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Improved pv module model for dynamic and nonuniform climatic conditions in ISIS-proteus

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2025年第2期107卷 2369-2389页

作者： Ahmed Azi, Alaeddine Saigaa, Djamel Drif, Mahmoud Loukriz, Abdelouadoud Bendib, Ahmed Kichene, Moadh Mohamed KHIDER Univ Lab Modelisat Syst Energet LMSE BP 7000 Biskra Algeria Univ Mohamed Boudiaf Msila BP166 Msila 28000 Algeria Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene BP 32 El Alia Algiers 16111 Algeria Univ Blida Blida Algeria USTO MB Univ Dept Elect Engn Oran Algeria

Modeling and simulating photovoltaic (pv) cells or modules involve using mathematical and computational models to predict their behavior and performance under various conditions. This can include modeling the electrical characteristics of solar cells, as well as the interactions between multiple cells in a pv module. In ISIS-Proteus software, the existing research works have modeled the pv modules either by using a Proteus Spice model of the pv panel without including the effect of climatic conditions variation or by using pure mathematical relations that describe all physical and environmental parameters that lead to a static behavior. Therefore, this paper proposes a new improved ISIS-Proteus model of a pv cell/module for dynamic performance emulation under varying climatic conditions. The proposed model is designed based on the equivalent circuit of a five-parameter single-diode as an electrical part controlled by a numerical part that includes the mathematical expressions corresponding to each parameter. The designed model can capture the impact of solar irradiance and temperature on pv outputs, thereby enhancing real-world pv performance prediction. Also, it can effectively simulate the effect of the partial shading. To validate the accuracy of the proposed model, a comparative study is conducted evaluating the model's performance against pvsyst software models and real-world data brought from a large-scale grid-connected pv station in Ain El-Melh, Algeria. In this study, the simulation tests are carried out using ISIS-Proteus considering several pv module types and under various operating conditions, including uniform test conditions (UTCs) and partial shading conditions (PSCs). The findings, including I-V and P-V curves and several standard metrics, prove the proposed model's effectiveness in accurately predicting the behavior of pv modules under both UTCs and PSCs, aligning closely with real-world performance.

关键词： ISIS-Proteus software I-V curve Modeling Partial shading condition (PSC) pv module P-V curve

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Long-term outdoor testing of vortex generators for passive pv module cooling

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SOLAR ENERGY 2024年 275卷

作者： Zhou, Zibo Gentle, Angus Mohsenzadeh, Milad Jiang, Yajie Keevers, Mark Green, Martin UNSW Australia Fac Engn Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn Kensington NSW 2052 Australia

Reducing the operation temperature of photovoltaic (pv) modules will allow prolonging their service time and energy output. This work investigated a passive pv module cooling technique by attaching vortex generators (VGs) on the rear surface of pv modules. The rectangular wing VGs of size 2 x 3 cm, are made from aluminium sheet (Al VG) or 3D printed thermally conductive polymer (Poly VG). After ten months of data collection on an open rack system, we have gained insight into the wind speed- and direction-dependent performance of the Al and Poly VGs. The pronounced difference in thermal conductivity of the two materials helps distinguish cooling due to vortex generation, predominant at low wind speeds, from the heat sink effect, prevalent at higher wind speeds. Despite being optimised for free convection, both VGs demonstrated 1.5 degrees C of cooling under low wind and high irradiance, while Al VGs provided 2.5 degrees C of cooling under high module temperature and windy scenarios. Both VGs exhibit equivalent performance with south and west winds, indicating the dominance of the vortex generation mechanism. The module equipped with VGs exhibited an increase in convective heat transfer coefficient as evaluated by the thermal balance model.

关键词： Passive cooling pv module Vortex generators Outdoor testing Thermal analysis

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Enhancing the productivity of pv module using cooling method: Experimental and simulation investigation in Jordan

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SOLAR ENERGY 2025年 287卷

作者： Zureigat, Hamzah M. Qawasmeh, Bashar R. Univ Jordan Sch Engn Mech Engn Dept Amman 11942 Jordan

Photovoltaic (pv) module efficiency decreases as the module temperature increases. Cooling pv panels enhances efficiency by reducing resistive losses, improving carrier mobility, reducing thermal stress, and increasing fill factor. In this article, a forced water circulation method is introduced to cool the pv module results in lowering its temperature and consequently increasing module productivity. This method uses a copper pipe heat exchanger (HX) attached to the back side of the pv module with forced water circulation. This cooling method is passive, cheap, simple and effective configuration especially in large scale plants. An experimental approach was conducted using two identical pv modules, one cooled and the other is not, to investigate the impact of cooling process system on module productivity in Jerash City-Jordan weather conditions. Experiments were conducted over six consecutive days, and results were compared with TRNSYS software. It was found that our method of cooling the pv panels results in average temperature reduction of 4.62 degrees C that corresponds to 9.55%, average power enhancement of 8.08% and efficiency of 10.41%. TRNSYS simulated results confirms the experimental results trend with average power enhancement of 11.87% and efficiency of 10.05%. Experimental results demonstrated a significant increase in energy production, with the cooled module generating 377 Wh more electricity than the non-cooled module. The cooling system is feasible based on the productivity enhancement and prolonging the panels lifespan.

关键词： pv module Passive cooling Forced water circulation Heat exchanger TRNSYS

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Three dimensional numerical study of pv module cooling by using thermoelectric effects and nano-enhanced confined multiple slot jet impingement

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2024年 221卷

作者： Selimefendigil, Fatih Okulu, Damla Oztop, Hakan F. King Faisal Univ Coll Engn Dept Mech Engn Al Hasa 31982 Saudi Arabia Celal Bayar Univ Dept Mech Engn TR-45140 Manisa Turkiye Univ Sharjah Coll Engn Dept Mech & Nucl Engn Sharjah U Arab Emirates Fırat Univ Technol Fac Dept Mech Engn TR-23119 Elazig Turkiye China Med Univ China Med Univ Hosp Dept Med Res Taichung Taiwan

In this study, 3D numerical study of photovoltaic (pv) module cooling is analyzed by combined utilization of thermoelectric generator (TEG) and nano-enhanced slot jet impingement system. For the relevant parameters of interest, such as Reynolds number (between 10 and 100), nanoparticle loading (solid volume fraction between 0 and 0.02), non-dimensional vertical distance between the slots and upper plate (between 2.5 and 8), non-dimensional spacing between the slots (between 2.5 and 8), and cold NF inlet temperature (between 20oC and 30oC), finite element method is utilized. Using only TEG and nano-jet assisted cooling with TEG result in pv -cell temperature reduction by about 43.33oC and 69.55oC as compared to un-cooled pv module. It is observed that cell temperature decreases by about 2.4oC-2.9oC when considering the minimum and maximum Reynolds number cases. When nanoparticle loading is increased to 0.02, output TEG power rises while cell temperature decreases by about 0.75oC. When varying the vertical distance between the slot to the impinging surface, cell temperature changes up to 1.9oC while distance between the slots has very slight impact on the temperature variation. Decreasing the inlet fluid temperature by about 10oC decreases the cell temperature by about 8.5oC.

关键词： pv cooling Jet impingement Hybrid nanofluid Thermoelectric pv module Finite element method

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Experimental investigation for enhancing pv module energy performance using phase change material

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023年第30期30卷 76112-76121页

作者： Baissi, Mohamed Tahar Lebbi, Mohamed Boutina, Lyes Khelifa, Abdelkrim Touafek, Khaled URAER Ctr Dev Energies Renouvelables Unite Rech Appliquee Energies Renouvelables CDER Ghardaia 47133 Algeria Sci & Tech Res Ctr Arid Areas CRSTRA Biskra 07000 Algeria

The aim of this study is to enhance the energy performance of pv modules in the Ghardaia region of Algeria by using an additive PCM (CaCl2 center dot 6H(2)O). The experimental configuration is set up to provide efficient cooling by reducing the operating temperature of the pv module's rear surface. The pv module operating temperature, output power, and electrical efficiency for both cases with PCM and without PCM have been plotted and analyzed. In the experiments, it was found that using phase change materials improves the energy performance and output power of pv modules by reducing their operating temperature. In comparison to the pv-PCM module without PCM, the average operating temperature is reduced by up to 20 degrees C. Besides, pv modules with PCM have an average power of 46.11% higher than pv modules without PCM. The electrical efficiency of pv module with PCM is on average 6% higher than the configuration without PCM.

关键词： pv module Phase change material (PCM) Electric efficiency Energy performance pv module operating temperature

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Holistic design improvement of the pv module frame: Mechanical, optoelectrical, cost, and life cycle analysis

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PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS 2022年第8期30卷 1012-1022页

作者： Tummalieh, Ammar Beinert, Andreas J. Reichel, Christian Mittag, Max Neuhaus, Holger Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE Heidenhofstr 2 D-79110 Freiburg Germany Univ Freiburg Dept Microsyst Engn IMTEK Freiburg Germany

We present a holistic approach for the photovoltaic (pv) module frame improvement that considers mechanical, electrical, economic, and ecological aspects for different frame designs. In a comprehensive study, the approach is applied to exemplary pv module frame designs. The analyses performed in this study show a potential improvement path of the module frame design. This leads to an overall better module performance and helps finding the balance point between technical performance, cost, and environmental impact. Based on the results, the pv module frame design affects the aspects analyzed in this work differently. For the comparison, we defined reference frame design with 16 and 20 mm front and rear frame widths. The improvement is reached by unitizing the frame width for both sides to 18 mm and increasing its cavity width to 12 mm instead of 8.5 mm. Tuning the frame parameters in this way leads to the best balance point for frame designs in this study regarding all aspects. The mechanical finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that even a small change on the frame width has a significant influence on the stress within the solar cells. Compared with the reference frame, the optimized frame design shows 2.6% less deflection, which corresponds to around 0.7 mm. Cell-to-module (CTM) analysis shows that a bigger frame width lightly decreases the cover coupling power gain. Results show that increasing the front frame width from 16 to 20 mm reduces the module power by about 0.12 W-P. Findings of the cost of ownership (COO) analysis suggest that the optimized frame can save around 30 g aluminum which reduces the total module cost by 0.1%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results are directly correlated to the material mass of the corresponding design. Results show that using the optimized frame can save 0.8 kg CO2-eq/kW(P) due to the saving in aluminum compared with the reference frame.

关键词： COO CTM digital prototyping FEM simulation LCA mechanical stress module frame power pv module

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Impact of hailstorm on the performance of pv module: a review

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ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 2022年第1期44卷 1923-1944页

作者： Gupta, Vinay Sharma, Madhu Pachauri, Rupendra Babu, K. N. Dinesh Univ Petr & Energy Studies Sch Engn EED Dehra Dun 248007 India Manipal Univ Jaipur Elect Engn Dept Jaipur Rajasthan India Megger Grp Ltd Chennai Tamil Nadu India

The production of electrical energy from solar energy is increasing vastly from last decade because it gives an environment clean and limitless source of energy. There are numerous factors such as solar radiation, wind, dust, temperature, humidity, and hailstorm that influence the performance of pv module. Because of the increasing demand for solar energy, the safety of solar modules is more important than ever. The heavy hailstorm may damage the front glass surface and breakage solar cell. When cracks appear in front glass surface, it they reduces the sun-oriented radiation to enter specific on the solar cell. When cracks appear in a solar cell, the cell is fully isolated as a result current decreases. Hailstorm not only reduces the total power generation but also reduces the life of pv module. There are few researches on the impact of a hailstorm on the performance of pv module. The hailstorm reduces the output power and the life of the pv module, since the safety of the solar panel from the hailstorm is very necessary. This paper discusses in detail the formation of hailstorm and the impact of a hailstorm on the performance of pv module.

关键词： pv module hail formation hailstorm solar energy cracks

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Yield and Hot-Spot Analysis for Replacing Bypass Diodes with pv module-Integrated Microinverters

Yield and Hot-Spot Analysis for Replacing Bypass Diodes with...

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27th International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)

作者： Manthey, Tobias Graue, Janosch Kuehne, Philip Priebe, Jens Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Drive Syst & Power Elect Hannover Germany Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Solid State Phys Hannover Germany Univ Kassel Dept Power Elect Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387605;9798350387599

Photovoltaic modules with bypass diodes have been state of the art for years. In addition, optimizers or microinverters can be used as power electronics directly connected to the module to increase energy yield in certain installation scenarios. This paper addresses the replacement of bypass diodes with module-integrated power electronics while maintaining the protective function for the pv cells by means of a basic pv voltage measurement of a half cell photovoltaic module equipped with mono PERC cells in various irradiance and shading scenarios. A concluding comparison of the energy yield between a pv module with bypass diodes and the defined measures of the integrated hardware is presented.

关键词： pv module bypass diodes partial shading global irradiance hot spots pv microinverter

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Analytical modeling of reversible performance loss of pv modules and module arrays

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SOLAR ENERGY 2022年 239卷 375-387页

作者： Abenante, Luigi ENEA Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainable Via Anguillarese 301 I-00123 Rome Italy

A new analytical model for simulating the performance of pv modules and module arrays vs. time is presented, which includes reported functions for the performance loss due to module degradation and new functions for the performance loss due to performance-reducing events, which may be reversible through good operations and maintenance (O & M) practices and/or spontaneous natural processes. The new functions represent the novelty and main contribution of the present study. The proposed analytical model allows simulating both the fall in performance expected after performance-reducing events and the subsequent raise expected after removing the cause of performance-reducing events. Accurate continuous non-linear fits to reported experimental curves of performance vs. time of seven pv devices affected by various modes of reversible performance-reducing events validate the model. As applications, the pv-performance of real pv-devices is simulated in the case of absence, delay, anticipation, and schedule variation of O & M practices. The relevant loss or gain of pv-energy output is evaluated. Based on the continuous fits, reliable non-linear performance-loss rates can be determined. Model and results are discussed.

关键词： pv module pv-module array pv-performance loss Degradation modes Performance-loss rate Modeling Simulation

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75MW AC pv module Field Anomaly Detection Using Drone-Based IR Orthogonal Images With Res-CNN3 Detector

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 83711-83722页

作者： Masita, Katleho Hasan, Ali Shongwe, Thokozani Univ Johannesburg Elect & Elect Engn Sci Dept ZA-2006 Johannesburg South Africa Higher Coll Technol Dept Elect Engn Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

In recent years, the use of solar photovoltaic (pv) technologies for generating electricity has gained much popularity due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, reliability and the need to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution levels around the world in order to control and limit global climate change. Drone-based inspection of Solar Plants is an efficient method to perform preventative and corrective maintenance on the Solar pv arrays installed in large-scale grid-connected Solar pv Plants. Quite a few studies have been made in detecting pv module anomalies from these drone-captured thermal images. The main challenge that most of the applied techniques and models in these studies experience is the capability to detect and localize various pv module defects with high and consistent confidence scores and accuracy. The efficiency and robustness of anomaly detection of these models are also reduced when the testing image scales vary. In this article, we propose the Res-CNN3 framework for defective pv modules region object detection. Res-CNN3 follows a bipartite process for defect regions detection to process the thermal delta of a thermal pv module image using a combination of concatenated CNNs and residual networks to identify whether the thermal image is characteristic of defect regions or not. Logistic regression is employed as the loss function whist the Selective Search (SS) algorithm is utilized to predict the regions of interest (RoI) of the input thermal images for pv module defect regions object detection. Several categories of experiments are performed on the consolidated dataset. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the advanced benchmarked methods in accuracy and computing resource efficiency.

关键词： Inspection Feature extraction Deep learning Object detection Photovoltaic systems Drones Cameras Deep learning defects pv module solar drone

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