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Control of wind energy conversion systems with permanent magnet synchronous generator for isolated green hydrogen production

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2025年 107卷 241-251页

作者： Rausell, Eduardo Arnaltes, Santiago Rodriguez, Jose Luis Lafoz, Marcos Navarro, Gustavo CIEMAT Spanish Natl Res Ctr Energy Environm & Technol Madrid 28040 Spain Carlos III Univ Madrid Elect Engn Dept Ave Univ 30 Leganes 28911 Madrid Spain

This paper addresses the design and analysis of the control system for a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its application for isolated green hydrogen production. The designed control maximizes the wind turbine (WT) power generation by regulating the electrolyzer current consumption, where the electrolyzer operates as a controlled load, ensuring power balance in the system and enabling the generation of maximum power from the WECS without the use of any energy storage system. The system involves directly integrating a WECS with an alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), and its configuration includes a WT with a PMSG, an AC/DC voltage source converter (VSC) acting as the generator side converter (GSC), and a DC/DC converter acting as the electrolyzer side converter (ESC) with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control for the WT. The proposed control system has been fully modeled and tested through simulations in Matlab/Simulink, demonstrating its reliable performance under variable wind speeds. Simulation results illustrate how, over rated wind speeds, the pitch control limits the rotational speed and power to their maximum values, and at under rated wind speeds, the ESC control regulates the AEL current following the MPPT of the WT, while the GSC control maintains the DC bus voltage at its designated nominal value. Overall, the proposed control system shows robust and effective performance across the entire range of possible operational points, ensuring no wind generation power losses by following the maximum power point.

关键词： Green hydrogen Alkaline electrolyzer permanent magnet synchronous generator Wind turbine Power converters control

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Terminal sliding mode control with sensor reduction of a permanent magnet synchronous generator supplying a pumping system with battery storage

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2025年 167卷

作者： Daganga, Clotaire Thierry Sanjong Pesdjockb, Mathieu Jean Pierre Kennea, Godpromesse Univ Dschang IUT FOTSO Victor Bandjoun Dept Genie Elect Unite Rech Automat & Informat Appl UR AIA BP 134 Bandjoun Cameroon Cameroonian Assoc Res & Innovat Energy Technol & E POB 59 Ebolowa Cameroon

This work is concerned with the study and development of a terminal sliding mode control process that employs an estimator of the wind speed and the mechanical rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). This results in a reduction in the overall cost of the wind power system, which comprises a PMSG, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier, a battery, a DC-DC converter, a PWM inverter and a centrifugal pump driven by an asynchronous squirrel-cage machine. The wind power system is validated in the MATLAB Simulink numerical simulation environment. Subsequently, the results obtained are compared with those of a conventional sliding-mode control (with a tachometric sensor and an anemometric sensor) in order to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed control method in terms of trajectory tracking, energy consumption and the reliability of the proposed estimation algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is both robust and reliable. However, it should be noted that the settling time of the estimated quantities is greater than that of the same quantities when measured with the compared approach mode

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator Wind speed estimation Rotation speed observation Terminal sliding mode control Battery storage

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Non-Fragile Saturation Controller for Fractional-Order permanent magnet synchronous generator With Fuzzy Quantized Mechanism

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年第5期39卷 1048-1063页

作者： Dineshkumar, Chendrayan Jeong, Jae Hoon Joo, Young Hoon Kunsan Natl Univ Sch IT Informat & Control Engn Gunsan Si Jeonbuk South Korea

The main objective of this study is to develop a non-fragile saturation controller for a fractional-order (FO) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and utilize a fuzzy quantized mechanism. To this end, first, fractional-order control is introduced into the non-linear PMSG model to improve the convergence rate beyond the existing integer-order control techniques. Next, the non-linear PMSG model is converted to linear sub-models using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy method. Utilizing refined sector conditions, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the Mittag-Leffler (M-L) stabilization for the resultant closed-loop systems. This analysis employs certain inequality techniques applied to the M-L function and FO Lyapunov theory. Moreover, based on the polytopic representation approach, sufficient conditions ensuring M-L stabilization are established by a closed-loop system. Furthermore, we have devised two separate convex optimization approaches to effectively reduce the actuator costs and expand the admissible initial region (AIR). Finally, the method proposed in this study demonstrates the superiority and efficiency of the derived results.

关键词： fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous generator polytopic differential inclusion quantization stability Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model

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Economic analysis of grid-connected wind generators with permanent magnet synchronous generator and flywheel energy storage using coati optimization algorithm and triple-memristor Hopfield neural network

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMICS AND CONTROL 2025年第4期13卷 1-16页

作者： Venkatarajan, Shanmugasundaram Manickam, Panneer Selvam Rao, Sumana Sreenivasa Patra, Jyoti Prasad Sona Coll Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Salem 636005 Tamilnadu India Dayanandasagar Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Bengaluru Karnataka India NIET UG PG Diploma Engn Nigam Inst Engn & Technol Govind PurMundali Cuttack 754006 Odisha India

The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) integrated with flywheel energy storage system (FESS) increases the efficiency level and operational reliability of grid-connected wind generators through its effective power storage and stabilization capabilities. A hybrid method aims to assess economically the PMSG connected to FESS for grid-connected wind generation purposes. This paper presents a novel hybrid approach combining the coati optimization algorithm (COA) with the triple-memristor Hopfield neural network (TMHNN) for the economic performance of a PMSG integrated with a FESS for grid-connected wind generation. The aim is to improve the economic performance of the PMSG integrated with a FESS by lowering the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The COA is utilized to optimize the operational parameters of the PMSG and the FESS, ensuring efficient energy management (EM) and storage. The TMHNN is utilized to forecast energy generation and demand trends, enabling optimized scheduling and resource allocation for enhanced EM. A MATLAB platform implements the proposed method for testing with the existing approaches including wild horse optimizer (WHO) and their counterparts gases Brownian motion optimization (GBMO) and artificial bee colony optimization (ABCO) and Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The research introduces a complete framework which decreases LCOE to $0.28/kWh alongside improving wind energy system operational stability and efficiency. Unlike traditional optimization methods, which often focus on single aspects of EM, the COA-TMHNN technique integrates advanced forecasting capabilities with proactive EM strategies, ensuring better adaptability to fluctuating energy demands and generation patterns.

关键词： Coati optimization algorithm Triple-memristor Hopfield neural network permanent magnet synchronous generator Grid-connected wind generation

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A Synchronization of permanent magnet synchronous generator Dedicated for Small and Medium Hydroelectric Plants

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ENERGIES 2025年第8期18卷

作者： Gozdowiak, Adam Antal, Maciej Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Fac Elect Engn Dept Elect Machines Drives & Measurements PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

This article presents the simulation results of synchronization of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) dedicated for a hydroelectric plant without power converter devices. The proposed machine design allows to connect a generator to the grid in two different ways. With the first method, the machine is connected to the grid in a similar way as in the case of an electrically excited synchronous generator. The second method is a direct line-start process based on asynchronous torque-similar to asynchronous motor start. Both methods can be used alternately. The advantages of the presented design are elimination of converter devices for starting the PMSG, possibility of use in small and medium hydroelectric power plants, operation with a high efficiency and high power factor in a wide range of generated power, and smaller dimensions in comparison to the generators currently used. The described rotor design allows for the elimination of capacitor batteries for compensation of reactive power drawn by induction generators commonly used in small hydroelectric plants. In addition, due to the high efficiency of the PMSG, high power factor, and appropriately selected design, the starting current during synchronization is smaller than in the case of an induction generator, which means that the structural elements wear out more slowly, and thus, the generator's service life is increased. In this work, it is shown that PMSG with a rotor cage should have permanent magnets with an increased temperature class in order to avoid demagnetization of the magnets during asynchronous start-up. In addition, manufacturers of such generators should provide the number of start-up cycles from cold and warm states in order to avoid shortening the service life of the machine. The main objective of the article is to present the methods of synchronizing a generator of such a design (a rotor with permanent magnets and a starting cage) and their consequences on the behavior of the machine.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator small and medium hydropower plant line start-up synchronization

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permanent magnet synchronous generator design optimization for wind energy conversion system: A review

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ENERGY REPORTS 2022年 8卷 277-282页

作者： Heng, Teh Yee Ding, Tan Jian Chang, Clifford Choe Wei Ping, Tan Jian Yian, Haw Choon Dahari, Mahidzal Xiamen Univ Malaysia Sch Elect Engn & Artificial Intelligence Sepang 43900 Selangor Malaysia Xiamen Univ Malaysia Sch Energy & Chem Engn Sepang 43900 Selangor Malaysia Univ Malaya Dept Elect Engn Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

The wind energy sector has grown significantly over the past several decades as enabling technologies advance. One of the major reasons of such rapid growth is due to the renewability of this eco-friendly energy source that reduces carbon footprints worldwide. The overall costs of large scale wind energy conversion systems can be extremely high, which is deemed to be one of the main dilemmas stakeholders have to face with during the design phase. generators for large scale wind turbines are generally heavy and huge in sizes, which translate into a hike in upfront and maintenance costs. Design optimizations are crucial in wind turbine generator. Multi-objective optimization is a general approach to the design of the generator because there are always tradeoffs in considerations. In many studies, optimizations are applied on mathematical models and the results are verified by means such as Finite Element Method (REM). This review paper captures the fact that recent advancements in design optimization of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind turbine systems are able to deliver tangible benefits to the renewable energy technology (RET) industry as a whole. Different design approaches, objectives applied in optimization, key variables, and optimization algorithms across different research are also presented in this paper. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Wind energy conversion system Optimization permanent magnet synchronous generator

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permanent magnet synchronous generator for Wind Turbines: Modelling, Control and Inertial Frequency Response 49

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Wind Turbines: Mo...

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49th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

作者： Cheah-Mane, Marc Liang, Jun Jenkins, Nick Cardiff Univ Cardiff CF10 3AX S Glam Wales

ISBN: (纸本)9781479965571

Offshore wind power generation is expected to increase in the following years, but there are still some economic and technical challenges to overcome. Because of the difficult access to the offshore facilities, the reduction of maintenance is an essential point. The use of permanent magnet synchronous generators ( PMSG) is considered a suitable option in this wind farm topology to satisfy this purpose. On the other hand, these generators along with full-rated Voltage Source Converters (VSC) are expected to provide ancillary services for the onshore AC grid. Particularly, Inertial Frequency Response is an interesting option considering the stored kinetic energy in the rotor of the wind turbines. Therefore, in this paper a description of the model and control system of a PMSG using full-rated VSC are reviewed and their Inertial Frequency Response capability is presented through two methodologies. At the end, simulation and experimental tests results are shown in order to compare these two different options and analyse their viability.

关键词： Experimental Platform Frequency Support Offshore Wind Turbines permanent magnet synchronous generator Voltage Source Converter

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permanent magnet synchronous generator for Tidal Turbine Application in Raz Blanchard - Modeling and Control Strategy 16

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Tidal Turbine App...

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16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition (PEMC)

作者： Diallo, M. O. F. Youssef, S. Gualous, H. Camara, M. B. Dakyo, B. Univ Caen IUT Cherbourg Lab LUSAC F-50100 Octeville France Univ Havre Lab GREAH F-76058 Le Havre France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479920600

This paper presents the control strategy of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) destined to Raz Blanchard's tidal turbine application. Used PMSG presents a rated power of 2 MW connected to a tidal turbine with a radius of 10 m. The produced energy is injected in electrical grid with line to line RSM voltage of 20kV-50Hz. The used converter for energy management is based on back-to-back configuration. Proposed control strategies are implemented in Matlab/Simulink software for system simulations. The simulations are done using the tidal current magnitude obtained from hydrodynamic model, and obtained results are presented and analyzed.

关键词： Control strategy Energetic capability generator Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) permanent magnet synchronous generator Renewable energy tidal-turbine

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permanent magnet synchronous generator coupled to Variable Speed Small Wind Turbine: Modeling and Experimental Testing

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator coupled to Variable S...

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AEIT Annual Conference

作者： Bastianelli, Lorenzo Castellani, Francesco Morettini, Valentina Pompei, Michele Raschi, Enrico Tissi, Francesco Univ Perugia Dept Engn Ctr Elect & Magnet Appl Res Via G Duranti 67 I-06125 Perugia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9788887237245

This paper deals with a typical mini aero-generator system connected to a low voltage power network. Each component of the system is modeled by a suitable equivalent circuit. The permanent magnet synchronous machine is replaced by its two axis equivalent model. The total network can be numerically analyzed by a numerical solver and the performances of the power generation system at variable wind speed and mechanical torque can be predicted. The accuracy of the modeling is proved by experimental tests made with a dedicated testing chain designed and realized in our laboratory.

关键词： permanent magnet generators synchronous generators wind turbines low voltage power network mechanical torque mini aerogenerator system permanent magnet synchronous generator power generation system variable speed small wind turbine variable wind speed Bridge circuits Decision support systems Equivalent circuits Insulated gate bipolar transistors Power systems Rectifiers Velocity control magnetoelectric generators ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS insulated gate bipolar transistors synchronous generators Bridge circuits equivalent circuits Wind Energy Conversion Systems Velocity control Rectifiers wind speed power systems decision support systems

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permanent magnet synchronous generator Wind Power Plant Study 4

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Power Plant Stud...

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4th International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA)

作者： Celikdemir, Soner Ozdemir, Mehmet Bitlis Eren Univ Tatvan MYO Bitlis Turkey Firat Univ Elekt Elekt Muhendisligi Elazig Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781728127262

In this study, low-power wind plant with permanent magnet synchronous generator designed plants were compared with the results of simulation studies. While the design is made to ensure the operation of the wind turbine at different wind speeds are mentioned selection criteria air ducts and components. In addition, DC voltage, charger and inverter aimed to investigate as a whole. Five wings, horizontal axis, permanent magnet and the output of the rectifier circuit of wind turbine system is described the design steps. The rectifier output voltage, after applying the voltage regulator was charged with battery systems. The charged voltage, applied as input to the inverter operating at different loads were analyzed. In the simulation studies, Matlab / Simulink computer program was used. While all this is done, the priority target;to examine the applicability of the study, is to contribute to the expansion of these systems.

关键词： Wind Turbine Wind Plant Design Matlab/Simulink Simulation permanent magnet synchronous generator

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