV NEW ENGLAND DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON ARMIDALE NSW 2351 AUSTRALIA UNIV NEW ENGLAND DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON ARMIDALE NSW 2351 AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV RES SCH SOCIAL SCI CTR ECON POLICY RES CANBERRA ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA

Comments on the article `Incorporating Risk Aversion into Dynamic programming models,' by J.A. Krautkraemer, G.C. van Kooten and D.J. Young, published in the November 1992 issue of the `American Journal of Agricultural Economics.' Distinction between intra- and interyear risk; Applicability of certainty equivalent method to agricultural problems.

关键词： Utility functions Expected utility Risk aversion Dynamic programming programming models Dynamic modeling Present value Soil water Objective functions Expected values

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REDUCED INTERPROCESSOR-COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON EM-4

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PARALLEL COMPUTING 1995年第5期21卷 753-769页

作者： SAKAI, S KODAMA, Y SATO, M SHAW, A MATSUOKA, H HIRONO, H OKAMOTO, K YOKOTA, T ELECTROTECH LAB DIV COMP SCITSUKUBAIBARAKI 305JAPAN MIT COMP SCI LABCAMBRIDGEMA 02139

One of the most significant issues in building general purpose massively parallel computers is the integration of computation and communication in an efficient and cost-effective manner. This paper presents a way of integrating computation and communication from the viewpoint of the processor architecture. Two statements will be presented and examined: (1) computation and communication should be tightly coupled and their operation should be highly overlapped;and (2) communication structure should be efficient and simple, i.e. turnaround from data input to execution should be as short as possible using a simplified message handling mechanism, Briefly we can say 'Fuse communication and computation, then reduce the fused structure as simple and efficient as possible'. The fused structure is called RICA, Reduced Interprocessor-Communication Architecture, in this paper, The word 'Reduced' here means the simplified structure of message handling, invocation of a new thread, computation and message generation. Based on the RICA design principles, the authors have developed the EM-series parallel computers, EM-4, EM-X and EM-5. This paper concentrates on the architecture and implementation of EM-4, whose first prototype has been fully operational since April 1990. The communication performance of EM-4 is comparable with its computation performance. These two primitives are efficiently and simply fused within the EM-4 architecture, i.e. a simple fused pipeline which performs message handling, instruction execution and packet output: message-handling time is two RISC clocks which is independent of executing processor instructions. This pipeline naturally includes a sequential RISC pipeline for executing local operations. Secondly this paper evaluates RICA by implementing on EM-4 several programming models generally considered 'effective' or 'promising'. The multi-threaded model, message passing model and data-parallel model have been implemented and a shared-memory model is be

关键词： MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTERS INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION EM-4 PROTOTYPE RICA (REDUCED INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE) programming models

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THE PROGRAMMERS PLAYGROUND - I/O ABSTRACTION FOR USER-CONFIGURABLE DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1995年第9期21卷 735-746页

作者： GOLDMAN, KJ SWAMINATHAN, B MCCARTNEY, TP ANDERSON, MD SETHURAMAN, R MICROSOFT CORP REDMOND WA 98052 USA

I/D abstraction is offered as a new high-level approach to interprocess communication. Functional components of a distributed system are written as encapsulated modules that act upon local data structures, some of which may be published for external use. Relationships among modules are specified by logical connections among their published data structures. Whenever a module updates published data, I/O takes place implicitly according to the configuration of logical connections. The Programmers' Playground, a software library and runtime system supporting I/O abstraction, is described. Design goals include the separation of communication from computation, dynamic reconfiguration of the communication structure, and the uniform treatment of discrete and continuous data types. Support for end-user configuration of distributed multimedia applications is the motivation for the work.

关键词： DISTRIBUTED programming ENVIRONMENTS DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS programming models DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS DYNAMIC RECONFIGURATION

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DISTRIBUTED-programming WITH LOGIC TUPLE SPACES

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NEW GENERATION COMPUTING 1994年第3期12卷 251-284页

作者： CIANCARINI, P 1. University of Bologna Piazza Porta S. Donato 5 40127 Bologna Italy

From the point of view of distributed programming one of the most interesting communication mechanisms is associative tuple matching in a shared dataspace, as exemplified in the Linda coordination language. Linda has been used as a coordination layer to parallelize several sequential programming languages, such as C and Scheme. In this paper we study the combination of Linda with a logic language, whose result is the language Extended Shared Prolog (ESP). We show that ESP is based on a new programming model called PoliS, that extends Linda with Multiple Tuple Spaces. A class of applications for ESP is discussed, introducing the concept of ''open multiple tuple spaces''. Finally, we show how the distributed implementation of ESP uses the network version of Linda's tuple space.

关键词： DISTRIBUTED programming programming models COORDINATION PROLOG programming ENVIRONMENT

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ADDING FAULT-TOLERANT TRANSACTION PROCESSING TO LINDA

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1994年第5期24卷 449-466页

作者： CANNON, SR DUNN, D Department of Computer Science Utah State University Logan Utah 84322–4205 U.S.A.

To simplify the difficult task of writing fault-tolerant parallel software, we implemented extensions to the basic functionality of the LINDA or tuple-space programming model. Our approach implements a mechanism of transaction processing to ensure that tuples are properly handled in the event of a node or communications failure. If a process retrieving a tuple fails to complete processing or a tuple posting or retrieval message is lost, the system is automatically rolled back to a previous stable state. Processing failures and lost messages are detected by time-out alarms. Roll-back is accomplished by reposting pertinent tuples. Intermediate tuples produced during partial processing are not committed or made available until a process completes. In the absence of faults, system overhead is low. The fault-tolerance mechanism is implemented at the system level and requires little programmer effort or expertise. Two implementations of the model are discussed, one using a UNIX network of workstations and one using a Transputer network. Data measuring model overhead and some aspects of system performance in the presence of faults is presented for an example system.

关键词： FAULT TOLERANCE LINDA RELIABILITY programming models

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Correct translation of data parallel assignment onto array processors

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Formal Aspects of Computing 1994年第4期6卷 417-439页

作者： Wray, J.P. Stewart, A. Department of Computer Science The Queen's University of Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN University Road United Kingdom

Two models of computation which are suitable for the description of parallel scientific calculations on large data structures are presented. Data parallel assignment is a construct which may be used to specify the application of a set of order independent fine grained operations to a regular data structure. It is formulated in a machine independent way and, consequently, is suitable for implementation on a range of novel parallel architectures. An operational model of data parallel computation is provided by specifying a model array processor. The specification captures the essential features of the class of array processors and it may be instantiated in order to define a particular machine. A formal operational semantics of data parallel assignment is given for the model array processor. The translation mechanism is shown to be correct. The exercise clarifies some of the issues in deciding whether or not it is feasible to translate data parallel assignment directly onto array processor architectures. © 1994 BCS.

关键词： Architectural models Array assignment Array processor Correct translation Data parallelism programming models

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