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Algorithmic Skeletons and parallel design patterns in Mainstream parallel Programming

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2021年第2期49卷 177-198页

作者： Danelutto, Marco Mencagli, Gabriele Torquati, Massimo Gonzalez-Velez, Horacio Kilpatrick, Peter Univ Pisa Dept Comp Sci Pisa Italy Natl Coll Ireland Cloud Competency Ctr Dublin Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Dept Comp Sci Belfast Antrim North Ireland

This paper discusses the impact of structured parallel programming methodologies in state-of-the-art industrial and research parallel programming frameworks. We first recap the main ideas underpinning structured parallel programming models and then present the concepts of algorithmic skeletons and parallel design patterns. We then discuss how such concepts have permeated the wider parallel programming community. Finally, we give our personal overview-as researchers active for more than two decades in the parallel programming models and frameworks area-of the process that led to the adoption of these concepts in state-of-the-art industrial and research parallel programming frameworks, and the perspectives they open in relation to the exploitation of forthcoming massively-parallel (both general and special-purpose) architectures.

关键词： Algorithmic skeletons parallel design patterns High performance computing Multi-core architecture parallel computing

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Analysing Multiple QoS Attributes in parallel design patterns-Based Applications

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2018年第1期46卷 81-100页

作者： Brogi, Antonio Danelutto, Marco De Sensi, Daniele Ibrahim, Ahmad Soldani, Jacopo Torquati, Massimo Univ Pisa Dept Comp Sci Largo B Pontecorvo 3 I-56127 Pisa Italy

parallel design patterns can be fruitfully combined to develop parallel software applications. Different combinations of patterns can feature different QoS while being functionally equivalent. To support application developers in selecting the best combinations of patterns to develop their applications, we hereby propose a probabilistic approach that permits analysing, at design time, multiple QoS attributes of parallel design patterns-based application. We also present a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach, together with some experimental results.

关键词： parallel design patterns QoS Probabilistic analysis design time

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Teaching parallel design patterns to Undergraduates in Computer Science 14

Teaching Parallel Design Patterns to Undergraduates in Compu...

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45th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)

作者： Brown, Richard A. Adams, Joel C. Ferner, Clayton Shoop, Elizabeth Wilkinson, Barry St Olaf Coll Northfield MN 55057 USA Calvin Coll Grand Rapids MI 49506 USA UNC Wilmington Wilmington NC USA Macalester Coll St Paul MN 55105 USA UNC Charlotte Charlotte NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450326056

The industry shift emerging forms of parallel and distributed computing (PDC), including multi-core CPUs, cloud computing, and general-purpose use of GPUs, have naturally led to increased presence of PDC elements undergraduate Computer Science curriculum recommendations, such as the new and substantial "PD" knowledge area in the joint ACM/IEEE CS2013 recommendations[1]. How can undergraduate students grasp the extensive and complex range of PDC principles and practices, and apply that knowledge in problem solving, while PDC technologies continue to evolve rapidly? parallel design patterns are descriptions of effective solutions to recurring parallel programming problems in particular contexts and have emerged from long-standing industry practice. parallel patterns occur at all computational levels, ranging from low-level concurrent execution patterns (such as message passing or thread pool patterns) to high-level software design patterns suitable for organizing entire systems or their components (such as model-view-control or pipe and filter patterns). The sheer number of parallel patterns, which reflect the full breadth and complexity of PDC, can be quite daunting for a newcomer. However, the ubiquity of parallel patterns in all forms of parallel and distributed computation makes these patterns relevant and illuminating at all undergraduate levels. Knowledge of parallel patterns, being reusable elements of parallel design, guides problem-solving during the creation of parallel programs;and those enduring design patterns remain relevant and useful as new PDC infrastructure emerges in this rapidly evolving field. This panel presents four viewpoints representing various approaches for teaching parallel patterns to CS undergraduates at multiple academic levels. Moderator Dick Brown co-directs (with Adams and Shoop) the CSinparallel project (***), which produces and shares modular materials for incrementally adding parallelism to existing undergraduate comp

关键词： parallel computing parallelism distributed computing education parallel design patterns curriculum design patterns Seeds Paraguin patternlets exemplars

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design patterns percolating to parallel programming framework implementation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2014年第6期42卷 1012-1031页

作者： Aldinucci, M. Campa, S. Danelutto, M. Kilpatrick, P. Torquati, M. Univ Pisa Dept Comp Sci Pisa Italy Queens Univ Belfast Belfast Antrim North Ireland Univ Turin Turin Italy

Structured parallel programming is recognised as a viable and effective means of tackling parallel programming problems. Recently, a set of simple and powerful parallel building blocks () has been proposed to support modelling and implementation of parallel frameworks. In this work we demonstrate how that same parallel building block set may be used to model both general purpose parallel programming abstractions, not usually listed in classical skeleton sets, and more specialized domain specific parallel patterns. We show how an implementation of can be realised via the FastFlow framework and present experimental evidence of the feasibility and efficiency of the approach.

关键词： Algorithmic skeleton parallel design patterns Programming frameworks RISC-pb(2)I parallel building blocks

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A parallelization Approach for Hard Real-Time Systems and Its Application on Two Industrial Programs

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2016年第6期44卷 1296-1336页

作者： Frieb, Martin Jahr, Ralf Ozaktas, Haluk Hugl, Andreas Regler, Hans Ungerer, Theo Univ Augsburg Dept Comp Sci D-86135 Augsburg Germany Univ Toulouse 3 118 Route Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France BAUER Maschinen GmbH BAUER Str 1 D-86529 Schrobenhausen Germany

Applications in industry often have grown and improved over many years. Since their performance demands increase, they also need to benefit from the availability of multi-core processors. However, a reimplementation from scratch and even a restructuring of these industrial applications is very expensive, often due to high certification efforts. Therefore, a strategy for a systematic parallelization of legacy code is needed. We present a parallelization approach for hard real-time systems, which ensures a high reusage of legacy code and preserves timing analysability. To show its applicability, we apply it on the core algorithm of an avionics application as well as on the control program of a large construction machine. We create models of the legacy programs showing the potential of parallelism, optimize them and change the source codes accordingly. The parallelized applications are placed on a predictable multi-core processor with up to 18 cores. For evaluation, we compare the worst case execution times and their speedups. Furthermore, we analyse limitations coming up at the parallelization process.

关键词： parallelization parallelization approach Model-based parallel design patterns Algorithmic skeletons Real-time Embedded Control code Case study

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Pool Evolution: A parallel Pattern for Evolutionary and Symbolic Computing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2016年第3期44卷 531-551页

作者： Aldinucci, Marco Campa, Sonia Danelutto, Marco Kilpatrick, Peter Torquati, Massimo Univ Turin Dept Comp Sci Turin Italy Univ Pisa Dept Comp Sci Pisa Italy Queens Univ Belfast Dept Comp Sci Belfast BT7 1NN Antrim North Ireland

We introduce a new parallel pattern derived from a specific application domain and show how it turns out to have application beyond its domain of origin. The pool evolution pattern models the parallel evolution of a population subject to mutations and evolving in such a way that a given fitness function is optimized. The pattern has been demonstrated to be suitable for capturing and modeling the parallel patterns underpinning various evolutionary algorithms, as well as other parallel patterns typical of symbolic computation. In this paper we introduce the pattern, we discuss its implementation on modern multi/many core architectures and finally present experimental results obtained with FastFlow and Erlang implementations to assess its feasibility and scalability.

关键词： parallel design patterns Algorithmic skeletons Multi/many core architectures Evolutionary computing FastFlow

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Challenging the abstraction penalty in parallel patterns libraries Adding FastFlow support to GrPPI

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2020年第7期76卷 5139-5159页

作者： Garcia, J. Daniel del Rio, David Aldinucci, Marco Tordini, Fabio Danelutto, Marco Mencagli, Gabriele Torquati, Massimo Univ Carlos III Madrid Leganes Spain Univ Torino Turin Italy Univ Pisa Pisa Italy

In the last years, pattern-based programming has been recognized as a good practice for efficiently exploiting parallel hardware resources. Following this approach, multiple libraries have been designed for providing such high-level abstractions to ease the parallel programming. However, those libraries do not share a common interface. To pave the way, GrPPI has been designed for providing an intermediate abstraction layer between application developers and existing parallel programming frameworks like OpenMP, Intel TBB or ISO C++ threads. On the other hand, FastFlow has been adopted as an efficient object-based programming framework that may benefit from being supported as an additional GrPPI backend. However, the object-based approach presents some major challenges to be incorporated under the GrPPI type safe functional programming style. In this paper, we present the integration of FastFlow as a new GrPPI backend to demonstrate that structured parallel programming frameworks perfectly fit the GrPPI design. Additionally, we also demonstrate that GrPPI does not incur in additional overheads for providing its abstraction layer, and we study the programmability in terms of lines of code and cyclomatic complexity. In general, the presented work acts as reciprocal validation of both FastFlow (as an efficient, native structured parallel programming framework) and GrPPI (as an efficient abstraction layer on top of existing parallel programming frameworks).

关键词： parallel design patterns Data-intensive computing Stream computing Algorithmic skeletons

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The RePhrase Extended Pattern Set for Data Intensive parallel Computing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF parallel PROGRAMMING 2019年第1期47卷 74-93页

作者： Danelutto, Marco De Matteis, Tiziano De Sensi, Daniele Mencagli, Gabriele Torquati, Massimo Aldinucci, Marco Kilpatrick, Peter Univ Pisa Pisa Italy Univ Torino Turin Italy Queens Univ Belfast Belfast Antrim North Ireland

We discuss the extended parallel pattern set identified within the EU-funded project RePhrase as a candidate pattern set to support data intensive applications targeting heterogeneous architectures. The set has been designed to include three classes of pattern, namely (1) core patterns, modelling common, not necessarily data intensive parallelism exploitation patterns, usually to be used in composition;(2) high level patterns, modelling common, complex and complete parallelism exploitation patterns;and (3) building block patterns, modelling the single components of data intensive applications, suitable for usein compositionto implement patterns not covered by the core and high level patterns. We discuss the expressive power of the RePhrase extended pattern set and results illustrating the performances that may be achieved with the FastFlow implementation of the high level patterns.

关键词： parallel design patterns Data intensive computing Stream computing Algorithmic skeletons

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C plus plus Support and Applications for Embedded Multicore DSP Systems

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2014年第2期75卷 109-122页

作者： Kuan, Chi-Bang Li, Jia-Jhe Chen, Chung-Kai Lee, Jenq-Kuen Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30043 Taiwan Realtek Semicond Corp Hsinchu Taiwan

In recent years embedded systems have entered the multicore era. As the number of cores keeps growing in embedded systems, it becomes more important to provide programming support which considers embedded system constraints and in the meanwhile helps utilize multicore systems. So far though C still dominates embedded programming, C++ is gaining in importance in parallel programming. It is promising to support C++ for embedded multicore systems. However, embedded systems usually have tight resource budgets, and C++ is commonly considered having huge code size that embedded systems can not afford. Therefore, in this paper we investigate the code size requirement of a C++ library and propose a layered design to provide a code size aware library support. On the other hand, to utilize embedded multicore systems, we employ C++ linguistic features to facilitate embedded multicore programming. With C++, we incorporate high-level abstractions and design patterns into the programming support to enhance low-level programming APIs that can be used to exploit DSPs, SIMD instructions, and DMAs on embedded multicore systems. At last, we evaluate our C++ support with a Blur and a JPEG program. Our result on a dual-DSP platform shows that we can obtain speedups of 3.32 and 3.09 for the Blur and JPEG program, respectively.

关键词： Embedded multicore systems C plus plus library Programming models parallel design patterns

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State access patterns in stream parallel computations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2018年第6期32卷 807-818页

作者： Danelutto, Marco Kilpatrick, Peter Mencagli, Gabriele Torquati, Massimo Univ Pisa Dept Comp Sci Pisa Italy Queens Univ Belfast Dept Comp Sci Belfast Antrim North Ireland

We introduce a set of state access patterns suitable for managing accesses to states in parallel computations operating on streams. The state access patterns are useful for modelling typical stream parallel applications. We present a classification of the patterns according to the extent and way in which the state can be structured and accessed. We define precisely the state access patterns and discuss possible implementation schemas, performances and possibilities to manage adaptivity (parallelism degree) in the patterns. We present experimental results relative to implementations built on top of the structured parallel programming framework FastFlow that demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed access patterns.

关键词： Structured parallel programming parallel design patterns stateful computations

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