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IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Knoll, Florian West Coast Univ Appl Sci Fac Engn Heide Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346214

Registered depth and intensity data at a high frame rate, a compact design, low weight and a reduced power consumption have motivated the increasing usage of lock-in time-of-flight cameras in research areas such as computer graphics, machine vision and robotics. State of the art is to use continuous wave modulation with square waves for TOF cameras. Square waves can be easily generated digitally with a high accuracy and stability using programmable logic devices. In this paper a modulation method based on sine waves is proposed, which significantly reduces the depth distortion offset (wiggling effect) of lock-in TOF cameras.

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement component

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Modulation Method for minimizing the Depth Distortion Offset of Lock-in TOF Cameras

Modulation Method for minimizing the Depth Distortion Offset...

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IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Stephan Hussmann Florian Knoll Faculty of Engineering West Coast University of Applied Sciences Heide Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346214

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement component

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Systematic distance deviation error compensation for a ToF-camera in the close-up range

Systematic distance deviation error compensation for a ToF-c...

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29th Annual IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Huhn, Peter Hermanski, Alexander West Coast Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Heide Germany West Coast Univ Appl Sci Inst Machine Vis Technol Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717710

In machine vision applications, Time-of-Flight (TOF) sensors like the Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) became considerable alternatives to common 3D sensing devices. Because of the enormous progress in TOF-vision systems, nowadays 3D matrix cameras can be used for many applications such as robotic, automotive, industrial, medical and multimedia applications. This paper focuses on the range data resolution for machine vision applications in the close-up range. A new approach is presented which achieves a range data resolution in the lower millimeter range for low-cost commercial TOF cameras. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is well suited for machine vision applications.

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement component high resolution

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Real-time image processing of TOF range images using a single shot image capture algorithm

Real-time image processing of TOF range images using a singl...

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29th Annual IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Hermanski, Alexander West Coast Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Heide Germany West Coast Univ Appl Sci Inst Machine Vision Technol Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717710

During the last years, Time-of-Flight sensors achieved a significant impact onto research fields in machine vision. In comparison to other common 3D sensing devices they combine the advantages of active sensors providing accurate distance measurements and camera-based systems recording a 2D matrix at a high frame rate. This paper focuses on the currently implemented 4-phase-shift algorithm to calculate the range image in this type of sensors. A new approach is presented which increases the range calculation time by a factor of four. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is well suited for real-time processing of the range images of TOF cameras.

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement component real-time image processing

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Real-Time Motion Artifact Suppression in TOF Camera Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2011年第5期60卷 1682-1690页

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Hermanski, Alexander Edeler, Torsten Westcoast Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol D-25746 Heide Germany Westcoast Univ Appl Sci Inst Machine Vis Technol D-25746 Heide Germany

Object movement influences the distance reliability of 3-D time-of-flight cameras and thus affects subsequent processing tasks in a negative way. This paper proposed a simple motion suppression method for objects moving on a conveyor belt, which can be easily implemented in hardware. Due to the hardware implementation, real-time performance is guaranteed. The algorithm has been validated in software first and subsequently implemented into a field-programmable gate array. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effectively working.

关键词： Motion artifact compensation optical distance measurement phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMDs) time of flight (TOF)

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Real-time image processing of TOF range images using a reconfigurable processor system

Real-time image processing of TOF range images using a recon...

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Conference on Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications XI

作者： Hussmann, S. Knoll, F. Edeler, T. Westcoast Univ Appl Sci Inst Machine Vis Technol Ma Vi Tec D-25746 Heide Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819486813

During the last years, Time-of-Flight sensors achieved a significant impact onto research fields in machine vision. In comparison to stereo vision system and laser range scanners they combine the advantages of active sensors providing accurate distance measurements and camera-based systems recording a 2D matrix at a high frame rate. Moreover low cost 3D imaging has the potential to open a wide field of additional applications and solutions in markets like consumer electronics, multimedia, digital photography, robotics and medical technologies. This paper focuses on the currently implemented 4-phase-shift algorithm in this type of sensors. The most time critical operation of the phase-shift algorithm is the arctangent function. In this paper a novel hardware implementation of the arctangent function using a reconfigurable processor system is presented and benchmarked against the state-of-the-art CORDIC arctangent algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is well suited for real-time processing of the range images of TOF cameras.

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement component real-time image processing instruction set interpretation custom instructions

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Real-Time Motion Artifact Suppression in TOF Camera Systems

Real-Time Motion Artifact Suppression in TOF Camera Systems

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IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Conference

关键词： Motion artifact compensation optical distance measurement phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMDs) time of flight (TOF)

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Real-time motion supression in TOF range images

Real-time motion supression in TOF range images

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International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Hermanski, Alexander Edeler, Torsten Westcoast Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Heide Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428335

Object movement influences distance reliability of 3D TOF cameras and thus affects subsequent processing task in a negative way. This paper proposed a simple motion suppression method for objects moving on a conveyor belt, which can be easily implemented into a FPGA. Due to the hardware implementation real-time performance is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is working effectively.

关键词： phase measurement phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer devices (PMD) time-of-flight (TOF) optical distance measurement motion compensation

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Three-Dimensional TOF Robot Vision System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2009年第1期58卷 141-146页

作者： Hussmann, Stephan Liepert, Thorsten Westcoast Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol D-25746 Heide Germany

Stereo vision (SV) is widely used and is well known for many 3-D image applications. In this paper, a 3-D time-of-flight system will be introduced, which is integrated into a robot vision system. The pros and cons of the system in comparison with SV are discussed, and the basic equations needed to acquire the range information are illustrated. Moreover, object segmentation algorithms working on the range data are presented. Experimental results show that the accuracy and repeatability of such a system is applicable for industrial applications.

关键词： Chain-code algorithm object segmentation phase-shift algorithm photonic mixer device (PMD) statistical moments time-of-flight (TOF)

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Methods for removal of spurious reflection effect on phase-shifting interferometry

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JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS 2006年第8期8卷 617-624页

作者： Zhong, Xianghong Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech Lab Informat Opt Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China

Spurious reflection is one of the troublesome problems in phase-shifting interferometry. This paper deals with the problem on the basis of a two-run-times-two-frame phase-shift algorithm, in which the phase shifts are shared out between the reference beam and the object beam. The effect of spurious reflection on phase measurement is investigated;two simple methods for removal of the effect are presented and each needs only six interferograms. Two other solutions to the spurious reflection problem are also reviewed. The simulation results obtained using these four solutions are compared. The influence of a mix of phase-shifter miscalibration and spurious reflection on phase measurement is also discussed.

关键词： spurious reflection phase retrieval phase-shift algorithm phase-shifting interferometry

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