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Centralized passive MIMO Radar Detection Without Direct-Path Reference Signals

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第11期62卷 3013-3023页

作者： Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham Saville, Michael A. Matrix Res Dayton OH 45432 USA US Air Force Inst Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA US Air Force Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Wright State Univ Dept Elect Engn Fairborn OH 45435 USA

This work addresses the problem of target detection in passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar networks without utilization of direct-path reference signals. A generalized likelihood ratio test for this problem is derived, and the distribution of the test statistic is identified under both hypotheses. Equivalence is established between passive MIMO radar networks without references and passive source localization networks. Numerical examples demonstrate important characteristics of the detector, namely, the asymmetric contributions to detection performance from transmitters and receivers, and non-coherent integration gain as a function of signal length. The ambiguity properties of this detector are also investigated, and it is shown that the salient ambiguities can be explained in terms of the time-difference of arrival, frequency-difference of arrival, and angle-of-arrival of the target signals.

关键词： passive radar passive MIMO radar passive multistatic radar passive source localization

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Synthetic aperture source localization

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INVERSE PROBLEMS 2020年第1期36卷

作者： Waddington, Chad Cheney, Margaret Given, James A. US Air Force Res Lab Sensors Directorate Dayton OH USA Colorado State Univ Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Naval Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA

Many state-of-the-art methods in source localization require large numbers of sensors and perform poorly or require additional sensors when emitters of interest transmit highly correlated waveforms. We present a new source localization technique which employs a cross correlation measure of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) for signals recorded at two separate platforms, at least one of which is in motion. This data is backprojected through a process of synthetic aperture source localization (SASL) to form an image of the locations of the emitters in a region of interest (ROI) This method has the advantage of not requiring anya prioriknowledge of the number of emitters in the scene. Nor does it rest on an ability to identify regions of the data which come from individual emitters, though if this capability is present it may improve image quality. We demonstrate that this method is capable of localizing emitters which transmit highly correlated waveforms, though complications arise when several such emitters are present in the scene. We discuss these complications and strategies to mitigate them.

关键词： passive source localization PSL synthetic aperture

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passive Multi-Channel Detection: A General First-Order Statistical Theory

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING 2023年 4卷 437-451页

作者： Mcwhorter, L. Todd Scharf, Louis Moore, Cole Cheney, Margaret Brooks Canyon LLC Masonville CO 80538 USA Colorado State Univ Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

In this article a general first-order statistical framework is established for passive multi-channel detection and localization of an unknown radiated signal. This radiated signal is written in terms of a finite basis expansion, and the map between these basis coefficients and the measured data on a sensor is a channel that might be known, partially known, or unknown except for the dimension of the signal subspace. The noise at each sensor is assumed to be Gaussian and white;the noise variances at each sensor may be known, unknown and equal, or unknown and possibly unequal. This article develops detectors for all nine of these cases. These detectors are each generalized likelihood ratios, and typically decompose into locally computed detector statistics plus pairwise coherence, or cross-validation, statistics. Of particular note are the scale-invariant detectors that preserve a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property with respect to noise power.

关键词： Distributed sensors passive source localization radar signal detection sonar

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Efficient Method of passive localization for Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field sources

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS 2013年 12卷 902-905页

作者： Liu, Guohong Sun, Xiaoying Jilin Univ Coll Commun Engn Changchun 130025 Peoples R China

An effective second-order statistics (SOS)-based algorithm is addressed for scenarios where both far-field and near-field narrowband sources may exist simultaneously. After estimating the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) and powers of far-field signals, the related far-field components can be eliminated from the signal subspace. Then, based on the symmetric property of the uniform linear array geometry, a near-field estimator without two-dimensional search or parameter pairing is performed. Compared to the previous SOS based method, the resultant algorithm can provide an improved estimation accuracy, as well as realize a more reasonable classification of the signal types. Simulation results are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Array signal processing far-field near-field passive source localization

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Improved RSSD-Based source localization With Unknown Sensor Position Errors

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2021年第9期10卷 1949-1953页

作者： Lohrasbipeydeh, Hannan Gulliver, T. Aaron Shahed Univ Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran Univ Victoria Dept Elect & Comp Engn Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada

In this letter, a received signal strength difference (RSSD) approach is presented to localize a source with unknown transmit power in the presence of sensor position errors. The performance of conventional least squares (LS) algorithms is degraded because they consider measurement errors rather than estimation errors. An algorithm is presented here to overcome this problem. First, a robust minimax mean squared error (MSE) estimator is developed based on the estimation error for bounded location estimation and sensor position errors to minimize the worst case sum of the variance and squared norm of the bias. This nonlinear problem is solved by transforming the nonconvex objective function into a convex optimization problem using the S-procedure, relaxation, and semidefinite programming. This problem is extended to the unknown path loss exponent case. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for convergence of the proposed RSSD convex relaxation of MSE semidefinite programming (RCRM-SDP) approach. Simulation results are presented which confirm the robustness of this method for sufficiently large signal to noise ratios (SNRs).

关键词： passive source localization received signal strength difference (RSSD) convex relaxation (SDR) sensor position error

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A Simple and Accurate TDOA-AOA localization Method Using Two Stations

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2016年第1期23卷 144-148页

作者： Yin, Jihao Wan, Qun Yang, Shiwen Ho, K. C. Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Elect Engn Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Missouri Elect & Comp Engn Dept Columbia MO 65211 USA

This letter focuses on locating passively a point source in the three-dimensional (3D) space, using the hybrid measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) observed at two stations. We propose a simple closed-form solution method by constructing new relationships between the hybrid measurements and the unknown source position. The mean-square error (MSE) matrix of the proposed solution is derived under the small error condition. Theoretical analysis discloses that the performance of the proposed solution can attain the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for Gaussian noise over the small error region where the bias compared to variance is small to be ignored. The proposed solution can be extended directly to more than two observing stations with CRB performance maintained theoretically. Simulations validate the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： Closed-form solution Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) hybrid measurements passive source localization

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passive Ultrasound localization Microscopy of Nanodroplet Vaporizations During Proton Irradiation

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUE...

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022年 2卷 203-219页

作者： Heymans, Sophie V. Collado-Lara, Gonzalo Rovituso, Marta Vos, Hendrik J. D'Hooge, Jan De Jong, Nico Van den Abeele, Koen Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Phys B-8500 Kortrijk Belgium Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Dept Cardiol Biomed Engn Grp NL-3015 CN Rotterdam Netherlands Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Cardiovasc Sci B-3000 Leuven Belgium Holland Proton Therapy Ctr NL-2629 JH Delft Netherlands

Superheated nanodroplets (NDs) were recently proposed for in vivo proton range verification, owing to their ability to vaporize into echogenic microbubbles (MBs) upon exposure to ionizing radiation. In a previous publication, vaporization events were detected with 2D Ultrasound localization Microscopy (ULM) based on a pulse-echo method. Here, we introduce P-ULM, a passive version of ULM, based on the detection of acoustic signatures emitted by vaporizing NDs, without actively transmitting ultrasound. Due to the lack of a time reference for the trigger of the ND vaporization, the time differences of arrival to each transducer element are used to retrieve the position of vaporizing NDs. P-ULM, compared to ULM, can continuously detect and super-localize sparse radiation-induced vaporization events with inherent specificity against already existing microbubbles, which otherwise would hinder range verification in the presence of vascular flow. We evaluated the localization performances of both methods theoretically and experimentally, by interleaving active and passive acquisitions on ND-phantoms irradiated with protons. P-ULM offered a higher sensitivity to vaporizations, as it detected twice as many events as ULM. Both methods retrieved, in the acoustic lateral direction, the proton range and range dispersion with sub-millimeter accuracy. In the acoustic axial direction, despite a degraded theoretical resolution limit, P-ULM retrieved the proton spot size with an accuracy similar to ULM. Importantly, P-ULM detected vaporization events with high specificity in the presence of flowing MBs, which makes the technique a candidate for in vivo proton range verification in the presence of flow.

关键词： passive source localization ultrasound localization microscopy resolution limits nanodroplets phase change contrast agents proton range verification

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SINGLE HYDROPHONE passive source RANGE AND DEPTH ESTIMATION IN SHALLOW WATER

SINGLE HYDROPHONE PASSIVE SOURCE RANGE AND DEPTH ESTIMATION ...

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MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference

作者： Lohrasbipeydeh, Hannan Gulliver, T. Aaron Zielinski, Adam Dakin, Tom Univ Victoria Dept Elect & Comp Engn STN CSC Victoria BC V8W 3P6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479900008;9781479900022

In this paper, the problem of underwater acoustic source localization using a single hydrophone is considered. The transmitted signal arrives at the hydrophone through the direct path and surface and bottom reflected paths. These multipath signals are used to define virtual hydrophones above the ocean surface and below the bottom for the purposes of source localization. An autocorrelation estimator is first used to estimate the delays of the reflected signals with respect to the direct path signal. Then a least squares estimator is applied to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates of the three hydrophones to determine the source location. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the underwater data from the SWellEx-96 experiments which were conducted in San Diego, California.

关键词： passive source localization Multipath Signals Single Hydrophone

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TDOA-AOA localization Based on Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm 14

TDOA-AOA Localization Based on Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm

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14th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP)

作者： Chen, Tao Wang, Mengxin Huang, Xiangsong Xie, Qiang Harbin Engn Univ China Coll Informat & Commun Engn Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646731

Aiming at the nonlinear equation problems of hybrid time difference of arrival and angle of arrival (TDOA-AOA) localization, this paper proposes an improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA). By changing the ratio of leaders, and design a new equation of convergence factor, the ISSA can balance the exploration and exploitation abilities better than the salp swarm algorithm (SSA). ISSA can get higher location accuracy than SSA, and improve the threshold effect of the closed-form algorithm (CFA). Simulation results show that ISSA has a better exploration capability, and the threshold effect of algorithm is improved.

关键词： passive source localization time difference of arrival angle of arrival salp swarm algorithm closed-form algorithm

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passive RANGING CAPABILITY OF A MULTI-MODULE ARRAY IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS

PASSIVE RANGING CAPABILITY OF A MULTI-MODULE ARRAY IN UNDERW...

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2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. New Jersey Inst Technol Dept ECE Newark NJ 07102 USA Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Newport RI 02841 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442966

This work presents our research results on the capability of passive source localization using a towed multi-module array in underwater acoustic environments. We developed new Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) results for assessing the array's source localization capability under environmental uncertainties, such as array modules' positions and acoustic-field's spatial coherence. We also developed a two-stage approach and provide details for passive ranging by utilizing data either non-coherently or coherently, depending on the availability of spatial coherence in the received data from multiple modules of towed array.

关键词： passive source localization Parameter Estimation Performance the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds

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