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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Herre, Jürgen Quackenbush, Schuyler Kim, Minje Skoglund, Jan International Audio Laboratories Erlangen Erlangen Germany Audio Research Labs WestfieldNJ United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Google LLC San FranciscoCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

In the history of audio and acoustic signal processing, perceptual audio coding has certainly excelled as a bright success story by its ubiquitous deployment in virtually all digital media devices, such as computers, tablets, mobile phones, set-top-boxes, and digital radios. From a technology perspective, perceptual audio coding has undergone tremendous development from the first very basic perceptually driven coders (including the popular mp3 format) to today's full-blown integrated coding/rendering systems. This paper provides a historical overview of this research journey by pinpointing the pivotal development steps in the evolution of perceptual audio coding. Finally, it provides thoughts about future directions in this area. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： low-bitrate audio coding masking MPEG neural coding perceptual audio coding speech coding

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perceptual audio coding using adaptive pre- and post-filters and lossless compression

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND audio PROCESSING 2002年第6期10卷 379-390页

作者： Schuller, GDT Yu, B Huang, DW Edler, B Bell Labs Lucent Technol Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA

This paper proposes a versatile perceptual audio coding method that achieves high compression ratios and is capable of low encoding/decoding delay. It accommodates a variety of source signals (including both music and speech) with different sampling rates. It is based on separating irrelevance and redundancy reductions into independent functional units. This contrasts traditional audio coding where both are integrated within the same subband decomposition. The separation allows for the independent optimization of the irrelevance and redundancy reduction units. For both reductions, we rely on adaptive filtering and predictive coding as much as possible to minimize the delay. A psycho-acoustically controlled adaptive linear filter is used for the irrelevance reduction, and the redundancy reduction is carried out by a predictive lossless coding scheme, which is termed weighted cascaded least mean squared (WCLMS) method. Experiments are carried out on a database of moderate size which contains mono-signals of different sampling rates and varying nature (music, speech, or mixed). They show that the proposed WCLMS lossless coder outperforms other competing lossless coders in terms of compression ratios and delay, as applied to the pre-filtered signal. Moreover, a subjective listening test of the combined pre-filter/lossless coder and a state-of-the-art perceptual audio coder (PAC) shows that the new method achieves a comparable compression ratio and audio quality with a lower delay.

关键词： least mean squared (LMS) algorithm lossless coding perceptual audio coding prediction

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perceptual audio coding - A history and timeline

Perceptual Audio Coding - A history and timeline

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41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

作者： Johnston, James D. (JJ) Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421091

perceptual audio coding, now a very common technology, is a classic example of a technology that arose in several places simultaneously when the "time was right". Here, we will mostly discuss the timeline from the point of view of the people who worked on and about perceptual coding (both audio and video) at AT&T Bell Labs and its successor AT&T Labs Research.

关键词： audio coding perceptual audio coding perception auditory system history hearing music

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Compression artifacts in perceptual audio coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON audio SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2008年第4期16卷 681-695页

作者： Liu, Chi-Min Hsu, Han-Wen Lee, Wen-Chieh Natl Chian Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

perceptual audio coding achieves a high compression ratio by exploiting the perceptual irrelevance and data redundancies. By using advanced and sophisticated signal processing methods, perceptual coding has generated artifacts that are quite different from the traditional distortions. A new audio technology becomes mature through the successful modeling, measuring, and control on the artifacts incurred from the technology. With the advance of new coding modules in advanced audio coding (AAC), spectral band replication (SBR), and parametric coding, the incurred artifacts are far more difficult to model, measure, and control than those caused by previous encoding systems like pulse code modulation. This paper models the audible artifacts through the time-frequency diagrams, considers the artifacts-susceptible music types, and analyzes the critical encoding technologies incurring these, artifacts.

关键词： advanced audio coding (AAC) artifacts perceptual audio coding parametric stereo (PS) spectral band replication (SBR)

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On integer MDCT for perceptual audio coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON audio SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2007年第8期15卷 2236-2248页

作者： Li, Te Rahardja, Susanto Yu, Rongshan Koh, Soo Ngee Inst Infocomm Res I2R Singapore 119613 Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Dolby Labs San Francisco CA 94103 USA

In MPEG-4 scalable lossless coding (SLS) which was recently published as an ISO standard in June 2006, the integer modified discrete cosine transform (IntMDCT) was adopted to enable efficient lossless reconstruction. In addition, there is an MDCT filterbank which is inherent to the advanced audio coding (AAQ core that is present in the SLS codec. The presence of two filterbanks have undoubtedly increased the complexity of the implementation, and it is for this reason that the MDCT is disabled and the IntMDCT is then the only type of filterbank that is employed in SLS for both lossy and lossless operations. Because of the rounding operations in the IntMDCT, there is a concern if the use of IntMDCT for perceptual audio coding will eventually degrade the fidelity of the audio codec. This paper addresses this concern by analyzing the performance of the IntMDCT in a lossy coding scenario. It is found that noise introduced by the IntMDCT does not affect the perceptual quality of the coded audio under standard playback circumstances. As such, it concludes that the MDCT and IntMDCT filterbanks are interchangeable at lossy bitrate, and the way of using only the IntMDCT filterbank in scalable audio coding is also justified.

关键词： integer modified discrete cosine transform (Int-MDCT) perceptual audio coding scalable lossless coding

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A study of why cross channel prediction is not applicable to perceptual audio coding

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2001年第9期8卷 245-247页

作者： Kuo, SS Johnston, JD AT&T Labs Res Florham Pk NJ 07932 USA

We have studied and concluded that the time domain cross channel prediction is generally not applicable to perceptual audio coding.

关键词： cross channel prediction perceptual audio coding

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Quantisation noise control in perceptual audio coding using low selectivity filter banks

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2002年第16期38卷 932-933页

作者： Martínez-Muñoz, D Rosa-Zurera, M Cruz-Roldán, F López-Ferreras, F Ruiz-Reyes, N Univ Jaen Escuela Univ Politecn Dept Elect Jaen 23700 Spain Univ Alcala de Henares Escuela Politecn Dept Teoria Senal & Comunicac Madrid 28871 Spain

The problem of computing, in a subband audio coder, the maximum quantisation noise power that can be injected in each band to ensure transparent coding when low selectivity filter banks are used, is addressed. A low complexity strategy, taking into account the frequency responses of the synthesis filter bank, is proposed for achieving an overall distortion due to quantisation noise always below the masking threshold (provided by a psycho-acoustic model) for any length prototype filters.

关键词： quantisation (signal) frequency response ISO/MPEG-1 standard low complexity strategy maximum quantisation noise power filtering theory frequency responses masking threshold Codes quadrature mirror filters quantisation noise control perceptual audio coding subband audio coder audio coding white noise transparent coding psychoacoustic model Filtering methods in signal processing low selectivity filter banks Speech and audio coding Signal processing and conditioning equipment and techniques

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Transparent Bitrate Estimation for perceptual audio coding

Transparent Bitrate Estimation for Perceptual Audio Coding

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4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications

作者： Li, Te Rahardja, Susanto ASTAR Signal Proc Dept Inst Infocomm Res Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427994

In this paper, the relationship between the features of the input audio and its corresponding transparent bitrate is studied. This relationship can be used to pre-estimate the transparent bitrate required for an input audio file, so that this bitrate can be used for encoding and the transparent quality can be achieved with the minimum compressed file size. Two features are selected and tested. Firstly, the perceptual feature is extracted from the test sequences using MPEG-4 advanced audio coding. The results of the signal-to-mask ratio and the transparent bitrate are compared. Secondly, the relationship between the music genre of the audio and its transparent bitrate is explored.

关键词： perceptual audio coding transparent quality music genre

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perceptual Neural audio coding With Modified Discrete Cosine Transform

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年第8期18卷 1490-1505页

作者： Lim, Hyungseob Lee, Jihyun Kim, Byeong Hyeon Jang, Inseon Kang, Hong-Goo Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Daejeon 03722 South Korea

Despite efforts to leverage the modeling power of deep neural networks (DNNs) in audio coding, effectively deploying them in real-world applications is still problematic due to their high computational cost and the restricted range of target signals or achievable bit-rates. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach for integrating DNNs into a perceptual audio coder that allows for the optimization of the whole system in a data-driven, end-to-end manner. The key idea of the proposed method is to make DNNs control the quantization noise in the classic transform coding framework, specifically based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). The proposal includes a new DNN-based mechanism for adaptively adjusting the quantization step sizes of frequency bands targeting an arbitrary bit-rate, eventually acting as a data-driven differentiable psychoacoustic model. The side information regarding the adaptive quantization is also encoded and decoded by DNNs via learned representation. During training, the perceptual distortion is evaluated by a perceptual quality estimation model trained on actual human ratings so that the proposed audio codec can effectively allocate bits considering their effect on the perceptual quality. Through comparisons with legacy audio codecs (MP3 and AAC) and a neural audio codec (EnCodec), we show that our method can achieve further coding gains over the legacy codecs with a substantially lower computational load on the decoder compared to other neural audio codecs.

关键词： perceptual audio coding transform coding MDCT deep neural network psychoacoustic model perceptual audio coding transform coding MDCT deep neural network psychoacoustic model

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Transparent Bitrate Estimation for perceptual audio coding

Transparent Bitrate Estimation for Perceptual Audio Coding

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IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Te Li Susanto Rahardja Signal Processing Department Institute for Infocomm Research A*STAR Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427994

关键词： perceptual audio coding Transparent quality Music genre

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