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Algorithmic Interactions in Open Source Work

INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2023年第2期34卷 744-765页

作者： Shaikh, Maha Vaast, Emmanuelle Kings Coll London London WC2R 2LS England McGill Univ Desautels Fac Management Montreal PQ H3A IG5 Canada

This study focuses on algorithmic interactions in open source work. Algorithms are essential in open source because they remedy concerns incompletely addressed by parallel development or modularity. Following algorithmic interactions in open source allows us to map the performance of algorithms to understand the nature of work conducted by multiple algorithms functioning together. We zoom to the level of algorithmic interactions to show how residual interdependencies of modularity are worked around by algorithms. Moreover, the dependence on parallel development does not suffice to resolve all concerns related to the distributed work of open source. We examine the Linux Kernel case that reveals how algorithmic interactions facilitate open source work through the three processes of managing, organizing, and supervising development work. Our qualitative study theorizes how algorithmic interactions intensify through these processes that work together to facilitate development. We make a theoretical contribution to open source scholarship by explaining how algorithmic interactions navigate across module rigidity and enhance parallel development. Our work also reveals how, in open source, developers work to automatemost tasks and augmentation is a bidirectional relationship of algorithms augmenting the work of developers and of developers augmenting the work of algorithms.

关键词： algorithmic interactions open source work modularity parallel development augmentation and automation qualitative study

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Towards Modularity: Integration Strategy of Radar into a LiDAR Based Robotics Mapping Platform 9th

Towards Modularity: Integration Strategy of Radar into a LiD...

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9th International Conference on Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems

作者： Murphy, Kevin Charter, Dylan Pasley, Dylan Lopez-Toledo, Israel Soylemezoglu, Ahmet Construct Engn Res Lab Champaign IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Champaign IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031312670;9783031312687

Removing Combat Engineers, first responders, and disaster relief workers from dangerous situations remains a major motivation for researching semi-autonomous mapping platforms. The successful adoption of such systems requires the implementation of a series of complex sensors collecting, processing, and storing terabytes of data, in near real-time. Operations in uncertain and austere environments has great potential for sensor and computational hardware unavailability and damage;robustness to these difficulties requires careful planning and dedicated practices. While simulation allows for rapid creation and testing of such complicated robotic systems and algorithms, development in simulation and on hardware introduces additional complications. This research explores these challenges and proposes a conventional workflow method for modular development of hardware and software in parallel. The Large-group parallel Simulation-Hardware development (LaPaSHD) workflow arose from years of US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and development Center's (ERDC) research with Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV). LaPaSHD, system requirements and considerations, best practices, and the challenges motivating this workflow are introduced through a case study: incorporating radar systems into an existing LiDAR based simulated platform.

关键词： ROS Sensor Modularity Scalability Modularity Workflow parallel development UGV

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Breaking down monoliths with Microservices and DevOps: an industrial experience report 37

Breaking down monoliths with Microservices and DevOps: an in...

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37th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)

作者： Pianini, Danilo Neri, Alessandro Univ Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum Cesena Italy Maggioli SpA Santarcangelo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665428828

Recent trends in software production fostered the adoption of microservice architectures, where a product is the result of the coordinated execution of several loosely coupled autonomous services, thus promoting modularity, scalability, and integration of legacy products by wrapping. This architectural style also promotes parallel development, as different teams can be in charge of different services;however, this parallelization is at first sight at odds with the established practice of continuous integration: a change to a single service may cause cascading effects that the local testing cannot capture, and the overall functionality may thus get compromised even though all services apparently work. In this paper, we report an experience of a successful and thorough implementation of DevOps techniques into a large business, carried out by a relatively small team. We discuss the steps taken to build a continuous integration pipeline performing system-wide quality assurance, the development practices that enable such a pipeline to be effective, and the lessons learned by applying these practices in a digital publishing industry setting.

关键词： Microservice architectures DevOps Continuous Integration parallel development Distributed testing Continuous delivery Experience report

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Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls development, Industry Reflections on Manufacture, and Supply of Pandemic Therapies and Vaccines

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AAPS JOURNAL 2022年第6期24卷 101-101页

作者： Popkin, Matthew E. Goese, Markus Wilkinson, Diane Finnie, Stuart Flanagan, Talia Campa, Cristiana Clinch, Alexandra Teasdale, Andrew Lennard, Andrew Cook, Graham Mohan, Ganapathy Osborne, Matthew D. GSK David Jack Ctr R&D Park Rd Ware SG12 0DP Herts England F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd CH-4070 Basel Switzerland AstraZeneca Derwent BldgSilk Rd Business PkCharter Way Macclesfield SK10 2NA Cheshire England UCB Pharma SA B-1420 Braine Lalleud Belgium GSK Via Fiorentina 1 I-53100 Siena Italy UCB Pharma 208 Bath Rd Slough SL1 3WE Berks England AstraZeneca Chem Dev Pharmaceut Technol & Dev Operat Charter Way Macclesfield SK10 2NA Cheshire England Amgen Inc 4 Uxbridge Business PkSanderson Rd Uxbridge UB8 1DH Middx England Pfizer Ltd Dorking Rd Surrey KT20 7NS England Merck & Co Inc 770 Sumneytown Pike West Point PA 19486 USA Eli Lilly Kinsale Ltd Kinsale P17 NY71 Cork Ireland

This publication provides some industry reflections on experiences from the Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) development and manufacture and supply of vaccines and therapies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It integrates these experiences with the outcomes from the collaborative work between industry and regulators in recent years on innovative science- and risk-based CMC strategies to the development of new, high-quality products for unmet medical needs. The challenges for rapid development are discussed and various approaches to facilitate accelerated development and global supply are collated for consideration. Relevant regulatory aspects are reviewed, including the role of Emergency Use/Conditional Marketing Authorizations, the dialogue between sponsors and agencies to facilitate early decision-making and alignment, and the value of improving reliance/collaborative assessment and increased collaboration between regulatory authorities to reduce differences in global regulatory requirements. Five areas are highlighted for particular consideration in the implementation of strategies for the quality-related aspects of accelerated development and supply: (1) the substantial need to advance reliance or collaborative assessment;(2) the need for early decision making and streamlined engagement between industry and regulatory authorities on CMC matters;(3) the need to further facilitate 'post-approval' changes;(4) fully exploiting prior and platform knowledge;and (5) review and potential revision of legal frameworks. The recommendations in this publication are intended to contribute to the discussion on approaches that can result in earlier and greater access to high-quality pandemic vaccines and therapies for patients worldwide but could also be useful in general for innovative medicines addressing unmet medical needs.

关键词： analytical anti-viral chemistry cleaning CMC commercial comparability control controls conventional COVID-19 coronavirus distribution formulation GMP good manufacturing practice importation inspection manufacturing packaging presentation process shelf-life stability strategy validation vaccine regulatory reliance collaborative assessment regulatory authority collaboration parallel development

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Exploring the effectiveness of pursuing competing technologies in parallel projects during predevelopment

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2019年第3-4期81卷 166-190页

作者： van Bommel, Ties Nijssen, Edwin J. Mahieu, Ronald J. Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Ind Engn & Innovat Sci NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands

Prior research has studied the effectiveness of parallel projects in the research and development stages. However, it has ignored predevelopment, which R&D intensive firms generally distinguish as a separate stage lodged between research and development. Predevelopment focuses on activities and decisions to select, from a subset of related technologies, the best option for a product application. parallel projects are often a means of speeding up this process by actively pursuing learning spillovers. This paper develops assumptions about learning potential and then uses a real option model to test the trade-off between the higher costs and benefits of this parallel project approach. We compare outcomes for predevelopment using the same approach under research and development conditions, respectively. The results reveal that, when moving from research to development, the effectiveness of pursuing competing technologies in parallel projects first increases and then decreases, with a maximum positive result in predevelopment. The results also show that learning spillovers can compensate for the higher investment costs. Data from an empirical case support our findings.

关键词： competing technologies interproject learning predevelopment parallel development real options

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Managing parallel development towards technological transitions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2012年第3-4期60卷 281-301页

作者： Shibata, Tomoatsu Tohoku Univ Aoba Ku Sendai Miyagi 9808576 Japan

Companies are faced with the challenge of responding to the emergence of new technologies. To reduce uncertainties, there is an incentive for companies to get involved in a new technology while continuing to use their existing technology until final decisions can be made, a strategy called 'parallel development'. parallel development is good for companies because it provides more options and defers the need for decision making until uncertainties about the new technology are sufficiently reduced. However, parallel development does not just simply consist of developing new technologies alongside existing ones. Moreover, to date there has not been sufficient research into the management of parallel development. This paper will describe a framework of parallel development for successful technological transition, and then illustrate the effectiveness of parallel development through the successful examples of Fanuc, Ltd., and Matsushita Electric Industrial Corporation.

关键词： technological transition technological change plasma display NC machine tool parallel development competing technology Matsushita electric Fanuc

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The parallel agile process: Applying parallel processing techniques to software engineering

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS 2019年第6期31卷

作者： Rosenberg, Doug Boehm, Barry W. Wang, Bo Qi, Kan Parallel Agile Inc Santa Monica CA 90401 USA Univ Southern Calif Ctr Syst & Software Engn Los Angeles CA USA

For the last 4 years, we have been experimenting with the parallel agile (PA) approach. PA achieves significant schedule compression by leveraging parallelism;large teams of developers can independently and concurrently develop scenarios from initial concept through code. This paper summarizes our experience in defining and evolving PA by applying it to four representative emergent-technology applications: location-based advertising, picture sharing, bad driver reporting, and a VR/AR game project. In comparison with the mainstream architected agile process that we had been using on similar systems, the PA process has consistently achieved significant speedups in system development while simultaneously reducing defects. PA uses storyboards and prototypes to define both sunny-day and rainy-day scenarios, defines requirements for each use case, and decomposes each use case into a conceptual model-view-controller (MVC) pattern. PA also uses code generation from UML models to rapidly construct a domain-driven microservice architecture at the inception of a project. This microservice architecture is then used to enable prototype code to interact with a live database during requirements definition. PA then uses automatic test case generation from the same UML model. The paper summarizes the overall challenge of software schedule compression, identifies managed parallel development as generally the most powerful but least-practiced strategy for schedule compression, and summarizes the key elements required to support parallelism. It then summarizes the key techniques for scaling up PA, using a previous million-line command and control project as an example. We have used MS-degree graduate student projects to gather productivity data because the university environment has afforded us the opportunity to explore massively parallel development over an extended time period. We are now working with a large company to modernize their main legacy system using the PA methods. The pr

关键词： agile development code generation microservice architecture MVC schedule compression parallel development

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Rapid, Evolutionary, Reliable, Scalable System and Software development: The Resilient Agile Process

Rapid, Evolutionary, Reliable, Scalable System and Software ...

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International Conference on Software and System Process (ICSSP)

作者： Rosenberg, Doug Boehm, Barry W. Wang, Bo Qi, Kan ICONIX Software Engn Los Angeles CA 90064 USA USC Los Angeles CA 90007 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352703

The increasing pace of change in competition, technology, and complexity of software-intensive systems has increased the demand for rapid, reliable, scalable, and evolvable processes. Agile methods have made significant contributions to speeding up software development, but often encounter problems with reliability, scalability, and evolvability. Over the past 3 years, we have been experimenting with an approach called Resilient Agile (RA), which addresses these problems while also speeding up development by finding enablers for parallel systems engineering, development, and test. This paper summarizes our experience in defining and evolving RA by applying it to three representative emergent-technology applications: Location-Based Advertising, Picture Sharing, and Bad Driver Reporting. In comparison with the mainstream Architected Agile process that we had been using on similar systems, the RA process achieved fewer defects and significant speedups in system development and evolution. The paper summarizes the overall challenge of software schedule compression;identifies managed parallel development as generally the most powerful but least-practiced strategy for schedule compression;summarizes the key elements required to support parallelism, including specific model-driven system development techniques, automatic generation of key elements and realistic schedule and effort estimation. It then summarizes the three successful Resilient Agile projects to date, provides criteria for selecting a Resilient Agile process, and summarizes the key techniques for scaling up Resilient Agile, using a previous million-line command and control project as an example.

关键词： agile development schedule compression rapid delivery NoSQL REST code generation MVC parallel development scalable software development ICSM microservice architecture resilient software UML modeling use case driven development

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Dynamic Capabilities at Samsung: OPTIMIZING INTERNAL CO-OPETITION

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CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2016年第4期58卷 118-140页

作者： Song, Jaeyong Lee, Kyungmook Khanna, Tarun Seoul Natl Univ Strategy & Int Management Seoul 151 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Management Seoul 151 South Korea Harvard Sch Business South Asia Inst Boston MA USA Harvard Sch Business Boston MA USA

This article presents a clinical study, based on a decade of ongoing research at Samsung Group, that describes how the Samsung Group and its mobile phone division competed successfully in smartphones. The ability to manage co-opetition-simultaneous forces of competition and cooperation within the business group-is a particular dimension of dynamic capability that has stood Samsung in excellent stead. Relying on internal exhortations to cooperate often leads to a lack of dynamism, whereas untrammeled competition leaves proverbial synergies entirely untapped and spawns duplicative investments. Samsung, however, has succeeded by its ability to strike a balance between the two.

关键词： Dynamic Capabilities Internal Co-opetition Dual Sourcing parallel development Competitive Advantage Business Group Technological Innovation Creative Collaboration

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Modeling and analysis of multi-version concurrent control

Modeling and analysis of multi-version concurrent control

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IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Luo, Chao Okamura, Hiroyuki Dohi, Tadashi Hiroshima Univ Dept Informat Engn Grad Sch Engn Higashihiroshima 7398527 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549866

A multi-version concurrent control (MVCC) is widely spread as an important scheme to ensure the data integrity even in on-line storage services such as Dropbox as well as database management system. The scheme of MVCC is to make a snapshot of the current data before access to the data, and to compare the snapshot with the original data just before the update is committed. This discipline is called first-committer-wins rule (FCWR). This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of MVCC based on a stochastic model. According to queueing analysis, we derive quantitative performance measures from the model analytically. Further, we reveal the effectiveness of MVCC by comparing with the serializable policy.

关键词： multi-version concurrent control parallel development performance evaluation queueing model

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