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On Secure CDRT With NOMA and physical-layer network coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第1期71卷 381-396页

作者： Lei, Hongjiang She, Xusheng Park, Ki-Hong Ansari, Imran Shafique Shi, Zheng Jiang, Jing Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Mobile Commun Technol Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Xian Univ Posts & Telecommun Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Commun Network & Secur Xian 710121 Shaanxi Peoples R China King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol CEMSE Div Thuwal 239556900 Saudi Arabia Univ Glasgow James Watt Sch Engn Glasgow City G12 8QQ Scotland Jinan Univ Sch Intelligent Syst Sci & Engn Zhuhai 519070 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a new scheme to enhance the secrecy performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based coordinated direct relay transmission (CDRT) systems with an untrusted relay. The physical-layer network coding (PNC) and the NOMA schemes are combined to improve spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, inter-user interference and friendly jamming signals are utilized to suppress the eavesdropping ability of the untrusted relay without compromising the acceptance quality of legitimate users. Specifically, the far user in the first slot and the near user in the second slot act as jammers that generate jamming signals to ensure secure transmissions of confidential messages. We investigate the secrecy performance of the NOMA-based CDRT systems with the PNC scheme and derive the closed-form expression for the ergodic secrecy sum rate. The asymptotic analysis at a high signal-to-noise ratio is performed to obtain more insights. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed scheme's effectiveness and the theoretical analysis's correctness.

关键词： Relays Jamming NOMA Throughput Security Downlink Uplink Coordinated direct relay transmission non-orthogonal multiple access physical-layer network coding physical layer security ergodic secrecy sum rate

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Building Blocks of physical-layer network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第5期14卷 2711-2728页

作者： He, Jianghao Liew, Soung-Chang Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of physical-layer network coding (PNC). Most prior work on PNC focused on its application in a simple two-way-relay channel (TWRC) consisting of three nodes only. Studies of the application of PNC in general networks are relatively few. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. We put forth two ideas: 1) a general network can be decomposed into small building blocks of PNC, referred to as the PNC atoms, for scheduling of PNC transmissions;and 2) we identify nine PNC atoms, with TWRC being one of them. Three major results are as follows. First, using the decomposition framework, the throughput performance of PNC is shown to be significantly better than those of the traditional multi-hop scheme and the conventional network coding scheme. For example, under heavy traffic volume, PNC can achieve 100% throughput gain relative to the traditional multi-hop scheme. Second, PNC decomposition based on a variety of different PNC atoms can yield much better performance than PNC decomposition based on the TWRC atom alone. Third, three out of the nine atoms are most important to good performance. Specifically, the decomposition based on these three atoms is good enough most of the time, and it is not necessary to use the other six atoms.

关键词： physical-layer network coding wireless scheduling multi-hop wireless networks

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Implementation of physical-layer network coding

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physical COMMUNICATION 2013年 6卷 74-87页

作者： Lu, Lu Wang, Taotao Liew, Soung Chang Zhang, Shengli Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Dept Commun Engn Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China

This paper presents the first implementation of a two-way relay network based on the principle of physical-layer network coding (PNC). To date, only a simplified version of PNC, called analog network coding (ANC), has been successfully implemented. The advantage of ANC is that it is simple to implement;the disadvantage, on the other hand, is that the relay amplifies the noise along with the signal before forwarding the signal. PNC systems in which the relay performs XOR or other denoising PNC mappings of the received signal have the potential for significantly better performance. However, the implementation of such PNC systems poses many challenges. For example, the relay in a PNC system must be able to deal with symbol and carrier-phase asynchronies of the simultaneous signals received from multiple nodes, and the relay must perform channel estimation before detecting the signals. We investigate a PNC implementation in the frequency domain, referred to as FPNC, to tackle these challenges. FPNC is based on OFDM. In FPNC, XOR mapping is performed on the OFDM samples in each subcarrier rather than on the samples in the time domain. We implement FPNC on the universal soft radio peripheral (USRP) platform. Our implementation requires only moderate modifications of the packet preamble design of 802.11a/g OFDM PHY. With the help of the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM, symbol asynchrony and the multi-path fading effects can be dealt with simultaneously in a similar fashion. Our experimental results show that symbol-synchronous and symbol-asynchronous FPNC have essentially the same BER performance, for both channel-coded and non-channel-coded FPNC systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： physical-layer network coding network coding implementation Software radio

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On Lattice-Partition-Based physical-layer network coding over GF(4)

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2013年第10期17卷 1988-1991页

作者： Sun, Qifu Tyler Huang, Tao Yuan, Jinhong Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Shenzhen Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

This letter studies lattice-partition-based physical layer network coding (LNC) over the finite field GF(4), whose quaternary constellation has practical interests. The optimal dither method in terms of energy efficiency is first derived for LNC over GF(4), and it is shown to save 1/3 average transmission power. Next, LNC design from linear codes over GF(4) is investigated. Explicit connection between parameters of the linear code and of the corresponding LNC is established. The construction method is further extended to design LNCs from linear codes over a general finite field GF(4 m). As design examples, LNCs constructed from convolutional, BCH, and Reed-Solomon codes are presented and analyzed. It is illustrated that these LNCs can provide up to 9.5 dB coding gain.

关键词： physical-layer network coding lattice network codes quaternary constellation codes over GF(4)

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Hexagonal Constellations for Adaptive physical-layer network coding 2-Way Relaying

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2014年第2期18卷 217-220页

作者： Hekrdla, Miroslav Sykora, Jan Czech Tech Univ CR-16635 Prague Czech Republic

We focus on a constellation design for adaptive physical-layer network coding strategy in a wireless 2-way relay channel. It is well known that 4QAM constellations require extended-cardinality network coding adaptation to avoid all singular channel parameters at the Multiple-Access (MA) stage. The cardinality extension is undesirable since it introduces redundancy decreasing the data rates at the broadcast stage. In this paper, we target a design of constellations avoiding all the singularities without the cardinality extension. We show that such a constellation is 4-ary constellation taken from hexagonal lattice (4HEX) which keeps comparable error performance at the MA stage as 4QAM, however without the cardinality extension. The similar properties has been found also by unconventional 3HEX and 7HEX constellations.

关键词： physical-layer network coding constellation design wireless two-way relaying

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INTER-ONU-COMMUNICATION OVER DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH GROUP IN NEXT GENERATION PON BASED ON physical-layer network coding

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MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2017年第5期59卷 1068-1071页

作者： Lu, Yang Bi, Meihua Qian, Zhengfeng Hu, Miao Wei, Yizhen Yang, Guowei Li, Qiliang Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Coll Commun Engn Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang Peoples R China

An inter-ONU-communication (IOC) between different wavelength groups is proposed for next generation PON. The proposed IOC is based on physical-layer network coding (PNC) to provide full-duplex and private communications. The IOC requires no extra transmitter or receiver. 10-Gb/s error-free communications are experimentally demonstrated. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： next generation PON inter-ONU-communication physical-layer network coding

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Throughput Gain of Random Wireless networks with physical-layer network coding

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第2期17卷 161-171页

作者： Xican Yang Jian Li Changliang Xie Li Li Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Information Mechanical and Electronic EngineeringShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China

This study analyzes the impact of physical-layer network coding （PNC） on the throughput of a large random wireless network, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks. Three different transmission schemes, （1） a traditional flow-based scheme, （2） a network coding scheme, and （3） the PNC scheme are compared to show that the PNC scheme improves wireless network throughput by a constant factor without changing the scaling law compared to the traditional flow-based and network coding schemes. Furthermore, PNC can reduce the effect of interference for the one-dimensional networks, and has a tighter throughput bound for the two-dimensional network.

关键词： physical-layer network coding throughput delay

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Near-Maximum-Likelihood Decoding for Convolutionally Coded physical-layer network coding Over the Full-Duplex Two-Way Relay Channel

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2018年第9期67卷 8944-8948页

作者： Wang, Xiaokang Qian, Bin Mow, Wai Ho Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Informat Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

The full duplex (FD) two-way relay channel (TWRC) has recently been shown to be a feasible way to improve the network throughput in practical communications. In this correspondence, we consider the convolutionally coded physical-layer network coding over the TWRC in which two sources work in the FD mode and there exists a direct link between them. Every source receives two packets, one packet from the other source and one network coded packet from the relay. A near-maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm for the sources is proposed. A salient feature of the proposed algorithm is that it exploits the code structure to mitigate the error propagation induced by the relay. Furthermore, we derive the near maximum-likelihood decoding bound on end-to-end BER for the system. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm matches well the bound.

关键词： Two-way relay channel full duplex error propagation physical-layer network coding convolutional code

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physical-layer network coding Enhanced Visible Light Communications Using RGB LEDs

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2023年第1期15卷 1页

作者： Xiong, Jian Zhang, Runxin Lu, Lu Sun, Qifu Tyler Long, Keping Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Comp & Commun Engn Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Technol & Engn Ctr Space Utilizat Key Lab Space Utilizat Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci China Emai Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Visible light communications (VLC) is a good candidate technology for the 6th generation (6G) wireless communications. Red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based VLC has become an important research branch due to its low price and high reliability. However, the saturation of photodiode (PD) caused by the ambient background light may seriously degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of an RGB-VLC system's three spatially uncoupled information streams (i.e., red, green, and blue LEDs can transmit different data packets simultaneously) in practical applications. To mitigate the ambient light interference in point-to-point RGB-VLC systems, we propose, PNC-VLC, a network-coded scheme that uses two LEDs with the same color at the transmitter to transmit two different data streams and we make use of the naturally overlapped signals at the receiver to formulate physical-layer network coding (PNC). The adaptivity of PNC-VLC could effectively improve the BER degradation problem caused by the saturation of PD under the influence of ambient light. We conducted simulations based on the parameters of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products to prove the superiority of the PNC-VLC under the influence of four typical illuminants. Simulation results show that the PNC-VLC system can maintain a better and more stable system BER performance under different ambient background light conditions. Remarkably, with 2/3 throughput efficiency, PNC-VLC can bring 133.3% gain to the BER performance when compared with RGB-VLC under the Illuminant A interference model, making it a good option for VLC applications with unpredictable ambient background interferences.

关键词： Light emitting diodes Optical transmitters Visible light communication Optical saturation Optical receivers Optical filters Image color analysis Visible light communications physical-layer network coding ambient light noise photodiode saturation

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Noncoherent LDPC-Coded physical-layer network coding Using Multitone FSK

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第6期66卷 2384-2395页

作者： Ferrett, Terry Valenti, Matthew C. West Virginia Univ Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Morgantown WV 26506 USA

A noncoherent two-way relaying system is developed using physical-layer network coding for improved throughput over conventional relaying in a fading channel. Energy-efficient noncoherent operation is achieved using multitone frequency shift keying (FSK). A novel soft-output demodulator is developed for the relay, and corresponding achievable exchange rates are found for Rayleigh fading and AWGN channels. Bit-error rate performance approaching the achievable rate is realized using a capacity-approaching channel code and a receiver architecture, which iterates between demodulation and channel decoding. Iterative decoding is performed feeding information back from the channel decoder to the demodulator. In addition, the error-rate performance is made to approach the achievable rate more closely by optimizing LDPC codes for this system. The energy efficiency improvement obtained by increasing the modulation order is more dramatic for the proposed physical-layer network coding scheme than it is for a conventional point-to-point system. Using optimized LDPC codes, the bit-error rate performance is improved by as much as 1.1 dB over a widely known standardized LDPC code, and comes to within 0.7 dB of the limit corresponding to the achievable rate. Throughout this paper, the performance for physical-layer network coding is compared with conventional network coding. When noncoherent FSK is used, physical-layer network coding enables higher achievable rates, and conventional network coding exhibits better energy efficiency at low rates.

关键词： Noncoherent detection physical-layer network coding frequency-shift keying

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