Introduction: The key to a successful analysis of a pacemaker electrocardiogram (ECG) is the application of the systematic approach used for any other ECG without a pacemaker: analysis of (1) basic rhythm and rate, (2...
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pacemakers though technologically complex are fundamentally simple once an understanding of the components and language is achieved. This review aims to provide that knowledge to reassure the clinician over a device t...
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Since the development of an atrial pacing algorithm for preventing atrial fibrillation (AF), approximately 20 years ago, many clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of atrial pacing with respect to AF pre...
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Since the development of an atrial pacing algorithm for preventing atrial fibrillation (AF), approximately 20 years ago, many clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of atrial pacing with respect to AF prevention. Nevertheless, the actual effectiveness of AF suppression via atrial pacing remains under debate, and no definitive conclusion has been reached. The AF suppression algorithms embedded in pacemakers have not demonstrated an unequivocal clinical efficacy that would support changing of the guidelines to recommend such algorithms. In this review of studies conducted since 2006, we discuss the efficacies of these AF suppression algorithms and their usefulness in patients requiring pacemaker implantation. (C) 2014 Japanese Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The process of reprogramming a cardiac pacemaker can be described in terms similar to those used for describing diagnostic problem solving. In this paper, the process of reprogramming a pacemaker is formalised as a sp...
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The process of reprogramming a cardiac pacemaker can be described in terms similar to those used for describing diagnostic problem solving. In this paper, the process of reprogramming a pacemaker is formalised as a special form of abductive diagnostic reasoning, where observable findings are interpreted with respect to results obtained from diagnostic tests. The dynamics of this process is cast as a diagnostic strategy, where information is gathered in a structured fashion. This abductive theory of pacemaker reprogramming has been used as the basis for an actual system that in its present form is capable of assisting cardiologists in dealing with problems in atrial sensing and pacing. The performance of the system has been evaluated using data from actual patients. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Electromagnetic signals coming from the pacemaker programmer can permanently damage multiprogrammable pacemakers. At a follow-up of a sixfold programmable VVI pacemaker (Phoenix 251-6, Pacesetter), the emergency VVI b...
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Electromagnetic signals coming from the pacemaker programmer can permanently damage multiprogrammable pacemakers. At a follow-up of a sixfold programmable VVI pacemaker (Phoenix 251-6, Pacesetter), the emergency VVI button was activated on the programmer after the programming of the pacing impulse had induced a loss of capture. The next telemetrical interrogation revealed an alteration to a threefold programmable Programmalith III. The inadvertent programming of the model number occurred, because the programming head was removed at one very specific time in the programming sequence of the emergency VVI command.
Proper programming of pacemakers for dogs in the rate adaptive mode requires an understanding of the rate requirements for each individual and the interplay of programmable features. The specific advantages and disadv...
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Proper programming of pacemakers for dogs in the rate adaptive mode requires an understanding of the rate requirements for each individual and the interplay of programmable features. The specific advantages and disadvantages of the rate adaptive mode should be considered on a case by case basis. Fundamentally, two components are linked in the implementation of rate adaptive pacing: (1) sensing the need for a change in rate and(2) responding with the appropriate alteration in pacing rate. The programming interaction of these two components are interdependent and affected by the rates programmed. These features may be adjusted manually or automatically. In this review (Part 2 of a two-part review) the considerations required to program each aspect that optimizes the pacing rate profile are reviewed. These include the lower rate, upper sensor rate, activities of daily life rate, sensor threshold, acceleration and deceleration, slope, activities of daily life zone, exertion zone, automatic versus manual adjustments and closed loop stimulation. The programming features of pacemakers manufactured by three companies are summarized (Abbott, formerly St. Jude;Biotronik/Dextronix;Medtronic). Means of assessing the success of pacemaker programing is examined through examples of pacemaker data, Holter analysis, Poincare plots and tachograms. Finally, the questions and considerations for rate adaptive pacing in dogs that demand investigation are proposed. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Determining ideal pacing rates to meet physiological needs and optimizing programming to prevent unnecessary right ventricular pacing in dogs requires an understanding of heart rate profiles and applicable pacing tech...
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Determining ideal pacing rates to meet physiological needs and optimizing programming to prevent unnecessary right ventricular pacing in dogs requires an understanding of heart rate profiles and applicable pacing technology. The heart rate and rhythm of the dog is complex necessitating investigation of rate requirements of activity and circadian influences. Overlaying this information are a multiplicity of other factors such as age, breed, temperament, cardiovascular disease and underlining rhythm disorders that contribute to the difficulty in making general conclusions. However, all such information permits better implementation of programming options with the goal of better outcomes. In this review (Part 1 of a two-part review) instantaneous heart rate, rolling average heart rate, simple average heart rate, heart rate tachograms, RR interval tachograms (2D, 3D and dynamic), and Poincar & eacute;plots (2D, 3D and dynamic) are discussed as they apply to decisions in the determination and examination of pacing rates for dogs programmed in the VVI pacing mode (Ventricular paced, Ventricular sensed, Inhibited pacing). The applicable pacing operations available for three pacemaker companies are reviewed (Abbott, Biotronik/Dextronix, and Medtronic). The programmable options considered include: slowest pacing rate without additional features to extend the pacing interval, sleep/rest rate preferences, hysteresis to lengthen pacing interval following intrinsic beats, and intermittent increases in pacing following abrupt loss of intrinsic rhythm. Recommendations are suggested for follow-up of individual dogs with examination of pacing statistics and Holter monitoring. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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