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Coupled, physics-based modeling Reveals Earthquake Displacements are Critical to the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi Tsunami

PURE AND APPLIED GEOphysics 2019年第10期176卷 4069-4109页

作者： Ulrich, T. Vater, S. Madden, E. H. Behrens, J. van Dinther, Y. van Zelst, I. Fielding, E. J. Liang, C. Gabriel, A. -A. Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Dept Earth & Environm Sci Munich Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Math Berlin Germany Univ Brasilia Inst Geociencias Observ Sismol Brasilia DF Brazil Univ Hamburg Dept Math Numer Methods Geosci Hamburg Germany Univ Utrecht Dept Earth Sci Utrecht Netherlands Swiss Fed Inst Technol Inst Geophys Dept Earth Sci Seismol & Wave Phys Zurich Switzerland CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA USA CALTECH Seismol Lab Pasadena CA 91125 USA

The September 2018, M-w 7.5 Sulawesi earthquake occurring on the Palu-Koro strike-slip fault system was followed by an unexpected localized tsunami. We show that direct earthquake-induced uplift and subsidence could have sourced the observed tsunami within Palu Bay. To this end, we use a physics-based, coupled earthquake-tsunami modeling framework tightly constrained by observations. The model combines rupture dynamics, seismic wave propagation, tsunami propagation and inundation. The earthquake scenario, featuring sustained supershear rupture propagation, matches key observed earthquake characteristics, including the moment magnitude, rupture duration, fault plane solution, teleseismic waveforms and inferred horizontal ground displacements. The remote stress regime reflecting regional transtension applied in the model produces a combination of up to 6 m left-lateral slip and up to 2 m normal slip on the straight fault segment dipping 65 degrees East beneath Palu Bay. The time-dependent, 3D seafloor displacements are translated into bathymetry perturbations with a mean vertical offset of 1.5 m across the submarine fault segment. This sources a tsunami with wave amplitudes and periods that match those measured at the Pantoloan wave gauge and inundation that reproduces observations from field surveys. We conclude that a source related to earthquake displacements is probable and that landsliding may not have been the primary source of the tsunami. These results have important implications for submarine strike-slip fault systems worldwide. physics-based modeling offers rapid response specifically in tectonic settings that are currently underrepresented in operational tsunami hazard assessment.

关键词： Sulawesi tsunami earthquake dynamics coupled model physics-based modeling strike slip

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A physics-based modeling Approach for Performance Monitoring in Gas Turbine Engines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 2015年第1期64卷 197-205页

作者： Hanachi, Houman Liu, Jie Banerjee, Avisekh Chen, Ying Koul, Ashok Carleton Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Life Predict Technol Inc Ottawa ON K1J 9J1 Canada

Performance deterioration monitoring is an essential part of the prognostics and health management (PHM) of gas turbine engines (GTEs). This paper proposes a physics-based modeling approach for performance deterioration monitoring with two model-based performance indicators, heat loss index and power deficit index, for GTE PHM applications. A comprehensive nonlinear thermodynamic model for a single shaft GTE is developed to establish the relation between the operating conditions and the cycle parameters. The model, once properly calibrated, is able to predict the GTE cycle parameters in a healthy condition as the baseline, while in reality, the measured parameters gradually deviate from the baseline, which reflects the performance deterioration of the GTE. To represent the degradation level, the heat loss index is defined as the normalized measure of the thermal power that is being wasted in the GTE compared to the healthy condition. Similarly, the power deficit index is defined as the deficiency ratio of the GTE output power due to the performance deterioration. The effectiveness of the performance indicators in monitoring performance deterioration and their robustness to the variations of the operating conditions are examined by using three years of typical operating data of an industrial GTE. The results clearly reveal the trends of both the short term recoverable deterioration due to fouling effects in the compressor, and the long term non-recoverable deterioration caused by structural degradation. The technique is especially advantageous for prognostic applications where there is no access to internal cycle parameters of a GTE, and only the operating data are available, hence no additional sensors are required.

关键词： Health monitoring performance deterioration physics-based modeling variable operating condition

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Meshless methods for physics-based modeling and simulation of deformable models

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Science in China(Series F) 2009年第3期52卷 401-417页

作者： GUO XiaoHu QIN Hong Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75083-0688 USA Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794-4400 USA

As 3D digital photographic and scanning devices produce higher resolution images, acquired geometric data sets grow more complex in terms of the modeled objects＇ size, geometry, and topology. As a consequence, point-sampled geometry is becoming ubiquitous in graphics and geometric information processing, and poses new challenges which have not been fully resolved by the state-of-art graphical techniques. In this paper, we address the challenges by proposing a meshless computational framework for dynamic modeling and simulation of solids and thin-shells represented as point sam- ples. Our meshless framework can directly compute the elastic deformation and fracture propagation for any scanned point geometry, without the need of converting them to polygonal meshes or higher order spline representations. We address the necessary computational techniques, such as Moving Least Squares, Hierarchical Discretization, and Modal Warping, to effectively and efficiently compute the physical simulation in real-time. This meahless computational framework aims to bridge the gap between the point-sampled geometry with physics-based modeling and simulation governed by partial differential equations.

关键词： meshless method physics-based modeling physics-based simulation deformable models

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Adaptive Battery Management and Parameter Estimation Through physics-based modeling and Experimental Verification

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2016年第4期2卷 454-464页

作者： Lashway, Christopher R. Mohammed, Osama A. Florida Int Univ Energy Syst Res Lab Dept Elect & Comp Engn Miami FL 33199 USA

In this paper, adaptive battery monitoring, health, and performance analysis techniques are proposed and implemented for use in a hybrid energy storage management system. Developed through physics-based models of a lead acid and lithium ion battery cell, a chemistry detection and equivalent circuit estimation technique was accomplished using a low-frequency C/10 pulsed load. Once in operation, an adaptive coulomb counting algorithm accounts for shifts in the state of health from cycle-to-cycle using two assessment methods: estimating equivalent circuit parameters and updating the usable capacity represented by a capacitive energy model. The proposed system has the following novelties: 1) determination of the battery chemistry type and cell configuration through the use of a single standardized pulse;2) the use of a fixed C-rate pulsed load in order to obtain a basic set of equivalent circuit parameters;3) new voltage and temperature-based initial state of charge mechanisms for both a lead acid and a lithium ion battery;and 4) the implementation of a final control platform with chemistry detection, cell configuration, refined initial state of charge estimation, and production of a Randles equivalent circuit, regardless of the battery state of health.

关键词： Adaptive systems batteries energy management energy storage parameter estimation physics-based modeling

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Control-Oriented Data-Driven and physics-based modeling of Maximum Pressure Rise Rate in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engines

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINES 2023年第6期16卷 711-722页

作者： Irdmousa, Behrouz Khoshbakht Basina, L. N. Aditya Naber, Jeffrey Velni, Javad Mohammadpour Borhan, Hoseinali Shahbakhti, Mahdi Michigan Technol Univ Mech Engn Engn Mech Dept Houghton MI 49931 USA Clemson Univ Dept Mech Engn Clemson SC USA Cummins Inc Columbus MS USA Univ Alberta Dept Mech Engn Edmonton AB Canada

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a viable low-temperature combustion (LTC) regime that can provide high indicated thermal efficiency and very low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to the traditional diesel compression ignition (CI) mode [1]. The burn duration in RCCI engines is generally shorter compared to the burn duration for CI and spark-ignition (SI) combustion modes [2, 3]. This leads to a high pressure rise rate (PRR) and limits their operational range. It is important to predict the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) in RCCI engines and avoid excessive MPRRs to enable safe RCCI operation over a wide range of engine conditions. In this article, two control-oriented models are presented to predict the MPRR in an RCCI engine. The first approach includes a combined physical and empirical model that uses the first principle of thermodynamics to estimate the PRR inside the cylinder, and the second approach estimates MPRR through a machine learning method based on kernelized canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) and linear parameter-varying (LPV) methods. The KCCA-LPV approach proved to have higher prediction accuracy compared to physics-based modeling while requiring less amount of calibration. The KCCA-LPV approach could estimate MPRR with an average error of 47 kPa/CAD while the physics-based approach's average estimation error was 87 kPa/CAD. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： RCCI engine Maximum pressure rise rate Control-oriented model Data-driven modeling physics-based modeling

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Light Structure from Pin Motion: Simple and Accurate Point Light Calibration for physics-based modeling 15th

Light Structure from Pin Motion: Simple and Accurate Point L...

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15th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)

作者： Santo, Hiroaki Waechter, Michael Samejima, Masaki Sugano, Yusuke Matsushita, Yasuyuki Osaka Univ Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030012199;9783030012182

We present a practical method for geometric point light source calibration. Unlike in prior works that use Lambertian spheres, mirror spheres, or mirror planes, our calibration target consists of a Lambertian plane and small shadow casters at unknown positions above the plane. Due to their small size, the casters' shadows can be localized more precisely than highlights on mirrors. We show that, given shadow observations from a moving calibration target and a fixed camera, the shadow caster positions and the light position or direction can be simultaneously recovered in a structure from motion framework. Our evaluation on simulated and real scenes shows that our method yields light estimates that are stable and more accurate than existing techniques while having a considerably simpler setup and requiring less manual labor. This project's source code can be downloaded from: https://***/hiroaki-santo/light-structure-from-pin-motion.

关键词： Light source calibration Photometric stereo Shape-from-shading Appearance modeling physics-based modeling

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Integrating physics-based modeling with PDE solids for geometric design 9

Integrating physics-based modeling with PDE solids for geome...

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9th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 01)

作者： Du, HX Qin, H SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769512275

PDE techniques, which use Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to model the shapes of various real-world objects, can unify their geometric attributes and functional constraints in geometric computing and graphics. This paper presents a unified dynamic approach that allows modelers to define the solid geometry of sculptured objects using the second-order or fourth-order elliptic PDEs subject to flexible boundary conditions. Founded upon the previous work on PDE solids by Bloor and Wilson, as well as our recent research on the interactive sculpting of physics-based PDE surfaces, our new formulation and its associated dynamic principle permit designers to directly deform PDE solids whose behaviors are natural and intuitive subject to imposed constraints. Users can easily model and interact with solids of complicated geometry and/or arbitrary topology from locally-defined PDE primitives through trimming operations. We employ the finite-difference discretization and the multi-grid subdivision to solve the PDEs numerically. Our PDE-based modeling software offers users various sculpting toolkits for solid design, allowing them to interactively modify the physical and geometric properties of arbitrary points, curve spans, regions of interest (either in the isoparametric or nonisoparametric form) on boundary surfaces, as well as any interior parts of modeled objects.

关键词： PDE solids geometric modeling physics-based modeling geometric constraints

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Using voltammetry augmented with physics-based modeling and Bayesian hypothesis testing to identify analytes in electrolyte solutions

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022年第0期904卷 115751-115751页

作者： Fenton, Alexis M., Jr. Brushett, Fikile R. MIT Dept Chem Engn 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Voltammetry is a foundational electrochemical technique that can qualitatively and quantitatively probe electroactive species in solutions and as such has been used in numerous fields of study. Recently, automation has been introduced to extend the capabilities of voltammetric analysis through approaches such as Bayesian parameter estimation and compound identification. However, opportunities exist to enable more versatile methods across a wider range of solution compositions and experimental conditions. Here, we present a protocol that uses experimental voltammetry, physics-driven models, binary hypothesis testing, and Bayesian inference to enable robust labeling of analytes in multicomponent solutions across multiple techniques. We first describe the development of this protocol, and we subsequently validate the methodology in a case study involving five N-functionalized phenothiazine derivatives. In this analysis, the protocol correctly labels solutions each containing 10H-phenothiazine and 10-methylphenothiazine from both cyclic voltammograms and cyclic square wave voltammograms, demonstrating the ability to identify redox-active constituents of a multicomponent solution. Finally, we identify areas of further improvement-such as achieving greater detection accuracy-and future applications to potentially enhance in situ or operando diagnostic workflows.

关键词： Cyclic voltammetry Cyclic square wave voltammetry Analyte identification Bayesian inference physics-based modeling Phenothiazine

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Recent Progress in physics-based modeling of Electromigration in Integrated Circuit Interconnects

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MICROMACHINES 2022年第6期13卷 883-883页

作者： Zhao, Wen-Sheng Zhang, Rui Wang, Da-Wei Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Elect & Informat Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Large Scale Integrated Circ Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Cadence Design Syst Inc San Jose CA 95134 USA

The advance of semiconductor technology not only enables integrated circuits with higher density and better performance but also increases their vulnerability to various aging mechanisms which occur from front-end to back-end. Analysis on the impact of aging mechanisms on circuits' reliability is crucial for the design of reliable and sustainable electronic systems at advanced technology nodes. As one of the most crucial back-end aging mechanisms, electromigration deserves research efforts. This paper introduces recent studies on physics-based modeling of electromigration aging of on-chip interconnects. At first, the background of electromigration is introduced. The conventional method and physics-based modeling for electromigration are described. Then studies on how electromigration affects powers grids and signal interconnects are discussed in detail. Some of them focus on the comprehensiveness of modeling methodology, while others aim at the strategies for improving computation accuracy and speed and the strategies for accelerating/decelerating aging. Considering the importance of electromigration for circuit reliability, this paper is dedicated to providing a review on physics-based modeling methodologies on electromigration and their applications for integrated circuits interconnects.

关键词： integrated circuit interconnects aging reliability electromigration physics-based modeling

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Combustion Timing Control of Natural Gas HCCI Engines Using physics-based modeling and LQR Controller

Combustion Timing Control of Natural Gas HCCI Engines Using ...

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作者： Abdelgawad, Marwa Texas A&M University

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines hold promises of being the next generation of internal combustion engines due to their ability to produce high thermal efficiencies and low emission levels. HCCI combustion is achieved through the auto-ignition of a compressed homogenous fuel-air mixture, thus making it a "fusion" between spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. The main challenge in developing HCCI engines is the absence of a combustion trigger hence making it difficult to control its combustion timing. The aim of this research project is to model and control a natural gas HCCI engine. Since HCCI depends primarily on temperature and chemical composition of the mixture, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is used to control ignition timing. In this research, a thermodynamical, physics-based nonlinear model is developed to capture the main features of the HCCI engine. In addition, the Modified Knock Integral Model (MKIM), used to predict ignition timing, is optimized. To validate the nonlinear model, ignition timing under varying conditions using the MKIM approach is shown to be in accordance with data acquired from a model developed using a sophisticated engine simulation program, GT-Power. Most control strategies are based on a linear model, therefore, the nonlinear model is linearized using the perturbation method. The linear model is validated by comparing its performance with the nonlinear model about a suitable operating point. The control of ignition timing can be defined as a regulation process where the goal is to force the nonlinear model to track a desired ignition timing by controlling the EGR ratio. Parameters from the linear model are used to determine the gains of the LQR controller. The performance of the controller is validated by implementing it on the nonlinear model and observing its ability to track the desired timing with 0.5% error within a certain operating range. To increase the operating range of the controller and

关键词： HCCI Combustion Timing Control physics-based modeling LQR Thesis

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