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"I remember how to do it": exploring upper elementary students' collaborative regulation while pair programming using epistemic network analysis

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COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION 2023年第3期33卷 429-457页

作者： Vandenberg, Jessica Lynch, Collin Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth Wiebe, Eric North Carolina State Univ Dept Comp Sci Raleigh NC 27695 USA Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL USA North Carolina State Univ Dept Stem Educ Raleigh NC USA

Background and Context: Students' self-efficacy toward computing affect their participation in related tasks and courses. Self-efficacy is likely influenced by students' initial experiences and exposure to computer science (CS) activities. Moreover, student interest in a subject likely informs their ability to effectively regulate their learning in that domain. One way to enhance interest in CS is through using collaborative pair programming. Objective: We wanted to explore upper elementary students' self-efficacy for and conceptual understanding of CS as manifest in collaborative and regulated discourse during pair programming. Method: We implemented a five-week CS intervention with 4th and 5th grade students and collected self-report data on students' CS attitudes and conceptual understanding, as well as transcripts of dyads talking while problem solving on a pair programming task. Findings: The students' self-report data, organized by dyad, fell into three categories based on the dyad's CS self-efficacy and conceptual understanding scores. Findings from within- and cross-case analyses revealed a range of ways the dyads' self-efficacy and CS conceptual understanding affected their collaborative and regulated discourse.

关键词： Elementary school pair programming attitudes self-efficacy academic regulation

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An Analysis of the Collaborative Aspects of pair programming Support Tools: A Systematic Literature Mapping 18

An Analysis of the Collaborative Aspects of Pair Programming...

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14th Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (SBSI)

作者： de Lima, Joao Carlos Costa Seixas, Bruno Henrique Paolillo, Marcelo Nunes Kemczinski, Avanilde PPGCA Univ Estado Santa Catarina Joinville SC Brazil BCC DCC Univ Estado Santa Catarina Joinville SC Brazil PPGCA PPGECMT Univ Estado Santa Joinville SC Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450365598

This article carried out a systematic mapping of the literature, observing the collaborative aspects of the tools of Support to pair programming (PP). He analyzed the resources of these tools regarding the support of the PP process, also verified the metrics used by the studies to evaluate these tools. From the human point of view, he analyzed how the formation of the pair relates to the aspects of progress, performance and satisfaction of the peers in the application of PP. To perform the systematic mapping, the model proposed by Pettersen was used. After applying the mapping we identified the tools most evaluated by the studies and the resources available in them, we identified gaps regarding the feedback to the pair and the mediator of the PP process. It was also identified that specific tools are used to support the teaching and learning process using PP, and we identified that these tools have few communication, coordination and cooperation resources.

关键词： pair programming Tools Collaboration Feedback CSCL Systematic Mapping

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Analyzing the cost and benefit of pair programming 9

Analyzing the cost and benefit of pair programming

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9th International Software Metrics Symposium

作者： Padberg, F Müller, MM Univ Karlsruhe Fak Informat Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769519873

We use a combination of metrics to understand, model, and evaluate the impact of pair programming on software development. pair programming is a core technique in the hot process paradigm of Extreme programming. At the expense of increased personnel cost, pair programming aims at increasing both the team productivity and the code quality as compared to conventional development. In order to evaluate pair programming, we use metrics from three different categories: process metrics such as the pair speed advantage of pair programming;product metrics such as the module breakdown structure of the software;and project context metrics such as the market pressure. The pair speed advantage is a metric tailored to pair programming and measures how much faster a pair of programmers completes programming tasks as compared to a single developer. We integrate the various metrics using an economic model for the business value of a development project. The model is based on the standard concept of net present value. If the market pressure is strong, the faster time to market of pair programming can balance the increased personnel cost. For a realistic sample project, we analyze the complex interplay between the various metrics integrated in our model. We study for which combinations of the market pressure and pair speed advantage the value of the pair programming project exceeds the value of the corresponding conventional project. When time to market is the decisive factor and programmer pairs are much faster than single developers, pair programming can increase the value of a project, but there also are realistic scenarios where the opposite is true. Such results clearly show that we must consider metrics from different categories in combination to assess the cost-benefit relation of pair programming.

关键词： pair programming net present value cost-benefit analysis extreme programming

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Mob programming and Simultaneous Style pair programming in the Development of a Battle Royale Game: An Action Research 10th

Mob Programming and Simultaneous Style Pair Programming in t...

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10th Brazilian Workshop on Agile Methods (WBMA)

作者： Kattan, Herez Moise Univ Sao Paulo IME USP Inst Math & Stat Dept Comp Sci Sao Paulo SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030367008;9783030367015

This paper is an Action Research about adopting Mob programming and Simultaneous Style pair programming to develop a battle royale game called Pirate Ship Battles. Mob programming helps the developers to learn an open-source framework for games called Phaser and another one called Jest to automatization of the tests. The following are two examples of insights that occurred respectively in the first and third cycles of action research. The team collaboratively agreed to start by learning in a Mob programming doing the infra-structure to the tests and also to deepen the knowledge about Phaser should help in the next parts of the project. Another example of insight occurred in the third cycle of this action research is about testing activity, fixing the bugs, was observed funnier comparing with testing alone. The team reported it was funnier testing altogether, when a mistake happens to run new code, everybody paying attention to the projector on the fault, a ready joke. Perhaps, because they are friends and the project is a game. Another possible explanation about our experience of funnier testing activity in a Mob programming compared to testing alone is that we humans are social beings. Concluding, the source code of the game is of excellent quality as evaluated by CodeClimate by classifying it with grade A, the developers enjoyed, and both approaches increased the learnings.

关键词： Collaboration in software development Agile practice programming teams programming technique Mob programming pair programming Simultaneous Style pair programming Collaborative problem solving Social-technical system Action research

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An initial framework for research on pair programming

An initial framework for research on pair programming

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International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering

作者： Gallis, H Arisholm, E Dybå, T Simula Res. Lab. Lysaker Norway SINTEF Telecom and Informatics Norway

ISBN: (纸本)0769520022

In recent years, several claims have been put forward in favour of pair programming, as opposed to individual programming. However, results from existing studies on pair programming contain apparent contradictions. The differences in the context in which the studies were conducted may be one explanation for such results. This paper presents an initial framework for research on pair programming. The aim is to support empirical studies and meta-analysis for developing theories about pair programming. The framework is based on (1) existing studies on pair programming, (2) ongoing studies by the authors, and (3) theories from group dynamics.

关键词： empirical software engineering research methods pair programming partner programming team collocation collaboration group dynamics

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Test-Driven Roles for pair programming

Test-Driven Roles for Pair Programming

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ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE)

作者： Goldman, Max Miller, Robert C. MIT CSAIL 32 Vassar St Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605589664

The driver/navigator model of pair programming needs to be revised. We propose a model of programming in pairs where roles are based on test-driven development. Each programmer uses a different view of a shared development environment. One member of the pair writes tests, while the other implements the system. The programmers can cooperate as needed and move between different collaboration modalities. As part of a user-centered design process, we built a prototype web-based collaborative development environment for test-driven pair programming and ran a user study with professional software developers to evaluate the idea and identify research challenges. We used existing vocabularies and developed two novel visualizations to analyze the data, and found that the approach is feasible.

关键词： pair programming test-driven development visualizations

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The Analysis of Matching Learners in pair programming Using K-Means 5

The Analysis of Matching Learners in Pair Programming Using ...

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5th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Aottiwerch, Naladtaporn Kokaew, Urachart Khon Kaen Univ Dept Comp Sci Khon Kaen Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781538657485

programming is one of the educational fields that people of digital era have been taking a particular interest in. However, there has still been a shortage of programmer in the labor market as the majority of the graduates were relatively under par. This can be solved by accelerating the educational development to ensure learners are equipped with better quality. For the addressed problem, this study developed a matching system for pair programming. pair programming theory believes that when an expert is paired with a beginner, it accelerates the beginner to progress more efficiently as oppose to coding alone. Nonetheless, the theory did not address the issue of programmer behavior, which is another important aspect in programming. Therefore, the study additionally employed k-means clustering to create a new cluster of programmers based on their common behaviors. This involved variables like programming competency (represented by A), learning behavior (represented by B), and behavioral interoperability (represented by C). The study employed a questionnaire based on a basic programmer test, the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory theory, and the Seven Synergistic Behaviors of pair programming theory. The analyzed data comprised 100 students from the Department of Computer Science. Grouping was done in four of the following categories (with sum square error of 8.92): 1) Those with high scores of A, B and C;2) Those with high A scores, but with low B and C scores;3) Those with low A scores but with high B and C scores;and 4) Those with low scores of A, B and C. Matching was conducted involving 10 matching patterns and the match with the fastest development of programming competency were group 1 matched with group 3. To reveal the pair analysis, the derived results were used to developed an online matching algorithm so that programming students could optimally pair with better learning speed.

关键词： k-means pair programming matching learning educations

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A Practice Enquiry Design to Investigate How pair programming Can Help with Constructing Automata 22

A Practice Enquiry Design to Investigate How Pair Programmin...

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4th Conference on United Kingdom and Ireland Computing Education Research (UKICER)

作者： Andrei, Oana Univ Glasgow Glasgow Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397421

Finite state automata (FSA) are a fundamental concept in the theory of computation and the undergraduate computer science education. However often students encounter difficulties with the task of constructing them due their abstract, theoretical nature. We present a disciplinary enquiry design investigating to what extent pair programming (PP) as a collaborative learning activity impacts on Software Engineering (SE) undergraduate students' perceived and assessed performance when used for the task of constructing FSA.

关键词： pair programming finite state automata

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Evaluating Gender Significance Within a pair programming Context

Evaluating Gender Significance Within a Pair Programming Con...

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46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： Choi, Kyungsub S. Rhode Isl Coll Sch Management Providence RI 02908 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548920;9781467359337

This study reports findings of the gender differences within a pair programming context. A large pool of university computer programming course undergraduate and graduate students was paired into three distinct pair categories: male-male, male-female, and female-female. All pairs performed pair programming tasks under a controlled lab environment. The pairs' final outputs in the categories of code productivity and code design were quantitatively measured, and the post-experiment questionnaire was also measured. The results revealed that the male-male pairs had the highest scores and female-female pairs had the lowest scores in both code categories, but not significantly. In the post-experiment questionnaire, the communication and compatibility levels showed significant differences between the three different pair categories. The male-male, female-female pairs or same gender pairs had significantly higher levels than the male-female or mixed gender pairs. Additionally, the female participants particularly voiced gender-biased concerns about collaborating with male partners in doing the pair programming task.

关键词： extreme programming gender group collaboration group programming pair programming

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Understanding undergraduates' computational thinking processes: Evidence from an integrated analysis of discourse in pair programming

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第15期29卷 19367-19399页

作者： Zhou, Ruijie Li, Yangyang He, Xiuling Jiang, Chunlian Fang, Jing Li, Yue Cent China Normal Univ Natl Engn Res Ctr Educ Big Data Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Cent China Normal Univ Natl Engn Res Ctr Elearning Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Univ Macau Fac Educ Macau Peoples R China

Computational thinking (CT), as one of the key skills in the twenty-first century, has been integrated into educational programming as an important learning goal. This study aims to explore CT processes involved in pair programming with the support of visual flow design. Thirty freshmen participated, working in pairs to solve two programming problems. Their discourses were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on a CT framework encompassing cognitive, practical, and social perspectives. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to analyze the data. In particular, Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) was applied to explore the patterns of their CT processes. The findings revealed that social perspectives emerged the most frequently in all pairs' discourses. The high-level groups (HLGs) focused more on practical and social perspectives whereas the low-level groups (LLGs) emphasized more on cognitive perspectives. The ENA networks revealed that social perspectives mostly centered around cognitive perspectives for all pairs with CT process patterns in HLGs crossing the three perspectives more frequently. In addition, HLGs exhibited a more complicated and developmental trend in solving the two problems, while LLGs displayed a relatively similar CT pattern. The current study provides insights into the design and implementation of collaborative learning activities in educational programming.

关键词： Computational thinking Discourse analysis Educational programming pair programming

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