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Grouped packet coding: A Method for Reliable Communication Over Fading Channels With Long Delays

IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING 2019年第4期44卷 1253-1263页

作者： Ahmed, Rameez Stojanovic, Milica Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

In this paper, we investigate an automatic repeat request (ARQ) for reliable transmission over half-duplex links. We design a method based on grouped packet coding (GPC) that combines a stop-and-wait (S&W) ARQ procedure with random linear packet coding and selective acknowledgments applied to groups of coded packets. Our goal in doing so is to boost the throughput efficiency on poor-quality links with long delay. Such links are notably encountered in underwater acoustic channels, where the bit error rate may be as high as 10(-3) and round-trip delays can be measured in thousands of bits. To quantify the benefits of the proposed S&W-GPC method, we evaluate its throughput efficiency analytically and compare it with the throughput efficiency of standard S&W methods, as well as the benchmark efficiency of full-duplex methods. Our results show that S&W-GPC outperforms all other techniques on half-duplex links with long delay, as well as rateless packet coding on full-duplex links with long delay. We present results for a point-to-point link, as well as for a multicast network. In addition to the performance analysis, we offer guidelines for an optimal system design, which involves a judicious choice of the packet size, packet coding, and grouping parameters.

关键词： Underwater communication packet coding ARQ half-duple

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Joint Power and Rate Control for packet coding Over Fading Channels

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IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING 2017年第3期42卷 697-710页

作者： Ahmed, Rameez Stojanovic, Milica Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

We consider random linear packet coding for fading channels with long propagation delays, such as underwater acoustic channels. We propose a scheme in which the number of coded packets to transmit is determined to achieve a prespecified outage/reliability criterion and investigate joint power and rate control with constrained resources. Using the channel state information that is obtained via feedback from the receiver, the transmitter adjusts its power and the number of coded packets so that the average energy per successfully transmitted bit of information is minimized. Two optimization constraints are imposed: 1) the transmit power should not exceed a maximum level;and 2) the number of coded packets should not exceed a maximum value dictated by the desired throughput and delay. We further extend the results to take into account the effect of inevitable channel estimation errors, and consider the case in which the transmitter has only an estimate of the channel gain. We design adaptation policies for such a case based on minimum mean square error(MMSE) channel estimation, taking into account the effect of channel estimation errors in an optimal manner to satisfy the required outage/reliability criterion. Finally, we compare the proposed technique to standard automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols for underwater communications in terms of the throughput efficiency. Analytical results show that substantial energy savings and improvements in throughput efficiency are available from adaptive power/rate control. We also present experimental results obtained using channel gains measured during the Surface Process Acoustic Communication Experiment (SPACE-08), an at-sea underwater experiment conducted off the coast of Martha's Vineyard in fall 2008.

关键词： packet coding power and rate control underwater communication

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Physical Layer packet coding: Inter-block Cooperative coding for 5G 83

Physical Layer Packet Coding: Inter-block Cooperative Coding...

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IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

作者： Xu, Jun Wang, Dongming Xu, Jin Xu, Xiaomei Li, Liguang You, Xiaohu Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Comm Res Lab Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China ZTE Corp Wireless Prod Operat Wireless Prod R&D Inst Algorithm Dept Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016983

5G sets stringent requirement on delay, which means large packets have to be segmented into shorter ones. However, the gain of turbo coding can be severely degraded due to short code size. In this paper, a novel coding and encoding scheme is proposed to obtain high coding gain under short size. The idea is to encode multiple short code blocks cooperatively to obtain a long code size. In the process of encoding, an XOR operation is conducted on certain parts of previously encoded blocks to introduce correlation. The mechanism of successive interference cancelation (SIC) receiver is applied in the decoding procedure and each code block utilizes the extrinsic information from the correlated parts from other code blocks. The scheme incurs no extra delays at reduced complexity. Simulation results show the scheme can yield equivalent or better performance than using traditional turbo code on long code block.

关键词： packet coding cooperative coding physical layer single parity code min-sum algorithm iterative decode

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Physical Layer packet coding: Inter-block Cooperative coding for 5G

Physical Layer Packet Coding: Inter-block Cooperative Coding...

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IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

作者： Jun Xu Dongming Wang Jin Xu Xiaomei Xu Liguang Li Xiaohu You Algorithm Dept Wireless Product R & D Institute Wireless Product Operation ZTE Corp National Mobile Comm. Research Lab. Southeast Univ.

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016990

关键词： packet coding Cooperative coding Physical layer Single parity code Min-sum algorithm Iterative decode Physical layer coding turbo codes long code 5G mobile communication exclusive-OR function Codes coding systems packet coding gain

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coding and Decoding packet in a Multicast Network: Programming Test

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IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS 2018年第2期16卷 598-603页

作者： Marquez, J. Gutierrez, I. Univ Norte Comp Sci Barranquilla Colombia Univ Norte Barranquilla Colombia

With the gestation and evolution of the Network coding paradigm and its application on multicast networks, there is a tendency to increase the network performance, by sending multiple packets simultaneously to multiple destinations from a source node. Using the concepts to explain the Multicast Linear Network coding (LNC) on symbols belonging to finite field F-2, a program is presented to obtain to the level of each of the intermediate links in the network, the packets size m-bits belonging to a finite field F-q, where q = 2(m), for any value of m and, in the sink nodes, the original packets sent from the source node. The importance of this work is to propose a technique based on LNC that facilitates, in a multicast session, how to encode data packets in the source node and decode them in the sink nodes regardless of their size in bits.

关键词： multicast network coding packet coding router algorithm

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Improving packet Delivery Ratio in Wireless Sensor Network with Multi Factor Strategies

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2021年第5期12卷 627-634页

作者： Rao, Venkateswara M. Malladi, Srinivas KoneruLakshmaiah Educ Fdn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh India

In the design of wireless sensor network (WSN), packet delivery ratio is an import parameter to be maximized. In existing schemes, a secure zone-based routing protocol was implemented for life time improvement in WSNs. In multi - hop communication, a new routing criterion was formulated for packet transmission. Security against message tampering, dropping and flooding attacks was incorporated in the routing metric. The approach skipped risky zones as a whole from routing and chooses alternative path to route a packet in secured manner with less energy consumption. Though energy conservation and attack resilience are achieved, congestion in WSN is increased and because of it packet delivery ratio is diminished. To address this problem, we propose a solution to improve the packet delivery ratio with a multi factor strategies involving routing, differentiation of flows, flow-based congestion control with retransmission and redundant packet coding. Detailed analysis and simulations are undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of the contemplated work compared to the existing solutions.

关键词： Multi factor strategies novel routing metric packet coding packet delivery ratio

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Random Linear packet coding For Fading Channels

Random Linear Packet Coding For Fading Channels

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MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference

作者： Ahmed, Rameez Stojanovic, Milica Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02141 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780933957404

Random linear packet coding is considered for use over underwater acoustic channels where long delays challenge the efficiency of standard ARQ. Adaptive power control and rate control are explored to overcome the effect of fading, while minimizing the average energy per successfully transmitted bit of information. Two extreme scenarios are considered: independent fading where the channel varies independently from one data packet to the next, and block fading where the channel stays fixed over a block of packets. For the case of block fading, we design a power (rate) adaptation strategy under an outage criterion. We show that there exists an optimal transmission power (number of coded packets) for which the average energy per bit is minimized. Finally, we quantify the benefits of adaptive power (rate) control using real channel data recorded over a mobile link in the 10kHz acoustic band. These results show that energy savings are available from adaptive power (rate) control strategies.

关键词： packet coding Underwater Fading Power Control Rate Control

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Random Linear packet coding For High Speed Acoustic Communication: An Experimental Analysis

Random Linear Packet Coding For High Speed Acoustic Communic...

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OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference

作者： Ahmed, Rameez Ahmed Rasheed Stojanovic, Milica Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02141 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457720918

This work focuses on random linear packet coding as an efficient method for reliable high-speed underwater communications over acoustic links with long delay. The transmitter sends coded packets with a pre-determined redundancy over a simplex link with no feedback. The receiver checks each received packet, discarding packets with errors, until the necessary degrees of freedom for successful decoding have been achieved. Each coded packet is modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) for transmission over an acoustic channel. Differentially coherent detection is employed at the receiver for symbol detection. We focus on an experimental analysis using an in-air testbed and verifying the results with signals transmitted during an experiment conducted off the coast of Kauai, HI, in July 2011.

关键词： packet coding Underwater OFDM

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Routing, Network coding and TCP Support for Wideband HF Communications

Routing, Network Coding and TCP Support for Wideband HF Comm...

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IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)

作者： Erpek, Tugba Sagduyu, Yalin E. Shi, Yi Costa, Maice Davaslioglu, Kemal Han, Hao Fayette, Daniel Johnson, Eric Bentley, Elizabeth Banner, Clif Intelligent Automat Inc Rockville MD 20878 USA New Mexico State Univ Las Cruces NM 88003 USA US Air Force Res Lab RITF Rome NY 13441 USA AFLCMC HNAA Hanscom AFB MA 01731 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538671856

High frequency (HF) communications provide beyond line-of-sight (BLoS) links for robust and reliable delivery of critical messages over long distances. HF communications suffer from low data rates and are susceptible to highly dynamic HF channel effects. Wideband HF (WBHF) communication technologies aim to support higher throughput rates that can be achieved with higher bandwidth. While there has been progress in the design of WBHF technologies at the physical layer, there is a lack of network and transport layer solutions that can support WBHF communications with improved end-to-end network performance in terms of throughput, reliability, delay, and overhead. First, a high-fidelity WBHF network simulator is presented to implement, test, and evaluate network protocols under realistic HF channel conditions that show unique characteristics compared to other spectrum bands. The WBHF network simulator runs real packet traffic with the real network protocol stack on virtual HF radios. The integrated HF channel simulator models long, intermediate, and short time-scale HF channel effects. Second, routing is combined with packet-level coding to support reliable communications for unicast and multicast traffic while limiting the need for end-to-end feedback messages. To support interoperability with transmission control protocol (TCP) applications, a performance-enhancing proxy (PEP) is used to improve the throughput achieved with TCP for WBHF communications. These network solutions are evaluated with the high-fidelity WBHF network simulator and their feasibility to improve the WBHF network performance is demonstrated.

关键词： HF communications WBHF network simulator routing packet coding TPC PEP multicast

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TESTING AND DEFENDING METHODS AGAINST DOS ATTACK IN STATE ESTIMATION

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL 2017年第4期19卷 1295-1305页

作者： Zhang, Heng Qi, Yifei Zhou, Huan Zhang, Jian Sun, Jing Huaihai Inst Technol Sch Sci Lianyungang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China China Three Gorges Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Yichang Peoples R China Huaihai Inst Technol Sch Comp Engn Lianyungang Peoples R China

In this paper, we consider a state estimation problem. In this problem, a sensor measures the state of a linear discrete-time system and sends measurements to an estimator via a packet-dropping communication link. We are concerned with the effect of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on stability of the estimation system, and particularly focus on how to examine whether the communication channel is under DoS attack or not as well as how to defend accordingly, if defense is possible. We formulate the detection problem as a hypothesis testing problem provided that the statistics of the communication channel is known a priori. Two defense countermeasures are proposed: one of which uses a secured packet coding approach to partly compensate the previous packet loss;and in the other the sensor's transmission power is raised to resist the jamming effect brought by the DoS attack. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the main results.

关键词： State estimation DoS attack intrusion detection packet coding

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