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Analysis and comparison of different pv array configurations under partial shading conditions

SOLAR ENERGY 2018年第Jan.期160卷 336-343页

作者： Bingol, Okan Ozkaya, Burcin Suleyman Demirel Univ Fac Technol Elect & Elect Engn Merkez Isparta Turkey

In the world, energy needs of people are met by fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels are getting depleted day by day and using of them causes negative effect on the environment. Moreover, energy demand of the world has increased in recent years. Hence, in order to meet the energy demand, especially solar or photovoltaic energy is widely used among the renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic cell directly convert solar energy into electricity. However, efficiency of photovoltaic cell is negatively affected by partial shading. Partial shading generally occurs on photovoltaic systems due to passing cloud, neighboring building, tree, etc. As a result of partial shading, produced power from photovoltaic system is less than the expected power value. One of the solutions of this problem is photovoltaic array configurations scheme. In this study, five different photovoltaic array configuration schemes: Series, Series-Parallel, Total-Cross-Tied, Bridged-Linked, and Honey-Comb, are carried out using 6 x 6 photovoltaic array under six different shading cases. Simulations of all shading cases are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In general, the obtained maximum power results under all partial shading cases show that Total-Cross-Tied configuration has the best performance according to other configurations. Furthermore, the obtained results have been compared in terms of shading loss, mismatch loss, and fill factor.

关键词： Photovoltaic energy pv array configurations Partial shading Power losses

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Effects of irradiance transition characteristics on the mismatch losses of different electrical pv array configurations

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IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION 2017年第2期11卷 247-253页

作者： Lappalainen, Kari Valkealahti, Seppo Tampere Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Tampere Finland

Photovoltaic (pv) systems are prone to irradiance fluctuations caused by overpassing cloud shadows which can be very large and steep. Cloud shadows have an average diameter of almost 1 km meaning that even the largest pv power plants are widely affected by them. Fast irradiance transitions can lead to failures in maximum power point tracking and to mismatch power losses due to partial shading of the pv generator. In this study, the effects of irradiance transition characteristics: shading strength, duration and apparent speed and direction of movement on the mismatch losses of pv generators were studied by simulations using a mathematical model of irradiance transitions and an experimentally verified MATLAB Simulink model of a pv module. The studied electrical pv array configurations were series-parallel, total-cross-tied and multi-string. Furthermore, three different physical shapes of the configurations were studied. On the basis of the results, module strings of pv arrays should be placed perpendicularly to the dominant apparent direction of movement of shadow edges and the diameter of the strings should be minimised to decrease the mismatch losses. Another finding of practical importance was that there were only minor differences between the mismatch losses of different electrical pv array configurations.

关键词： photovoltaic power systems maximum power point trackers irradiance transition characteristics pv array configurations cloud shadows irradiance fluctuations photovoltaic power plants power losses mismatch maximum power point tracking MPPT shading strength apparent speed mathematical model MATLAB Simulink model total-cross-tied string series-parallel string multistring shadow edges

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Power losses in pv arrays of field-aged modules

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MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY 2023年第1期147卷

作者： Affari, Belhadj Chekal Kahoul, Nabil Haouam, Abdeslam Cheghib, Hocine Necaibia, Ammar Younes, Mohammed Kherici, Zoubida Univ frere Mentouri Constantine 1 Lab Modelisat disposit energies renouvelables & na Constantine Algeria Univ Badji Mokhtar Lab Syst Electromecan LSELM Annaba Algeria Res Unit Renewable Energies Saharan Medium URERMS Adrar Algeria Univ frere Mentouri Constantine 1 Lab genie elect Constantine LGEC Constantine Algeria

Most of studies are focused mainly on performance degradation analysis of solar cell or categorizing pv failure modes concerning solely climate or cell-technology. However, the impact of degradation modules on output power of pv arrays remains somewhat unclear and has not been reported so far. Therefore, main task of the present work is to get a general view of mismatch effect on pv arrays output for aged panels. Photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics of the 10 individual modules at Research Unit in Renewable Energies in Saharan Medium were measured and recorded. Measurements are based on the analysis of mismatch losses due to series and parallel connection of aged pv modules. Degradation data and the analysis of the I-V characteristics indicate that the tested modules have suffered in the hot desert. Both of visual and electrical degradation data reaffirm the direct relation between observed physical degradation and output power drop. Results and analysis of the I-V characteristics and degradation data indicate that Power losses in crystalline pv modules are also due to mismatch in the I-V characteristics of these modules. The paper provides many findings that can be beneficial in further studies on design of aged pv array and development of a crystalline silicon pv module and can enable the manufacturers to prevent premature failure in desert climates.

关键词： pv module Electrical degradation I -V curves Output power Mismatch losses pv array configurations

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A review of pv array reconfiguration techniques for maximum power extraction under partial shading conditions

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OPTIK 2023年第1期275卷

作者： Sharma, Dushyant Jalil, Mohd Faisal Ansari, Mohammad Shariz Bansal, R. C. Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh India KIET Grp Inst Dept Elect & Elect Engn Delhi India Univ Sharjah Dept Elect Engn Sharjah U Arab Emirates Univ Pretoria Dept Elect Engn Pretoria South Africa

Partial shading is a significant obstacle to the effective use of photovoltaic (pv) systems because it reduces output power significantly. The output power reduction is not proportional to the shaded area but rather depends on the pv array configuration/reconfiguration and shadowing pattern. pv array reconfiguration is one of the most effective solutions for overcoming the adverse effects of partial shading in pv systems. The main objective of pv array reconfiguration strategies is to disperse shades consistently over the entire area of the pv array to reduce the adverse impact of partial shading situations. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the significant existing pv array reconfiguration methods used to address the problem of partial shading. The various methods are evaluated and compared based on their techniques, benefits, and drawbacks. This work is an interesting reference for researchers in the field and a simple guide for beginners on pv array reconfiguration.

关键词： pv array configurations Partial shading conditions Static reconfiguration Dynamic reconfiguration Shade dispersion Mismatch losses

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Optimal pv array Configuration for Extracting Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions by Mitigating Mismatching Power Losses

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 499-510页

作者： Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla Suresh Mikkili the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Goa403401India

The grid-connected or standalone pv central inverter architecture is comprised of several pv modules which are connected in different ways to form the pv *** power generation capability of the pv array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the pv array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the pv *** on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar pv array configurations under various partial shading *** performance of all pv configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading *** performance of the considered pv configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit *** above-mentioned pv configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.

关键词： Photo voltaic(pv) pv array configurations triple-tied(TT) maximum power point(MPP) partial shading mismatching power losses fill factor efficiency

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A Novel Benzene Structured array Configuration for Harnessing Maximum Power From pv array Under Partial Shading Condition With Reduced Number of Cross Ties

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 129712-129726页

作者： Saiprakash, Chidurala Mohapatra, Alivarani Nayak, Byamakesh Babu, Thanikanti Sudhakar Alhelou, Hassan Haes KIIT Deemed be Univ Sch Elect Engn Bhubaneswar 751024 India Chaitanya Bharathi Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad India Tishreen Univ Fac Mech & Elect Engn Dept Elect Power Engn Latakia Syria

Partial shading (PS) phenomena significantly degrade the power output from the photovoltaic (pv) array. Due to the PS effect, there is a mismatch in current between the pv modules of a series-connected pv string. As a result, in-shaded module power dissipates, resulting in increased module temperature and the creation of local hotspots. To avoid the hotspot effect, bypass diodes are connected anti-parallel to the pv modules. But the activation of bypass diodes creates multiple peaks in I-V and P-V characteristics. The effect of PS can be reduced by using a suitable array configuration and the performance of the pv array gets improved. Among all the existing pv array configurations, the total cross-tied (TCT) configuration performs better under partial shading conditions (PSCs). But the disadvantage of TCT is that it has an enormous number of tie connections, creating complexity in an array configuration and, therefore, more cable losses. The main objective of this paper is to propose a novel array configuration named benzene (BZ) configuration, which eliminates the demerits of the TCT array configuration. Benzene configuration has improved performance with fewer tie connections compared to conventional tie-connected configurations such as TCT, bridge link (BL), and honeycomb (HC). The performance of the tie-connected array configurations is analyzed under different PSCs by considering the various performance parameters such as global maximum power (GMP), the voltage at maximum power (Vmp), current at maximum power (Imp), mismatch loss (ML), shading loss (SL), fill factor (FF) and performance ratio. It is observed that the proposed benzene array configuration gives better output performance, even having lower mismatch losses with a reduced amount of tie connections. Further, the effect of the bypass diode on a partially shaded pv string is investigated through MATLAB Simulation and experimental analysis.

关键词： pv array configurations benzene array configuration maximum output power fill factor (FF) shading loss (SL) mismatch loss (ML) partial shading condition (PSC)

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Modeling and experimental validation of matrix structure photovoltaic array reconfiguration technique to harvest maximum power under continuous dynamic shading condition

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OPTIK 2022年 271卷

作者： Anjum, Shahroz Khan, Mohd Alamgir Bodha, Kapil Deo Ahluwalia, Divya Indian Inst Technol Indian Sch Mines Dept Elect Engn Dhanbad Jharkhand India Galgotias Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Greater Noida India Galgotias Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Greater Noida India Univ Petr & Energy Studies Dept Math Appl Sci Cluster Dehra Dun Uttaranchal India

This paper puts forth an analysis about the effects of continuous dynamic shading scenarios upon various photovoltaic (pv) array configurations. The detailed examination documents the extent of mismatch power losses (MPLs) that creep in pv arrays (pvAs) due to non-uniform solar irradi-ations. Along with MPLs, these partial shading conditions (PSCs) are also responsible for non -linearity and multiple local maximum power points on the P-V and the I-V characteristics. These examinations propose for an optimal pvA design to draw the maximum power from the pvA upon exposure to partial irradiance. A novel static reconfiguration-based matrix structure (MS) pvA and two new conventional pvAs such as alternative bridge link and short cross tied are proposed in this paper. Comparisons are also made between the proposed pvAs and conventional pvAs like bridge link, series parallel, total cross tied and honeycomb. These pvAs are examined under dynamic shading and the comparisons are drawn for MPLs, P-V curves and % fill factors (FFs). Experimental Test workbench and MATLAB/Simulink environment is adopted for vali-dating all the pvA configurations (pvACs) under consideration. Among the analysed configura-tions, the MS pvAC have lesser MPLs and better % FF under continuous PSCs and, thus, found to be the superior configuration.

关键词： Partial shading Fill factor Global maximum power Mismatch power loss Photovoltaic pv array configurations

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Numerical modeling, simulation and evaluation of conventional and hybrid photovoltaic modules interconnection configurations under partial shading conditions

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EPJ PHOTOVOLTAICS 2022年 13卷 10-10页

作者： Saeed, Faisal Tauqeer, Haider Ali Gelani, Hasan Erteza Yousuf, Muhammad Hassan Idrees, Asad Lahore Univ Management Sci LUMS Dept Elect Engn SBASSE Lahore 54792 Punjab Pakistan Univ Engn & Technol Lahore Dept Elect Engn Faisalabad Campus Faisalabad 38000 Punjab Pakistan Univ Engn & Technol Lahore Dept Elect Engn Lahore 54890 Punjab Pakistan

Partial shading on solar photovoltaic (pv) arrays is a prevalent problem in photovoltaic systems that impair the performance of pv modules and is responsible for reduced power output as compared to that in standard irradiance conditions thereby resulting in the appearance of multiple maximas on panel output power characteristics. These maxims contribute to mismatch power losses among pv modules. The mismatch losses depend on shading characteristics together with different interconnected configuration schemes of pv modules. The research presents a comparative analysis of partial shading effects on a 4 x 4 pv array system connected in series (S), parallel (P), serries-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), central-cross-tied (CCT), bridge-linked (BL), bridge-linked total cross-tied (BLTCT), honey-comb (HC), honey-comb total-cross-tied (HCTCT) and ladder (LD) configurations using MATLAB/Simulink. The pv module SPR-X20-250-BLK was used for modeling and simulation analysis. Each module is comprised of 72 number of pv cells and a combination of 16 pv modules was employed for the contextual analysis. Accurate mathematical modeling for the HCTCT configuration under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is provided for the first time and is verified from the simulation. The different configuration schemes were investigated under short-narrow, short-wide, long-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, entire row distribution, and entire column distribution partial shading condition patterns with mathematical implementation and simulation of passing clouds. The performance of array configurations is compared in terms of maximum power generated (P-mp), mismatch power loss (Delta P-ml), relative power loss (P-rl) and the fill factor (FF). It was inferred that on average, TCT configuration yielded maximum power generation under all shading patterns among all pv modules interconnection configurations with minimum mismatch power losses followed by hybrid and conventional pv array configurations res

关键词： pv array configurations partial shading conditions performance assessment maximum power generation mismatch power loss relative power loss fill factor

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Addition Progression Structure Photovoltaic array Reconfiguration Technique to Generate Maximum Power under Static Partial Shading Condition

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ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022年第11期47卷 14105-14118页

作者： Anjum, Shahroz Mukherjee, V Mehta, Gitanjali Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Indian Sch Mines Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India Galgotias Univ Dept Elect Engn Greater Noida 201310 India

Cases of partial shading cause unwanted effects on the output produced by the solar photovoltaic (pv). This is due to the fact that some modules in the array are covered by shade while others in the same array are not so. As a direct result of this phenomenon, multiple peaks arise in the P-V characteristics of the pv array (pvA) along with sudden and severe row current changes. Both of these impede the performance of pvAs. This paper involves four new approaches i.e. half-bridge link (HBL), half total cross tied (TCT) (HTCT), short arrangement alternative return, and addition progression structure (APS) pattern. In the APS pvA, the reconfiguration of classical TCT modules is done as per the APS puzzle pattern. The APS technique relocates the modules in the array without changing the electrical connections. The maximum output power, mismatch power loss, and fill factor of bridge link, series-parallel, TCT, honeycomb, HTCT, and HBL are compared with APS to analyse the performance of the reconfiguration technique proposed in this paper. The results establish the efficacy of the proposed APS method as it outperforms the conventional approaches deemed to be the most effective. The proposed APS topology provides a maximum reduction of 38.36% in mismatch power loss, and 1.62 more fill factor as compared to benchmark TCT configuration.

关键词： Fill factor Mismatch power loss Partial shading Photovoltaic pv array configurations Total cross tied (TCT)

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A Novel Triple-tied-cross-linked pv array Configuration with Reduced Number of Cross-ties to Extract Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第3期7卷 567-581页

作者： Tejavathu Ramesh Kandipati Rajani Anup Kumar Panda Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology Andhra PradeshIndia

Partial shadings cause output power reduction from Photovoltaic(pv)arrays due to mismatch *** selection of pv array configurations play a vital role in maximum power *** paper proposes a novel Triple-Tied-Cross-Linked(T-T-C-L)configuration to extract maximum power with a lesser number of cross ties than a Total-Cross-Tied(T-C-T)*** performance of the proposed T-T-C-L configuration has been compared with various conventional pv array configurations,such as Series(S),Parallel(P),Series-Parallel(S-P),Bridge-Link(B-L),Honey-Comb(H-C),and T-C-T under Partial Shading Conditions(PSCs)by considering the 9×9 pv *** PSCs considered are uneven row,column,diagonal,random,short&narrow,short&wide,long&narrow,long&wide shadings and uniform half module *** measures,such as open circuit voltage,short circuit current,maximum power,voltages and currents at maximum power,mismatch losses,fill factor and efficiency have been used for performance analysis of various *** the results,it can be concluded that the performance of the proposed T-T-C-L configuration is optimal compared to other configurations.

关键词： Efficiency fill factor maximum power point mismatch losses partial shading conditions pv array configurations triple-tied-cross-linked

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