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Nuclear vowel priming and anticipatory oral postures: evidence for parallel phonological planning?

LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020年第1期35卷 106-123页

作者： Krause, Peter A. Kawamoto, Alan H. Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Psychol Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

Linguistic and psycholinguistic theories of speech planning typically assume serial phonological encoding. However, under some neurally-inspired speech models, phonological elements are initially co-active in a parallel planning space. Research using acoustic reaction times has perhaps mistakenly attributed execution-level phonetic effects to serial encoding. We used motion-tracked digital video to measure lip posture. In two form-preparation experiments, participants were sometimes primed with the nuclear vowels of CVC words. All words contained either /i/ (spread lips;e.g. "seed") or /u/ (rounded lips, e.g. "soup"). The initial consonants were uncertain. Analyses emphasised oral postures preceding stimulus presentation. In Experiment 1, participants' early postures anticipated the upcoming vowel when it was primed. Experiment 2 included two pairs of vowel-primed blocks. The words of one /i/-block began with rounded consonants. Primed vowels influenced anticipatory articulation except when superseded by conflicting demands from likely initial consonants. We discuss the implications for parallel encoding.

关键词： Articulation form preparation gestural timing parallel encoding phonological priming trajectory analysis

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ONE-ROUND RENORMALIZATION BASED 2-BIN/CYCLE H.264/AVC CABAC ENCODER

ONE-ROUND RENORMALIZATION BASED 2-BIN/CYCLE H.264/AVC CABAC ...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Liu, Zhenyu Wang, Dongsheng Tsinghua Univ Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713033

Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder (CABAC) is the advanced entropy coding tool employed by main and higher profiles of H. 264/ AVC. As compared with Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), under the same bit rate, CABAC achieves up to 0.5dB PSNR gain. On the other hand, the high complexity of CABAC severely hinders the whole encoder throughput. To overcome the throughput bottleneck of CABAC, the authors devise the one-round renormalization and the associated VLSI architecture to omit the multiple-iteration operation of one bin's encoding. The proposed full-context CABAC hardwired encoder garners the constant 2-bin/ cycle throughput. Using TSMC one-poly nine-metal 90nm CMOS technology, the prototyping is implemented with 33.9k logic gates and 1562-bit on-chip SRAM. In the worst operating conditions (0.9V, 125. C), the operating frequency is 238.1MHz, which can support HDTV720p real-time encoding at 329fps frame rate with the quantization parameter (QP) not less than 18.

关键词： H.264/AVC CABAC parallel encoding

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GPU-Based Heterogeneous Coding Architecture for HEVC 16th

GPU-Based Heterogeneous Coding Architecture for HEVC

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16th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for parallel Processing (ICA3PP)

作者： Cebrian-Marquez, Gabriel Migallon, Hector Luis Martinez, Jose Lopez-Granado, Otoniel Pinol, Pablo Cuenca, Pedro Univ Castilla La Mancha Albacete Res Inst Informat I3A Plz Univ 2 Albacete 02071 Spain Miguel Hernandez Univ Dept Phys & Comp Architecture Elche 03202 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783319495835;9783319495828

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has nearly doubled the compression efficiency of prior standards. Nonetheless, this increase in coding efficiency involves a notably higher computing complexity that should be overcome in order to achieve real-time encoding. For this reason, this paper focuses on applying parallel processing techniques to the HEVC encoder with the aim of reducing significantly its computational cost without affecting the compression performance. Firstly, we propose a coarse-grained slice-based parallelization technique that is executed in a multi-core CPU, and then, with finer level of parallelism, a GPU-based motion estimation algorithm. Both techniques define a heterogeneous parallel coding architecture for HEVC. Results show that speed-ups of up to 4.06x can be obtained on a quad-core platform with low impact in coding performance.

关键词： H.265 HEVC Heterogeneous parallel encoding GPU

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HDEEM: High Definition Energy Efficiency Monitoring 2

HDEEM: High Definition Energy Efficiency Monitoring

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E2SC 2nd International Workshop on Energy Efficient Supercomputing

作者： Hackenberg, Daniel Ilsche, Thomas Schuchart, Joseph Schoene, Robert Nagel, Wolfgang E. Simon, Marc Georgiou, Yiannis Tech Univ Dresden Dresden Germany Bull SAS Les Clayes Sous Bois France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479970360

Accurate and fine-grained power measurements of computing systems are essential for energy-aware performance optimizations of HPC systems and applications. Although cluster wide instrumentation options are available, fine spatial granularity and temporal resolution are not supported by the system vendors and extra hardware is needed to capture the power consumption information. We introduce the High Definition Energy Efficiency Monitoring (HDEEM) infrastructure, a sophisticated approach towards systemwide and fine-grained power measurements that enable energy- aware performance optimizations of parallel codes. Our approach is targeted at instrumenting multiple HPC racks with power sensors that have a sampling rate of about 8 kSa/s as well as finer spatial granularity, e.g., for per-CPU measurements. We specifically focus on the correctness of power measurement samples and energy consumption calculations based on these power samples. We also discuss scalable and low-overhead or overhead-free options for online and offline (postmortem) processing of power measurement data.

关键词： energy conservation parallel processing power aware computing HDEEM infrastructure HPC racks energy consumption calculations energy-aware performance optimizations fine-grained power measurements high definition energy efficiency monitoring high-performance computing parallel codes power sensors systemwide power measurements Accuracy Current measurement Energy consumption Energy measurement Power demand Power measurement Sensors Power measurement power aware computing energy consumption High Performance Computing Energy measurement Power demand Electric current measurement Current measuring parallel PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Energy conservation Sensors parallel encoding High definition

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Design and Evaluation of Remote Video Surveillance System on Private Cloud 4

Design and Evaluation of Remote Video Surveillance System on...

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International Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies (ISBAST)

作者： Song, Biao Tian, Yuan Zhou, Bingyin King Saud Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh Saudi Arabia Hebei Normal Univ Coll Math & Informat Sci Shijiazhuang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479964444

Cloud based video surveillance systems have been proposed and implemented recently. With the advances in cloud technologies, opportunity for getting on-demand remote video surveillance service can be pursued. In this paper, we propose a novel remote display solution that allows remote surveillance users to watch real-time surveillance video, to use surveillance software and to share screen updates among users on remote desktop. Multiple encoders and parallel encoding method are adopted in remote display to meet quality of service requirement under varying situations. Our proposed system deals with dynamic workload better than traditional remote display methods since surveillance task and encoding task are separately managed. Two queuing models are designed to handle resource provisioning problem for different encoders.

关键词： remote display video surveillance cloud computing parallel encoding queuing model

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BioPerf: A benchmark suite to evaluate high-performance computer architecture on bioinformatics applications

BioPerf: A benchmark suite to evaluate high-performance comp...

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IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization

作者： Bader, DA Li, Y Li, T Sachdeva, V Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780394615

The exponential growth in the amount of genomic data has spurred growing interest in large scale analysis of genetic information. Bioinformatics applications, which explore computational methods to allow researchers to sift through the massive biological data and extract useful information, are becoming increasingly important computer workloads. This paper presents BioPerf a benchmark suite of representative bioinformatics applications to facilitate the design and evaluation of high-performance computer architectures for these emerging workloads. Currently, the BioPerf suite contains codes from 10 highly popular bioinformatics packages and covers the major fields of study in computational biology such as sequence comparison, phylogenetic reconstruction, protein structure prediction, and sequence homology & gene finding. We demonstrate the use of BioPerf by providing simulation points of pre-compiled Alpha binaries and with a performance study on IBM Power using IBM Mambo simulations cross-compared with Apple G5 executions. The BioPerf suite (available from ***) includes benchmark source code, input datasets of various sizes, and information for compiling and using the benchmarks. Our benchmark suite includes parallel codes where available.

关键词： benchmark testing biology computing computer architecture Alpha binaries Apple G5 executions BioPerf IBM Mambo simulations benchmark suite bioinformatics computational biology high-performance computer architecture evaluation parallel codes Bioinformatics Computer Architecture Computational Biology Benchmark testing biology computing BENCHMARKS parallel encoding

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Design of nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC cycle codes

Design of nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC cycle codes

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop

作者： Peng, Rong-Hui Chen, Rong-Rong Univ Utah Dept Elect & Comp Engn Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424415632

In this paper, we study the design of nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) cycle codes over Galois field GF(q). First, we construct a special class of nonbinary LDPC cycle codes with low error floors. Our construction utilizes the cycle elimination algorithm to remove short cycles in the normal graph and to select nonzero elements in the parity-check matrix to reduce the number of low-weight codewords generated by short cycles. Furthermore, we show that simple modifications of such codes are parallel sparse encodable (PSE). The PSE code, consisting of a quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC cycle code and a simple tree code, has the attractive feature that it is not only linearly encodable, but also allows parallel encoding which can reduce the encoding time significantly. We provide a systematic comparison between nonbinary coded systems and binary coded systems. For the MIMO channel considered, our results show that the proposed nonbinary system employing the PSE code outperforms not only the binary LDPC code specified in the 802.16e standard, but also the optimized binary LDPC code obtained using the EXIT chart methods.

关键词： low density parity check codes Codes check matrix parallel encoding tree codes error floor

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COMPLEXITY-BASED CONSISTENT-QUALITY encoding IN THE CLOUD 23

COMPLEXITY-BASED CONSISTENT-QUALITY ENCODING IN THE CLOUD

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： De Cock, Jan Li, Zhi Manohara, Megha Aaron, Anne Netflix Inc 100 Winchester Circle Los Gatos CA 95032 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399616

A cloud-based encoding pipeline which generates streams for video-on-demand distribution typically processes a wide diversity of content that exhibit varying signal characteristics. To produce the best quality video streams, the system needs to adapt the encoding to each piece of content, in an automated and scalable way. In this paper, we describe two algorithm optimizations for a distributed cloud-based encoding pipeline: (i) per-title complexity analysis for bitrate-resolution selection;and (ii) per-chunk bitrate control for consistent-quality encoding. These improvements result in a number of advantages over a simple "one-size-fits-all" encoding system, including more efficient bandwidth usage and more consistent video quality.

关键词： encoding pipeline parallel encoding rate control

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The Influence of Detector Defocus in Multi-pixels Sensor Based Computational Ghost Imaging

The Influence of Detector Defocus in Multi-pixels Sensor Bas...

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Conference on AOPC - Optical Sensing and Imaging Technology

作者： Chen, Wen Wang, Si-Yuan Sun, Ming-Jie Li, Li-Jing Beihang Univ Dept Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650060;9781510650053

Single-pixle detector based computational ghost imaging (CGI) reconstructs an image by measuring the correlations between the scene and a series of masks. Recently, multi-pixels detector and parallel encoding is used to reduce modulation times and improve imaging speed. Due to the separate characteristics of encoding and detection in CGI system, detector defocus will not lead to image blurring in this single-pixel detector based CGI. However, detector defocus in multi-pixels detector based CGI is different to single-pixle detector based system. In this paper, based on the principle of CGI and the model of detector defocus, the influence of detector defocus in CGI is theoretically analyzed. Simulation and experiment results indicate that the multi-pixels detector based CGI inherits characteristics of antidefocus. The quality of reconstructed image is mainly affected by the degree of defocus and the array size of the detector.

关键词： Computational ghost imaging multi-pixels detector parallel encoding detector defocus image quality

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On Row-by-Row Coding for 2-D Constraints

On Row-by-Row Coding for 2-D Constraints

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： Tal, Ido Etzion, Tuvi Roth, Ron M. Univ Calif San Diego Ctr Magnet Recording Res La Jolla CA 92093 USA Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)1424405041

A constant-rate encoder-decoder pair is presented for a fairly large family of two-dimensional (2-D) constraints. encoding and decoding is done in a row-by-row manner, and is sliding-block decodable. Essentially, the 2-D constraint is turned into a set of independent and relatively simple one-dimensional (1-D) constraints;this is done by dividing the array into fixed-width vertical strips. Each row in the strip is seen as a symbol, and a graph presentation of the respective I-D constraint is constructed. The maxentropic stationary Markov chain on this graph is next considered: a perturbed version of the corresponding probability distribution on the edges of the graph is used in order to build an encoder which operates in parallel on the strips. This perturbation is found by means of a network flow, with upper and lower bounds on the flow through the edges. A key part of the encoder is an enumerative coder for constant-weight binary words. A fast realization of this coder is shown, using floating-point arithmetic.

关键词： Enumerative coding flow networks Kronecker product parallel encoding row-by-row coding runlength-limited (RLL) constraints two-dimensional (2-D) constraints

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