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A Framework for Evaluating physical-layer network coding Gains in Multi-Hop Wireless networks

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2019年第12期18卷 2725-2739页

作者： Naves, Raphael Khalife, Hicham Jakllari, Gentian Conan, Vania Beylot, Andre-Luc Thales Commun & Secur F-92622 Gennevilliers France Univ Toulouse ENSEEIHT Dept Telecommun & Networks F-31000 Toulouse France

physical-layer network coding (PLNC) was first introduced as a solution to increase the throughput of a two-way relay channel communication. Unlike most wireless communication techniques which try to avoid collisions, PLNC allows two simultaneous transmissions to a common receiver. In basic topologies, this technique has been shown to significantly enhance the throughput performance compared to classical interference-free communications. However, quantifying the impact of PLNC in large multi-hop networks remains an open question. In this work, we introduce the first theoretical framework that, given a particular network topology and traffic matrix, can evaluate the optimal network throughput subject to a fairness constraint relative to the initial demand of each flow, when PLNC is adopted. Based on linear programming, our solution ensures to respect the particularities imposed by PLNC. We use this framework to evaluate three state-of-the-art PLNC schemes across a variety of topologies and traffic matrices. Our numerical analysis reveals that while in simple toy topologies PLNC can significantly increase the network throughput, in large topologies the verdict is mixed. For certain topologies and traffic patterns adopting PLNC can double the throughput while in others, depending on the scheme used for implementing PLNC, the gain can be as high as 60 percent or as low as 0 percent when compared to traditional interference-free transmissions.

关键词： Throughput network coding network topology Topology Relays Spread spectrum communication Wireless communication physical-layer network coding interference management scheduling

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Distance Spectrum and Performance of Channel-Coded physical-layer network coding for Binary-Input Gaussian Two-Way Relay Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第6期60卷 1499-1510页

作者： Yang, Tao Land, Ingmar Huang, Tao Yuan, Jinhong Chen, Zhuo Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Wireless & Networking Technol Lab WNTL Sydney NSW Australia Univ S Australia Inst Telecommun Res Adelaide SA 5001 Australia Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

We investigate a channel-coded physical-layer network coding (CPNC) scheme for binary-input Gaussian two-way relay channels. In this scheme, the codewords of the two users are transmitted simultaneously. The relay computes and forwards a network-coded (NC) codeword without complete decoding of the two users' individual messages. We propose a new punctured codebook method to explicitly find the distance spectrum of the CPNC scheme. Based on that, we derive an asymptotically tight performance bound for the error probability. Our analysis shows that, compared to the single-user scenario, the CPNC scheme exhibits the same minimum Euclidean distance but an increased multiplicity of error events with minimum distance. At a high SNR, this leads to an SNR penalty of at most ln2 (in linear scale), for long channel codes of various rates. Our analytical results match well with the simulated performance.

关键词： Channel coding physical-layer network coding two-way relay channel distance spectrum compute-and-forward

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Coherent Detection for Short-Packet physical-layer network coding With Binary FSK Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第1期19卷 279-292页

作者： Wang, Zhaorui Liew, Soung Chang Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper investigates coherent detection for physical-layer network coding (PNC) with short packet transmissions in a two-way relay channel (TWRC). PNC turns superimposed EM waves into network-coded messages to improve throughput in a relay system. To achieve this, accurate channel information at the relay is a necessity. Much prior work applies preambles to estimate the channel. For long packets, the preamble overhead is low because of the large data payload. For short packets, that is not the case. To avoid excessive overhead, we consider a set-up in which short packets do not have preambles. A key challenge is how the relay can estimate the channel and detect the network-coded messages jointly based on the received signals from the two end users. We design a coherent detector that makes use of a belief propagation (BP) algorithm to do so. For concreteness, we focus on binary frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulation. We show how the BP algorithm can be simplified and made practical with Gaussian-mixture passing. In addition, we demonstrate that prior knowledge on the channel distribution is not needed with our framework. Benchmarked against the detector with prior knowledge of the channel distribution, numerical results show that our detector can have nearly the same performance without such prior knowledge.

关键词： Detectors Frequency shift keying Relays Channel estimation Radio frequency Uplink physical-layer network coding short packet message passing frequency shift keying M2M communications

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A Practical physical-layer network coding with Spatial Modulation in Two-Way Relay networks

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2018年第2期61卷 264-272页

作者： Jung, Bang Chul Yoo, Jae Sook Lee, Woongsup Chungnam Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn Daejeon 34134 South Korea Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Tongyeong 53063 South Korea

In this paper, we consider a two-way relay network consisting of a single relay node and two source nodes, where both the relay node and source nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. Two source nodes are assumed to transmit data with spatial modulation (SM) and the relay node is assumed to try to decode the network-coded packet (via bit-wise exclusive OR operation) of the two packets received from two source nodes, respectively. We propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) signal detection technique for the physical-layer network coded packet with SM for the relay node. Extensive simulation results show that the bit-error rate (BER) at the relay node becomes significantly improved with the proposed SM-based physical-layer network coding (PNC) technique, compared with the conventional PNC technique that achieving the same data rate. In particular, the performance of the proposed technique becomes excellent when the number of antennas at the nodes is large and the data rate is high, which implies that the proposed technique is suitable for the next-generation wireless communication system, i. e. 5G. Note that the proposed SM-based PNC technique does not require channel state information at transmitter (CSIT) and thus it can be implemented easily in practice.

关键词： wireless communications physical-layer network coding multiple antennas spatial modulation maximum-likelihood detector

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Throughput Capacity of IEEE 802.11 Many-to/From-One Bidirectional networks With physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2016年第1期15卷 217-231页

作者： Lin, Shijun Fu, Liqun Xiamen Univ Dept Commun Engn Xiamen 361000 Peoples R China ShanghaiTech Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 200000 Peoples R China

In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of physical-layer network coding (PNC) in a non-all-inclusive carrier-sensing network with IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In particular, we consider the many-to/from-one bidirectional networks in which a common center node exchanges packets with many other nodes through multihop transmissions. We first analyze the canonical networks with equal-link-length (ELL) and variable-link-length (VLL), respectively, and derive the corresponding analytical network capacity. Simulations show that the throughput capacities are reasonably tight. We further maximize the network capacity by properly selecting the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold/transmission rate through numerical calculation. Last but not least, we identify the optimal number of hops that has the maximum network throughput. In particular, the four-hop canonical networks have the maximum network throughput, which indicates that in a many-to/from-one network with five or more hops, it is preferable to transmit the packets across the four-hop nodes to make full use of the PNC scheme. Simulation results show that the throughput gain of PNC scheme with and without considering the synchronization cost can, respectively, reach upto 291.7% and 340.6%, compared with the traditional IEEE 802.11 multihop networks without network coding.

关键词： physical-layer network coding non-all-inclusive carrier-sensing network IEEE 802.11 DCF throughput capacity

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Symbol and Bit Mapping Optimization for physical-layer network coding with Pulse Amplitude Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第8期12卷 3956-3967页

作者： Chang, Ronald Y. Lin, Sian-Jheng Chung, Wei-Ho Acad Sinica Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat Taipei 115 Taiwan Acad Sinica Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat Wireless Commun Lab Taipei 115 Taiwan

In this paper, we consider a two-way relay network in which two users exchange messages through a single relay using a physical-layer network coding (PNC) based protocol. The protocol comprises two phases of communication. In the multiple access (MA) phase, two users transmit their modulated signals concurrently to the relay, and in the broadcast (BC) phase, the relay broadcasts a network-coded (denoised) signal to both users. Nonbinary and binary network codes are considered for uniform and nonuniform pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) adopted in the MA phase, respectively. We examine the effect of different choices of symbol mapping (i.e., mapping from the denoised signal to the modulation symbols at the relay) and bit mapping (i.e., mapping from the modulation symbols to the source bits at the user) on the system error-rate performance. A general optimization framework is proposed to determine the optimal symbol/bit mappings with joint consideration of noisy transmissions in both communication phases. Complexity-reduction techniques are developed for solving the optimization problems. It is shown that the optimal symbol/bit mappings depend on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the channel and the modulation scheme. A general strategy for choosing good symbol/bit mappings is also presented based on a high-SNR analysis, which suggests using a symbol mapping that aligns the error patterns in both communication phases and Gray and binary bit mappings for uniform and nonuniform PAM, respectively.

关键词： physical-layer network coding denoise-and-forward two-way relaying pulse amplitude modulation symbol mapping bit mapping

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Zero-forcing dirty paper coding aided physical-layer network coding for MIMO two-way relaying channels with multiple users

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2011年第2期18卷 53-58页

作者： GONG Peng XU Jie QIU Ling Personal Communication Network & Spread Spectrum Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China

This article considers the two-way multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） relaying channels with multiple users,in which multiple users are served simultaneously by the base station（BS） with the assistance of the *** transmission consists of only two phases,doubling the system throughout over traditional one-way half-duplex transmission.A zero-forcing dirty paper coding（ZFDPC） aided physical-layer network coding（PNC） scheme is proposed in this article and the achievable capacity of the ZFDPC aided PNC scheme is *** results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous decode-and-forward（DF） and zero-forcing beamforming（ZFBF） aided PNC scheme due to more degrees of freedoms and the advantage of ***,we analyze the effect of the imperfect channel state information（CSI） from RS to users at BS side to show the robustness of the proposed ZFDPC aided PNC scheme.

关键词： zero-forcing dirty paper coding MIMO physical-layer network coding two-way relaying multiuser diversity

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Buffer-Aided physical-layer network coding With Optimal Linear Code Designs for Cooperative networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第6期66卷 2560-2575页

作者： Gu, Jiaqi de Lamare, Rodrigo C. Huemer, Mario Univ York Dept Elect Commun Res Grp York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro CETUC BR-22453900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Signal Proc A-4040 Linz Austria

In this paper, we propose buffer-aided physical-layer network coding (PLNC) techniques for improving data transmission over cooperative networks. In particular, we develop buffer-aided PLNC schemes and relay pair selection algorithms for direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. We devise PLNC techniques based on optimal linear network coding matrices according to the maximum likelihood and minimum mean-square error design criteria in order to generate the network coded symbols that are sent to the destination. In the proposed buffer-aided PLNC schemes, relay pair selection algorithms are developed to obtain the relay pair and the packets in the buffer entries with the best performance and the associated link combinations are used for the data transmission. An analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed techniques along with their sum-rate analysis is carried out. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques significantly outperform previously reported approaches.

关键词： DS-CDMA networks cooperative communications physical-layer network coding buffer-aided schemes

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Linear physical-layer network coding Over Hybrid Finite Ring for Rayleigh Fading Two-Way Relay Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第9期62卷 3249-3261页

作者： Fang, Dong Burr, Alister Yuan, Jinhong Univ York Dept Elect York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

In this paper, we propose a novel linear physical-layer network coding scheme over hybrid finite ring (HFR-LPNC) for Rayleigh fading two-way relay channels. The relay maps the superimposed signal of the two users to a linear network coded combination (LNCC) in hybrid finite ring, rather than using the simple bit-wise eXclusive-OR mapping. The optimal linear coefficients are selected to generate the LNCC, aiming to: 1) maximize the sum-rate in the MAC phase;and 2) ensure unambiguous decoding. To avoid the performance degradation caused by high-order irregular mappings, properly designed source coding is used for compressing the LNCC alphabet over the hybrid finite ring into the unifying 4-ary alphabet. We derive the constellation constrained sum-rates for HFR-LPNC in comparison with 5QAM denoise-and-forward (5QAM-DNF), which we use as a reference scheme. Furthermore, we explicitly characterize the rate difference between HFR-LPNC and 5QAM-DNF. Our analysis and simulation show that: 1) HFR-LPNC has a superior ability to mitigate the singular fading compared with 5QAM-DNF;and 2) HFR-LPNC is superior to 5QAM-DNF over a wide range of SNRs.

关键词： physical-layer network coding two-way relay channels constellation constrained capacity finite ring

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Short-Packet physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第2期68卷 737-751页

作者： Ullah, Shakeel Salamat Liew, Soung Chang Liva, Gianluigi Wang, Taotao CU Coding Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Commun & Networking D-82234 Wessling Germany Shenzhen Univ Guangdong Lab Artificial Intelligence & Digital E Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

This paper explores the application of physical-layer network coding (PNC) for short-packet transmissions. PNC can potentially reduce the communication delay in relay-assisted wireless networks and can thus be instrumental in realizing short-packet communication systems with stringent delay requirements. In this work, first, we first derive an achievability bound for channel-coded short-packet PNC systems. Based on the random-coding error-exponent, the bound serves as a benchmark for short-packet PNC operating with traditional preamble-aided channel estimation and XOR channel decoding. Second, we design a blind channel estimation algorithm and a code-aided channel estimation algorithm for short-packet PNC systems. Both outperform the traditional preamble-aided channel estimation for PNC systems operating with mismatched channel-state-information. As a case study, we compare the three algorithms for packets of 128 symbols over a two-way relay channel. The results show that the blind algorithm outperforms the code-aided algorithm and preamble-aided algorithm by almost 0.2 and 1.5 dB respectively. Furthermore, the blind algorithm achieves the target packet error rate of 10(-4) within 0.5 dB of the random coding bound of an imaginary system in which perfect channel-state-information is available at the relay at no cost (i.e., channel estimation is not required in the imaginary system). The bound and the algorithms give us a fundamental framework for applying PNC to short-packet transmissions.

关键词： Channel estimation Decoding Delays Relays Uplink Estimation Benchmark testing physical-layer network coding short-packet transmissions random coding bound mismatched channel-state-information expectation-maximization belief-propagation

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