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12th International Conference on Elektro

作者： Ivutin, Alexey N. Troshina, Anna G. Tula State Univ Dept Comp Technol Tula Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647592

Automating of parallelization requires the analysis of program code from the point of view of semantic relations between operations. At the same time, up-to-date tools for automation of parallelization usually have a number of restrictions related to binding the parallelization system to the language on which the source code is written. The other restrictions appear from requirement to indicate the blocks in program code should be implemented in parallel or even make some "modifications" of the code in manual mode. The LLVM system provides manifold possibilities for automation of code analysis and optimization for its subsequent parallel execution. The article discusses the approach to parallelization of sequential program code by using LLVM for code analysis and its presentation in the form of semantic Petri-Markov nets.

关键词： parallel program semantic Petri-Markov nets semantic relations simulation parallelization LLVM

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A parallel R-matrix program PRMAT for electron-atom and electron-ion scattering calculations

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2002年第3期145卷 311-340页

作者： Sunderland, AG Noble, CJ Burke, VM Burke, PG CSE Dept CLRC Daresbury Lab Warrington WA4 4AD Cheshire England Queens Univ Belfast Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys Belfast BT7 1NN Antrim North Ireland

This paper describes a new parallel R-matrix program PRMAT which enables very large election-atom and electron-ion scattering calculations of importance in many applications to start to be addressed for the first time on the current generation of massively parallel computers. The paper commences with an overview of R-matrix theory applied to electron-atom and electron-ion scattering, in which the fundamental concepts and the basic equations of the theory are given. A detailed description of this new parallel program PRMAT is then given and its relation to earlier scalar programs RMATRXII and FARM, which treat respectively the internal and external R-matrix regions, is discussed. Of particular importance is the development of a new parallel spin-splitting algorithm and program which takes advantage of the spin de-coupling of the scattering channels in the external and asymptotic R-matrix regions where electron exchange and correlation effects are negligible. A detailed description of the allocation of processor nodes to the various parallel tasks is given and illustrative timings on a Cray T3E-1200 parallel supercomputer are given. Finally the paper concludes by describing an illustrative electron-NiIV ion scattering calculation of importance in the analysis of astronomical spectra. Converged effective collision strengths for some forbidden transitions are reported which involve the solution of cases with more than 300 coupled channels requiring the calculation of collision strengths at over 15,000 energy values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： atomic physics electron-atom scattering electron-ion scattering iron-peak elements R-matrix propagator parallel program

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AUTOMATIC PARTITIONING OF A program DEPENDENCE GRAPH INTO parallel TASKS

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IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1991年第5-6期35卷 779-804页

作者： SARKAR, V IBM Palo Alto Scientific Center 1530 Page Mill Road Palo Alto Califontia 94304 USA|c|

In this paper, we describe a general interprocedural framework for partitioning a program dependence graph into parallel tasks for execution on a multiprocessor system. Partitioning techniques are necessary to execute a parallel program at the appropriate granularity for a given target multiprocessor. The problem is to determine the best trade-off between parallelism and overhead. It is desirable for the partitioning to be performed automatically, so that the programmer can write a parallel program without being burdened by details of the overhead target multiprocessor, and so that the same parallel program can be made to execute efficiently on different multiprocessors. For each procedure, the partitioning algorithm attempts to minimize the estimated parallel execution time. The estimated parallel execution time reflects a trade-off between parallelism and overhead and is minimized at an optimal intermediate granularity of parallelism. Execution-profiling information is used to obtain accurate execution-time estimates. The partitioning framework has been completely implemented in the PTRAN system at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Partitioned parallel programs generated by this prototype system have been executed on the IBM 3090(TM) and RP3 multiprocessor systems.

关键词： .Palo Alto multiprocessor systems data dependences parallel tasks parallel program partitioning framework program dependence Partitioning techniques target multiprocessor trade-off between parallelism estimated parallel execution PTRAN

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An approach to transforming parallel function specification into Java program framework

An approach to transforming parallel function specification ...

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International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP 05)

作者： Li, T Yang, HJ Xu, BW Shi, L De Montfort Univ Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England

ISBN: (纸本)1932415513

In this paper, we design an object-oriented requirement specification language OORSL and propose an approach that transforms a formal function specification defined by OORSL into a Java program framework. In our approach, users can define parallel Units in OORSL specification and the parallel units can be transformed into concurrent threads in Java. Therefore, the formal design problem of parallel systems is changed into the problem of serial system design. Thus, the complexity of formal design of parallel systems is reduced. A Java program framework includes assertions that originate from OORSL junction specification. The assertions can be further transformed into Java codes by means of function decomposition.

关键词： requirement specification function specification formal specification language transformation parallel program Java

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User-level failure detection and auto-recovery of parallel programs in HPC systems

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2021年第6期15卷 31-42页

作者： Guozhen ZHANG Yi LIU Hailong YANG Jun XU Depei QIAN State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beijing 100191China Sino-German Joint Software Institute Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing 100854China

As the mean-time-between-failures(MTBF)continues to decline with the increasing number of components on large-scale high performance computing(HPC)systems,program failures might occur during the execution period with high *** successful execution of the HPC programs has become an issue that the unprivileged users should be *** the user perspective,if the program failure cannot be detected and handled in time,it would waste resources and delay the progress of program ***,the unprivileged users are unable to perform program state checking due to execution control by the job management system as well as the limited ***,automated tools for supporting user-level failure detection and autorecovery of parallel programs in HPC systems are *** paper proposes an innovative method for the unprivileged user to achieve failure detection of job execution and automatic resubmission of failed *** state checker in our method is encapsulated as an independent job to reduce interference with the user *** addition,we propose a dual-checker mechanism to improve the robustness of our *** implement the proposed method as a tool named automatic re-launcher(ARL)and evaluate it on the Tianhe-2 *** results show that ARL can detect the execution failures effectively on Tianhe-2 *** addition,the communication and performance overhead caused by ARL is *** good scalability of ARL makes it applicable for large-scale HPC systems.

关键词： high performance computing parallel program failure detection failure auto-recovery

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Error detection in large-scale parallel programs with long runtimes

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2003年第5期19卷 689-700页

作者： Kranzmüller, D Thoai, N Volkert, J Johannes Kepler Univ Linz GUP Linz A-4040 Linz Austria

Error detection is an important activity of program development, which is applied to detect incorrect computations or runtime failures of software. The costs of debugging are strongly related to the complexity and the scale of the investigated programs. Both characteristics are especially cumbersome for large-scale parallel programs with long runtimes, which are quite common in computational science and engineering (CSE) applications. A solution is offered by a combination of techniques using the event graph model as a representation of parallel program behaviour. With process isolation, a subset of the original number of processes can be investigated, while the absent processes are simulated by the debugging system. With checkpointing, an arbitrary temporal section of a program's runtime can be extracted for exhaustive analysis without the need to restart the program from the beginning. Additional benefits of the event graph are support of equivalent execution of nondeterministic programs, as well as a comprehensible visualisation as a space-time diagram. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： error detection space-time diagrams parallel program debugging event graph

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Using High Performance Fortran for parallel programming

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 1998年第12期35卷 41-57页

作者： Sarma, G Zacharia, T Miles, D Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Portland Grp Inc Wilsonville OR 97070 USA

A finite element code with a polycrystal plasticity model for simulating deformation processing of metals has been developed for parallel computers using High Performance Fortran (HPF). The conversion of the code from an original implementation on the Connection Machine systems using CM Fortran is described. The sections of the code requiring minimal inter-processor communication are easily parallelized, by changing only the syntax for specifying data layout. However, the solver routine based on the conjugate gradient method required additional modifications, which are discussed in detail. The performance of the code on a massively parallel distributed-memory Intel PARAGON supercomputer is evaluated through timing statistics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： parallel program High Performance Fortran finite element method deformation process simulation polycrystal plasticity

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Energy optimization of parallel programs in a heterogeneous system by combining processor core-shutdown and dynamic voltage scaling

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2019年 92卷 198-209页

作者： Wang, Zhuowei Wang, Hao Zhao, Wuqing Cheng, Lianglun Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Comp Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept ICT & Nat Sci Trondheim Norway Dingxin Informat Technol Co Ltd Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China

Reducing power consumption and improving efficiency are important aspects of the development of supercomputers into large-scale systems. As a result, heterogeneous systems have become an important development trend in high-performance computing. From the perspective of heterogeneous systems, this study establishes a model for energy optimization of parallel programs (EOPP) and puts forward a method of using it. By considering the energy overheads caused by re-synchronization, voltage switching, and operations in critical sections, the model effectively combines processor core-shutdown and dynamic voltage scaling technologies, which can be applied in a heterogeneous system to guide the optimization process. The results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce the energy consumption of parallel programs. Moreover, increasing the proportion of operations in the critical section enhances the optimal frequency of a processor while decreasing the probability of conflicts in the critical section. It can thus provide optimization space for reducing the frequency of a processor which ultimately reduces the energy overhead of the system. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy optimization parallel program Heterogeneous system Processor core-shutdown Dynamic voltage scaling

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Genetic algorithm based test data generation for MPI parallel programs with blocking communication

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2019年第0期155卷 130-144页

作者： Tian, Tian Gong, Dunwei Kuo, Fei-Ching Liu, Huai Shandong Jianzhu Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Jinan 250101 Shandong Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Informat & Control Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China Swinburne Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia

parallel computing is one of mainstream techniques for high-performance computation in which MPI parallel programs have gained more and more attention. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been widely employed in automated test data generation, leading to a major family of search-based software testing techniques. However, previous GA-based methods have limitations when testing MPI parallel programs with blocking communication. In this paper, we focus on the path coverage problem for MPI parallel programs with blocking communication, and formulate the problem as an optimization problem with its decision variable being the program input and the execution order of sending nodes. In addition, we develop target amending strategies for candidates when solving the problem using genetic algorithms. The proposed method is evaluated and compared with several state-of-the-art methods through a series of controlled experiments on five typical programs. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently generate test data for path coverage. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： parallel program Blocking communication Path coverage Test data Genetic algorithm

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Multi-Objective region-Aware optimization of parallel programs

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parallel COMPUTING 2019年 83卷 3-21页

作者： Durillo, Juan J. Gschwandtner, Philipp Kofler, Klaus Fahringer, Thomas Leibniz Supercomp Ctr Boltzmannstr 1 D-85748 Garching Germany Univ Innsbruck Technikerstr 21a A-6020 Innsbruck Austria

Auto-tuning has become increasingly popular for optimizing non-functional parameters of parallel programs. The typically large search space requires sophisticated techniques to find well-performing parameter values in a reasonable amount of time. Different parts of a program often perform best with different parameter values. We therefore subdivide programs into several regions, and try to optimize the parameter values for each of these regions separately as opposed to setting the parameter values globally for the entire program. In order to manage this enlarged search space, we have to extend existing auto-tuning techniques to ensure high quality solutions to this optimization problem. In this paper we introduce a novel enhancement to the RS-GDE3 algorithm that is used to explore the search space for auto-tuning programs with multiple regions regarding several objectives. We have implemented our auto-tuner using the Insieme compiler and runtime system, and provide a detailed analysis of the obtained results with the aim of gaining a better understanding of non-functional inter-region behavior in the context of auto-tuning. In comparison to a non-optimized parallel version of the tested programs, our novel approach achieves improvements of up to 7.6X, 10.5X, and 61.6X for three tuned objectives wall time, energy consumption, and resource usage, respectively. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Auto-tuning Code region Multi-objective OpenMP parallel program Energy

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