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Decode-and-forward cooperative transmission in wireless sensor networks based on physical-layer network coding

WIRELESS networkS 2024年第5期30卷 3387-3393页

作者： Li, Bo Yang, Junyi Yang, Hongjuan Liu, Gongliang Ma, Ruofei Peng, Xiyuan Harbin Inst Technol Weihai Weihai Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Auto Test & Control Inst Harbin Peoples R China

In order to tackle the problem of reducing the transmission delay of multi-data acquisition source nodes in wireless sensor networks, we propose a cooperative method based on decode-and-forward (DF) and physical-layer network coding. In this proposed method, the two source nodes simultaneously transmit the respective information to the relay node and the data sink node using the orthogonal carriers. The relay node demodulates the received information separately from two source nodes and employs quadrature phase shift keying to modulate these information before forwarding them. The data sink node decodes the information of two source nodes using log likelihood ratio based on the signals received from the direct link and the relay link. Simulation results of bit error rate and system throughput show that the cooperative method can effectively improve the performance of the cooperative system compared with the traditional DF.

关键词： Decode-and-forward physical-layer network coding Cooperative communication Throughput

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A Novel Reconfigurable Mapping of physical-layer network coding With M-QAM

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第1期28卷 4-8页

作者： Yuan, Menglian Tang, Meng Li, Jiaqi Wang, Hao Yu, Yongtao Yunnan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Kunming 650504 Peoples R China Yuxi Normal Univ Sch Math & Informat Technol Yuxi 653100 Peoples R China

In this letter, a novel reconfigurable mapping (RM) scheme for a physical-layer network coding (PNC) system based on M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) is proposed. To solve the ambiguity problem, key expressions were given in our system, efficient algorithms were designed, and corresponding mapping rule tables were developed. This technique offers significant advantages over other technologies. Simulation results demonstrate that the RM-16QAM scheme provides a gain of 2.4 dB compared to alternative schemes, while the RM-64QAM strategy confers a notable gain of 6.3 dB over the conventional scheme.

关键词： physical-layer network coding high-order modulation M-QAM reconfigurable mapping

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Bit Error Rate for physical-layer network coding With M-QAM-OFDM Signals

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2025年第1期14卷 153-157页

作者： Doost, Ehsan Atefat Saghezchi, Firooz B. Navarro, Antonio Rodriguez, Jonathan Univ Aveiro Inst Telecomunicacoes Campus Univ Santiago P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol D-52074 Aachen Germany Univ Aveiro Dept Elect Telecommun & Informat P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal Univ South Wales Fac Comp Engn & Sci Pontypridd CF37 1DL Wales

In this letter, we derive the closed-form analytical expressions for the exact Bit Error Rate (BER) of physical layer network coding (PNC) systems considering M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) schemes in O... 详细信息

关键词： Relays Symbols Bit error rate AWGN channels Noise Binary phase shift keying network coding Signal to noise ratio OFDM Precoding physical-layer network coding two-way relay channel M-QAM bit error rate

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Implementation of DNN-Based physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2023年第6期72卷 7380-7394页

作者： Wang, Xuesong Lu, Lu Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Space Utilizat Key Lab Space Utilizat Technol & Engn Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

physical-layer network coding (PNC) has been proposed to double the throughput of a wireless two-way relay network (TWRN) and has been adapted so that it can be applied in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Deep neural network (DNN)-based physical-layer network coding (PNC) for the TWRN system has been studied in recent years, under the assumption that the channel state information (CSI) is available to the end nodes and the relay node. However, the state-of-the-art DNN-based PNC system was only feasible for theoretical simulations, and no practical system design has been studied. When moving from theory to practical wireless systems, there are two critical issues to tackle: 1) unlike conventional regularly shaped quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs), the constellation points of a DNN-based PNC system's end nodes are irregular and unpredictable to the relay node;and 2) other than in high-precision simulations, the practical DNNbased PNC system's constellation points are not fixed, that is, there is usually a cluster of points that must be grouped together so that the transceiver's digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can work properly. To solve the above issues, we proposed the DNN-PNC implementation that can be realized using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) platform. The computational complexity of our simulated DNN-PNC is one order of magnitude smaller than that given in the literature, while maintaining a good bit error rate (BER). In the implementation phase, we find that the naturally-happened power imbalance between the two end nodes' signals in our implementation can significantly boost the PNC constellation recovery, and hence reduce the system BER. Our experimental results showed that the BER of DNN-PNC can be lower than 10(-4) when the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) is 16 dB for the 2-QAM case and 20 dB for the 4-QAM case, respectively. These results indicate that DNN-based PNC is feasible for VANET applica

关键词： physical-layer network coding deep neural network wireless channel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Implementation of Short-Packet physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2023年第1期22卷 284-298页

作者： Ullah, Shakeel Salamat Liew, Soung Chang Liva, Gianluigi Wang, Taotao CU Coding Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Commun & Networking D-82234 Wessling Germany Shenzhen Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

This paper presents the implementation and experimental evaluation of a short-packet physical-layer network coding (PNC) system. Implementation of short-packet PNC systems is challenging. First, short packets may have only a few pilot symbols for synchronization and channel estimation purposes. Increasing the number of pilots increases the overhead;decreasing the number of pilots, on the other hand, degrades the packet error rate performance. Second, many short-packet systems are meant for applications with very stringent delay requirements. Employing advanced but complex PNC channel decoding may result in unacceptable delay due to the processing delay. This work presents a low-complexity and low-overhead physical-layer design of OFDM-based short-packet PNC systems, implemented over the software-defined radio platform. Our design makes use of only a small number of pilots (without separate OFDM preamble symbols) to address issues such as slot synchronization, packet detection, carrier frequency offsets, and mismatched channel state information. Our design employs reduced-complexity XOR channel decoding based code-aided parameter estimation (that includes synchronization and channel estimation) to compensate for the limitations imposed by having a small number of pilots. This is the first demonstration that provides a practical framework for applying PNC to short-packet communications.

关键词： physical-layer network coding short-packet transmissions software-defined radios code-aided parameter estimation XOR channel decoding

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Gaussian and Fading Multiple Access Using Linear physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第5期22卷 3099-3113页

作者： Chen, Qiuzhuo Yu, Fangtao Yang, Tao Liu, Rongke Beihang Univ Sch Elect Informat Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

This paper concerns with efficient communication over Gaussian and fading multiple-access channels (MACs). Existing orthogonal multiple-access (OMA) and power-domain nonorthogonal-OMA (NOMA) cannot achieve all rate-tuples in the MAC capacity region. Meanwhile, code-domain NOMA schemes usually require big-loop receiver-iterations for multiuser decoding, which is subject to high implementation cost and latency. This paper studies a linear physical-layer network coding multiple access (LPNC-MA) scheme that is capable of achieving any rate-tuples in the MAC capacity region without receiver iterations. For deterministic Gaussian MACs with M users, we propose to utilize q-ary irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes over finite integer fields/rings and q-ary pulse amplitude modulation (q-PAM) as the underlying coded-modulation. The receiver sequentially computes M network coded (NC) messages of the M users. All users' messages are then recovered by solving the computed M NC messages via the inverse of the NC coefficient matrix. A joint nested code construction and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart based code optimization method is developed, yielding near-capacity performance (within 0.7 and 1.1 dB the capacity limits for two and three users respectively). For fading MAC, we study the symmetric rate of LPNC-MA, and propose a pragmatic method for identifying the mutual information (MI) maximizing network coding coefficient matrix. Numerical results demonstrate that the frame error rate (FER) of the optimized LPNC-MA is within a fraction of dB the outage probability of fading MAC capacity. LPNC-MA remarkably outperforms NOMA-SIC and IDMA while avoiding the big-loop receiver iteration.

关键词： Codes Receivers Iterative decoding NOMA Fading channels network coding Modulation physical-layer network coding compute-forward multiple access coded modulation iterative decoding successive interference cancellation

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On Secure CDRT With NOMA and physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第1期71卷 381-396页

作者： Lei, Hongjiang She, Xusheng Park, Ki-Hong Ansari, Imran Shafique Shi, Zheng Jiang, Jing Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Mobile Commun Technol Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Xian Univ Posts & Telecommun Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Commun Network & Secur Xian 710121 Shaanxi Peoples R China King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol CEMSE Div Thuwal 239556900 Saudi Arabia Univ Glasgow James Watt Sch Engn Glasgow City G12 8QQ Scotland Jinan Univ Sch Intelligent Syst Sci & Engn Zhuhai 519070 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a new scheme to enhance the secrecy performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based coordinated direct relay transmission (CDRT) systems with an untrusted relay. The physical-layer network coding (PNC) and the NOMA schemes are combined to improve spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, inter-user interference and friendly jamming signals are utilized to suppress the eavesdropping ability of the untrusted relay without compromising the acceptance quality of legitimate users. Specifically, the far user in the first slot and the near user in the second slot act as jammers that generate jamming signals to ensure secure transmissions of confidential messages. We investigate the secrecy performance of the NOMA-based CDRT systems with the PNC scheme and derive the closed-form expression for the ergodic secrecy sum rate. The asymptotic analysis at a high signal-to-noise ratio is performed to obtain more insights. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed scheme's effectiveness and the theoretical analysis's correctness.

关键词： Relays Jamming NOMA Throughput Security Downlink Uplink Coordinated direct relay transmission non-orthogonal multiple access physical-layer network coding physical layer security ergodic secrecy sum rate

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Performance Analysis of physical-layer network coding for IIoT Applications 9

Performance Analysis of Physical-Layer Network Coding for II...

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9th International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering (ICOM)

作者： Yassin, Alaa A. Saeed, Rashid A. Yousif, Ebtihal H. G. Khalifa, Othman O. Sudan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Khartoum Sudan Inter Islamic Uni Malaysia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Libyan Ctr Engn Res & Informat Technol Bani Walid Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349795;9798350349788

physical-layer network coding (PNC) was introduced into wireless communication systems to improve system performance metrics such as error rates. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) utilized the PNC concept to communicate robots together and computer applications with high data rates, low latency, and full diversity. A two-way relay network (TWRN) is a basic implementation of PNC in research. This paper provides a performance analysis of TWRN-PNC for IIOT applications over a Rayleigh fading channel employing high-order modulation. The theoretical framework of the proposed model is derived in closed form for the uplink and downlink phases. Additionally, the maximum likelihood (ML) and Latin square (LS) methods are considered for the mapping of superimposed signals to achieve the denoising-and-forward (DNF) relaying protocol in PNC. Theoretical and simulation results of average symbol error rate probability are demonstrated for both multiple access and end-to-end error, using square-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 4-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation schemes, respectively, and simulated uplink throughput at the relay. The positive results are obtained in both simulation and exact results of high-order modulation using Monte Carlo simulation and reported the effectiveness of the approach across varying modulation levels. Throughput is approximately double that of traditional network links.

关键词： physical-layer network coding IIoT Symbol Error Rate QAM Rayleigh Fading Channel

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physical-layer network coding Enhanced Visible Light Communications Using RGB LEDs

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2023年第1期15卷 1页

作者： Xiong, Jian Zhang, Runxin Lu, Lu Sun, Qifu Tyler Long, Keping Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Comp & Commun Engn Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Technol & Engn Ctr Space Utilizat Key Lab Space Utilizat Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci China Emai Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Visible light communications (VLC) is a good candidate technology for the 6th generation (6G) wireless communications. Red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based VLC has become an important research branch due to its low price and high reliability. However, the saturation of photodiode (PD) caused by the ambient background light may seriously degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of an RGB-VLC system's three spatially uncoupled information streams (i.e., red, green, and blue LEDs can transmit different data packets simultaneously) in practical applications. To mitigate the ambient light interference in point-to-point RGB-VLC systems, we propose, PNC-VLC, a network-coded scheme that uses two LEDs with the same color at the transmitter to transmit two different data streams and we make use of the naturally overlapped signals at the receiver to formulate physical-layer network coding (PNC). The adaptivity of PNC-VLC could effectively improve the BER degradation problem caused by the saturation of PD under the influence of ambient light. We conducted simulations based on the parameters of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products to prove the superiority of the PNC-VLC under the influence of four typical illuminants. Simulation results show that the PNC-VLC system can maintain a better and more stable system BER performance under different ambient background light conditions. Remarkably, with 2/3 throughput efficiency, PNC-VLC can bring 133.3% gain to the BER performance when compared with RGB-VLC under the Illuminant A interference model, making it a good option for VLC applications with unpredictable ambient background interferences.

关键词： Light emitting diodes Optical transmitters Visible light communication Optical saturation Optical receivers Optical filters Image color analysis Visible light communications physical-layer network coding ambient light noise photodiode saturation

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Peak Age of Collection in Coordinated Direct and Relay Transmission with physical-layer network coding 99

Peak Age of Collection in Coordinated Direct and Relay Trans...

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IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring)

作者： Meng, Guiyu Liu, Hai Chan, Tse-Tin Educ Univ Hong Kong Dept Math & Informat Technol Hong Kong Peoples R China Hang Seng Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387414

This paper investigates the information freshness of joint status updates, quantified by the age of collection (AoC), in uplink coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT). In an uplink CDRT setup, a direct sensor communicates directly with the destination, while a relay-aided sensor relies on a decode-and-forward relay. The update packet of each sensor contains partial information about a common observation target. The AoC measures the time elapsed since the generation of the latest set of update packets received at the destination. Hence, unlike the age of information (AoI) metric, the AoC decreases only when all update packets from multiple sources for a common observation are collected (i.e., a successful joint update). When simultaneous transmissions from the direct and relay-aided sensors cause packet collisions at the relay, conventional multiuser decoding (MUD) is usually used to decode native packets explicitly from the superimposed signals. Nevertheless, MUD does not work well when the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of different sensors are (nearly) equal. To this end, this paper puts forth a physical-layer network coding (PNC)-aided CDRT scheme for joint information updating, utilizing both MUD and PNC decoders. The PNC decoder decodes superimposed signals into network-coded packets, particularly effective when the SNRs of different sensors are close. We design an automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol tailored to low AoC and study how network-coded packets can be utilized to reduce the AoC of uplink CDRT, where the closed-form peak AoC formula is derived. We evaluate the PNC-aided CDRT scheme using software-defined radios. Experimental results show that our PNC-aided CDRT scheme significantly reduces the average peak AoC under various SNR conditions.

关键词： Age of collection age of correlated information age of information information freshness physical-layer network coding

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