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A Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2017年第5期46卷 2676-2683页

作者： Quan, Rui Zhou, Wei Yang, Guangyou Quan, Shuhai Hubei Univ Technol Agr Mech Engn Res & Design Inst Wuhan Peoples R China Hubei Univ Technol Collaborat Innovat Ctr Southern Agr Machinery & E Wuhan Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Automobile Engn Wuhan Peoples R China

To make full use of the maximum output power of automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG) based on Bi2Te3 thermoelectric modules (TEMs), taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of existing maximum power point tracking methods, and according to the output characteristics of TEMs, a hybrid maximum power point tracking method combining perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, quadratic interpolation and constant voltage tracking method was put forward in this paper. Firstly, it searched the maximum power point with P&O algorithms and a quadratic interpolation method, then, it forced the AETEG to work at its maximum power point with constant voltage tracking. A synchronous buck converter and controller were implemented in the electric bus of the AETEG applied in a military sports utility vehicle, and the whole system was modeled and simulated with a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum output power of the AETEG based on the proposed hybrid method is increased by about 3.0% and 3.7% compared with that using only the P&O algorithm and the quadratic interpolation method, respectively. The shorter tracking time is only 1.4 s, which is reduced by half compared with that of the P&O algorithm and quadratic interpolation method, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the tracked maximum power is approximately equal to the real value using the proposed hybrid method,and it can preferentially deal with the voltage fluctuation of the AETEG with only P&O algorithm, and resolve the issue that its working point can barely be adjusted only with constant voltage tracking when the operation conditions change.

关键词： Automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator maximum power point tracking perturb and observe algorithm quadratic interpolation method constant voltage tracking

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Fuzzy cognitive network-based maximum power point tracking using a self-tuned adaptive gain scheduled fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller and improved artificial neural network-based particle swarm optimization

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FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS 2020年 381卷 26-50页

作者： Chouksey, Amit Awasthi, S. Singh, S. K. Jayoti Vidyapeeth Womens Univ Mahala Jobner Link Rd Village Jharna 303122 Rajasthan India

The increased demand for electrical energy has driven the development of renewable energy sources. In particular, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) systems has become popular because of its simplicity and low cost. However, the nonlinear characteristics and power fluctuations due to changes in the temperature and irradiation hinder the maximum utilization of the power with a PV system. Thus, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control technique is used to extract the maximum available power from PV arrays. Due to insolation and variations in temperature in a PV system, the conventional MPPT techniques are readily trapped by local maxima to significantly reduce the conversion efficiency. In order to overcome this issue, we developed a novel perturb and observe algorithm based on an adaptive fuzzy PID controller with an improved artificial neural network-based particle swarm optimization method for tracking the maximum power point with high tracking speed as well as maintaining the system's stability. In addition, we used a fuzzy cognitive network to maintain the equilibrium state, which is essential for improving the conversion efficiency. Simulation results and performance evaluations using our proposed method demonstrated its suitability for applications in PV systems. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuzzy cognitive network Fuzzy PID controller Improved neural network-based particle swarm optimization Maximum power point tracking perturb and observe algorithm Photovoltaic system

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A High-Performance Shade-Tolerant MPPT Based on Current-Mode Control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2019年第10期34卷 10327-10340页

作者： Hosseini, Seyedkazem Taheri, Shamsodin Farzaneh, Masoud Taheri, Hamed Univ Quebec Outaouais Dept Comp Sci & Engn Gatineau PQ J8X 3X7 Canada Univ Quebec Chicoutimi Chicoutimi PQ G7H 2B1 Canada Current Powered GE Lachine PQ H8T 3M6 Canada

This paper proposes a high-performance shadetolerant maximum power point tracking (STMPPT) technique for dc-dc converter stage of photovoltaic (PV) applications. The average current-mode control (ACMC) is utilized to regulate the PV array current using two feedback control loops. The current-mode control is a superior scheme in control of dc-dc power electronic converters. The proposed STMPPT technique operates in two modes. The ACMC with the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm functions in a local MPPT mode under normal irradiance condition. When the PV array is likely to be partially shaded, a global MPPT subroutine effectively scans the PV profile to optimize the PV system operation. This is achieved by implementing simple innovations to the ACMC-based P&O algorithm. The innovations benefit from useful observations of I-V characteristics. The idea behind using the I-V characteristics is to significantly reduce the search space, make the algorithm independent of shading conditions and PV array configuration, and inherently recognize the occurrence of partial shading conditions. The proposed STMPPT technique enables very fast and reliable tracking of global maximum power point. In addition, it can stably work under dynamic environmental change without losing correct sense of tracking direction. Its simplicity and independency would offer a viable solution for PV converter products. Simulation and experimental performance assessments are presented under different operating conditions that could happen in outdoor PV installations.

关键词： Current-mode control partial shading condition (PSC) perturb and observe algorithm photovoltaic system shade-tolerant maximum power point tracking

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A Novel High-Gain Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter With Improved P&O MPPT for Photovoltaic Applications

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 58790-58806页

作者： Rao, Chaoping Hajjiah, Ali El-Meligy, Mohammed A. Sharaf, Mohamed Soliman, Ahmed T. Mohamed, Mohamed A. Wuhan Qingchuan Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Wuhan 430204 Peoples R China Kuwait Univ Dept Elect Engn Coll Engn & Petr Kuwait 13060 Kuwait King Saud Univ Adv Mfg Inst Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ Dept Ind Engn Coll Engn Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia Menia Univ Dept Elect Engn Fac Engn Al Minya 61519 Egypt Fuzhou Univ Dept Elect Engn Fuzhou 350116 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a novel high voltage gain structure of DC-DC converter with soft-switching ability for photovoltaic (PV) applications. A small size coupled inductor with one magnet core is utilized to improve the voltage conversion ratio in the proposed converter. The converter has one active MOSFET with low conducting resistance (RDS-ON), which in turn reduces the conduction losses and complexity of the control section. Due to the low input current ripple, the lifetime of the input PV panel is increased, and the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV panel can be easily tracked. The MOSFET's zero-voltage and zero-current switching and diodes are the other countenance of the proposed converter, which improve its efficiency. Additionally, an improved perturb and observe MPP tracking (IP&O MPPT) algorithm is introduced to boost the extracted power of the input PV sources. To validate the performance of this converter, the operation modes principle, steady-state and efficiency survey, and comparison results with other same family converters are carried out. Finally, an experiential prototype is built with 20 V input, 200 V output, power rate of 200 W, and 50 kHz operating frequency to validate the mathematical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed structure. The efficiency of the proposed converter was estimated by over 95% at various power levels.

关键词： perturb and observe algorithm dc-dc converter photovoltaic MPPT zero current switching high efficiency

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An enhanced P&O checking algorithm MPPT for high tracking efficiency of partially shaded PV module

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SOLAR ENERGY 2018年 163卷 570-580页

作者： Alik, Rozana Jusoh, Awang Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Elect Engn Skudai 81310 Malaysia

This paper presents the impact of partial shading to the PV system and proposes an enhanced perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm with a checking algorithm. This checking algorithm compared all existed peaks on the PV curve to clarify the global maximum power point (GMPP). The boost converter duty cycle is calculated using voltage at MPP (V-MPP), identified through a variable step size P&O algorithm. The major advantages of this method are low-cost, simple and accurate. The PV power and voltage rating used for this paper are 42 W and 17 V respectively. Boost converter is used to boost the PV voltage twice for the load. Two different methodologies have been done which were a simulation model using MATLAB/Simulink and hardware implementation using Arduino Mega 2560. Both simulation and hardware results indicated that the proposed algorithm provided excellent efficiency of 99.96% and 99.86% respectively. The proposed algorithm improved the conventional P&O MPPT tracking efficiency by more than 16% during partial shading condition. On the other hand, the system with conventional P&O MPPT seems unstable and produced higher percentage of error. Plus, the boost converter efficiency also provided more than 70% in both conditions. In summary, the proposed method is useful for solar PV in any irradiation condition with high efficiency of the system.

关键词： Photovoltaic system Maximum power point tracker perturb and observe algorithm Partial shading condition

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MPP detection of a partially shaded PV array by continuous GA and hybrid PSO

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AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2015年第2期6卷 471-479页

作者： Shankar, G. Mukherjee, V. Indian Sch Mines Dept Elect Engn Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India

Power versus voltage curve of a uniformly shaded photovoltaic (PV) array has only one maximum power point (MPP). However, when the array is partially shaded, there may be several local MPPs and there exists only one global MPP. The commonly employed perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm works well in detecting the MPP of a PV array when the array is uniformly shaded. However, when the array is partially shaded, the operating point based on P&O method may converge to a local MPP of the array rather than the global one resulting in its under-utilization. In this paper, continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) and hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm are adopted in detecting the global MPP of a partially shaded PV array. It is observed that the performance of the HPSO is better than either P&O method or the CGA in finding the global maxima of a partially shaded PV array. (C) 2014 Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

关键词： Continuous genetic algorithm Hybrid particle swarm optimization Maximum power point tracker perturb and observe algorithm Photovoltaic array

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Nonlinear controller for MPPT based photovoltaic system under variable atmospheric conditions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODELLING IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL 2020年第1期35卷 29-39页

作者： Lamzouri, Fatima Ez-zahra Boufounas, El-mahjoub El Amrani, Aumeur Moulay Ismail Univ Meknes Fac Sci & Technol REIPT Lab Dept Phys BP 509 Boutalamine 52000 Errachidia Morocco

This present paper depicts a robust controller design based on backstepping sliding mode controller (BSMC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The investigated PV system is based on a PV module as power source, a DC-DC boost converter and a resistive load. A modified conventional perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm based MPPT control is designed, which presents good performances under constant atmospheric conditions. However, the solar radiation and cell temperature variations present a major effect on the PV output power. Thus, the proposed BSMC controller can allow to the PV system operate around the estimated MPPT under variable atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, the Lyapunov theory is used in order to demonstrate the stability of the PV system with BSMC controller. Moreover, the investigated control approach effectiveness is exhibited by comparing the developed BSMC controller, conventional sliding mode controller (SMC) and modified P&O algorithm. For the proposed BSMC approach, the obtained results with simulation illustrate good efficiency in terms of transition response, tracking error and fast response to atmospheric conditions variation.

关键词： photovoltaic system MPPT maximum power point tracking SMC sliding mode control backstepping approach perturb and observe algorithm

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Forward converter-based distributed global maximum power point tracking in partial shading conditions

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SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020年第2期2卷 248页

作者： Basoglu, Mustafa Engin Gumushane Univ Fac Engn & Nat Sci Dept Elect & Elect Engn Gumushane Turkey

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an essential part of a photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems to obtain the possible biggest efficiency. In partial shading conditions (PSCs), distributed MPPT strategy is used to eliminate mismatching cases between PV modules and load. In this study, forward converter-based distributed MPPT approach is presented for small power module-level and submodule-level MPPT applications. First, operation principles of a forward converter are explained for an MPPT application. Then, performance of a forward converter is evaluated by perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for module-level and submodule-level MPPT systems in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that in module-level MPPT technique, forward converter cannot track global maximum power point (MPP) in some PSCs. On the other hand, submodule-level MPPT guarantees global MPPT (GMPPT). Average tracking efficiencies are calculated as 71.24% and 95.34% for module-level and submodule-level MPPT, respectively. That is, submodule-level MPPT outperforms module-level MPPT. On the other hand, submodule-level MPPT is more expensive solution since hardware requirements are very high compared with the module-level MPPT strategy.

关键词： Distributed MPPT Forward converter perturb and observe algorithm Submodule-level MPPT

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Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP FPGA based DC Voltage Regulators for PV Systems

Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP FPGA based DC Voltage Regulators for P...

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International Conference on Processing of Materials, Minerals and Energy (PMME)

作者： Prathap, Joseph Anthony Anandhi, T. S. Sivakumaran, T. S. Annamalai Univ Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Chidambaram India Sasurie Acad Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

This paper explains the design and implementation of perturb and observe Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm combined with the Closed Loop Digital PI control algorithm to generate the Digital Pulse Width Modulation using Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP Field Programmable Gate Array for regulating the load voltage of DC-DC buck converter. And also concentrates on the methods for generation of DPWM techniques say Delay line based Digital Pulse Width Modulation and Hybrid based Digital Pulse Width Modulation with the 210 bit resolution. All the algorithms are developed by VHSIC Hardware Description Language coding and are implemented using Xilinx ISE 12.1 tool. The hardware results validate the satisfactory voltage regulation of PV system under continuous changing weather condition. The Hybrid based Digital Pulse Width Modulation seems to have better time transient response than the Delay line based Digital Pulse Width Modulation. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field Programmable Gate Array perturb and observe algorithm Maximum Power Point Tracking Digital PI Control Digital Pulse Width Modulation Techniques DC-DC Buck Converter

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Investigation and simulation of a solar water pumping system with a speed-controlled DC motor 12

Investigation and simulation of a solar water pumping system...

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12th International Conference on Smart Grid (ICSmartGrid)

作者： Benabida, Farid Aissa, Oualid Talhaoui, Hicham Babes, Badreddine Colak, Ilhami Univ Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj Bou Arre LPMRN Lab Fac Sci & Technol El Anceur Algeria Res Ctr Ind Technol CRTI Algiers Algeria Istinye Univ Fac Engn & Nat Sci Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkiye

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361612;9798350361629

An investigation on a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system (PVWPS) based on a DC motor, under an imposed rotation speed and changeable weather conditions, has been done in this research work. Thus, to extract the maximum power point of the studied system, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm and Incremental Conductance (IC) strategy are applied. The investigation is conducted on a centrifugal pump driven by a DC motor with speed control by using the MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results from the designed PVWPS demonstrate that the IC strategy outperforms the P&O algorithm in convergence speed, while the P&O offers superior steady-state oscillation performance under high irradiation levels.

关键词： Solar Pumping System Incremental Conductance strategy perturb and observe algorithm DC motor Speed Control

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