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Digital characterization of the surface texture of chinese classical garden rockery based on point cloud visualization: small-rock mountain retreat

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HERITAGE SCIENCE 2023年第1期11卷 13页

作者： Yang, Chen Han, Xiaorong Wu, Hangbin Han, Feng Wei, Chaoxu Shutter, Leigh Tongji Univ Coll Architecture & Urban Planning Dept Landscape Architecture 1239 Siping Rd Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Surveying & Geoinformat 1239 Siping Rd Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Griffith Univ Gold Coast CampusParklands Dr Southport Qld 4222 Australia

The Rockery is often a key element of a Classical Chinese Garden. It's exquisite detailed physical characteristics a major contributor to artistic value, aesthetic appeal, and the carrier of historical and cultural heritage values. Poets and scholars have often described the beauty of these places in classical gardens in qualitative terms but lacked the quantitative tools to provide replicable metric descriptions. The highly complex forms and surfaces, irregularity, and fragility of garden rockeries has challenged authors to accurately describe the characteristics of these qualities using traditional methods and tools. This article presents a new method of digital characterization approach based on laser scanning and point cloud visualization, which can quantitatively detect and represent the pattern of rockery surface textures. It offers a replicable accurate quantitative descriptor of the Classical Chinese rockery. The Small-Rock Mountain Retreat, a nationally protected rockery garden in China, has been used as a case study. It contains original historic elements and more recently restored areas. Two characteristics of rockery surfaces, including the well-proportioned density and space, and the proper contrast between solid and void, were analyzed by examining four attributes: (1) surface complexity;(2) contour curvature;(3) shape variation;and (4) the interweaving of lightness and darkness. The findings demonstrate that, despite some similarities between the restored portion of the rockery and the historical remnants, there are variances in the richness of the details and the balanced distribution of shape change. The digital characterization approach introduced in this article offers a new perspective for recording and in turn safeguarding Chinese garden rockeries and other irregular cultural heritage objects.

关键词： Garden rockery point cloud visualization Surface texture Digital characterization Chinese classical garden Irregular heritage objects

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Stroke-based splatting: an efficient multi-resolution point cloud visualization technique

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VISUAL COMPUTER 2018年第10期34卷 1383-1397页

作者： dos Anjos, Rafael Kuffner Ribeiro, Claudia Sofia Lopes, Daniel Simoes Pereira, Joao Madeiras Univ Nova Lisboa FCSH Av Berna 26 C P-1069061 Lisbon Portugal INESC ID Lisboa Rua Alves Redol 9 P-1000029 Lisbon Portugal

Current state-of-the-art point cloud visualization techniques have shortcomings when dealing with sparse and less accurate data or close-up interactions. In this paper, we present a visualization technique called stroke-based splatting, which applies concepts of stroke-based rendering to surface-aligned splatting, allowing for better shape perception at lower resolutions and close-ups. We create a painterly depiction of the data with an impressionistic aesthetic, which is a metaphor the user is culturally trained to recognize, thus attributing higher quality to the visualization. This is achieved by shaping each object-aligned splat as a brush stroke, and orienting it according to globally coherent tangent vectors from the Householder formula, creating a painterly depiction of the scanned cloud. Each splat is sized according to a color-based clustering analysis of the data, ensuring the consistency of brush strokes within neighborhood areas. By controlling brush shape generation parameters and blending factors between neighboring splats, the user is able to simulate different painting styles in real time. We have tested our method with data sets captured by commodity laser scanners as well as publicly available high-resolution point clouds, both having highly interactive frame rates in all cases. In addition, a user study was conducted comparing our approach to state-of-the-art point cloud visualization techniques. Users considered stroke-based splatting a valuable technique as it provides a higher or similar visual quality to current approaches.

关键词： point cloud visualization Non-photorealistic rendering Splatting Householder formula

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Low-Overlap point cloud Registration via Correspondence Augmentation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年 22卷 9363-9375页

作者： Lin, Zhi-Huang Zhang, Chun-Yang Lin, Xue-Ming Lin, Huibin Zeng, Gui-Huang Chen, C. L. Philip Fuzhou Univ Coll Comp & Data Sci Fuzhou 350025 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China

Existing works have made some progress in point cloud registration, but most of them measure performance only on point cloud pairs with high overlap. In practical applications, it is often difficult to ensure that the collected point clouds overlap in large regions due to problems such as occlusion and noise. Therefore, a good low-overlap point cloud registration method is of great practical significance. However, extracting reliable correspondences from point clouds has always been a challenging task, particularly when dealing with low-overlap situation. In this paper, we propose a novel method for low-overlap point cloud registration via efficient correspondence augmentation, called AugLPCR, which not only enhances correspondences with high confidence, but also employs confidence weights to mitigate the impact of outliers. After the augmentation, the correspondences used for the transformation have a large amount of inliers, leading to improved registration performance. Extensive experiments on indoor and outdoor datasets demonstrate that the proposed AugLPCR is capable of maintaining consistent performance and achieve results comparable to or better than the state-of-the-art methods. Note to Practitioners-The motivation of this paper is to address the problem of registering two low-overlap point clouds. Mainstream algorithms for point cloud registration typically assume a sufficient overlap between point clouds. However, in practical scenarios, it is common to encounter scans with inadequate overlap. These conditions often hinder the extraction of reliable correspondences. This paper introduces an effective method for augmenting correspondences to address the problem of low inlier rates within predicted correspondences. While augmenting correspondences with high confidence, it also mitigates the influence of outliers and ambiguous points. Additionally, traditional approaches often divide superpoint regions before matching, but this can lead to the elimination of

关键词： point cloud compression Feature extraction Three-dimensional displays Accuracy Convolution Transforms Reflection Iterative methods Image color analysis Estimation point cloud registration correspondence augmentation point cloud visualization

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DEVELOPING COMPLETE URBAN DIGITAL TWINS IN BUSY ENVIRONMENTS: A FRAMEWORK FOR FACILITATING 3D MODEL GENERATION FROM MULTI-SOURCE point cloud DATA 5

DEVELOPING COMPLETE URBAN DIGITAL TWINS IN BUSY ENVIRONMENTS...

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5th International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing (ISPRS) Geospatial Week (GSW)

作者： Ismail, M. H. Shaker, A. Li, S. Toronto Metropolitan Univ Dept Civil Engn 350 Victoria St Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

The proliferation of affordable LiDAR technology and photogrammetry sensors has revolutionized 3D data acquisition in built environments, enabling comprehensive data capture from citywide scales to interior structures. This data can be transformed into digital twins, providing valuable resources for city planners, architects, engineers, and decision-makers. However, current studies often overlook the limitations of real-world point cloud datasets derived from LiDAR systems, which are voluminous, noisy, incomplete, and lacking information, which hinders monitoring, interpretation, and automated analysis. To address these challenges, methods are required to prepare point cloud data, ensuring accurate and reliable 3D representations. This research proposes a detailed framework for point cloud data preparation in busy urban environments. It includes precise algorithms, software, and parameter guidelines, allowing for the creation of comprehensive point cloud datasets. The framework has been successfully implemented on datasets acquired in Toronto, converting point cloud data from various platforms and parameters into an integrated dataset. Results demonstrate the framework's effectiveness in producing accurate and complete point cloud datasets for applications such as classification, information extraction, 3D model generation, and smart cities' monitoring and management.

关键词： Busy Urban Environments Multi-source point cloud Data Fusion point cloud Data Preparation point cloud Preprocessing point cloud visualization Scan-to-BIM Smart Cities Urban Reconstruction

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The Scalability of X3D4 pointProperties: Benchmarks on WWW Performance 20

The Scalability of X3D4 PointProperties: Benchmarks on WWW P...

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25th ACM Conference on 3D Web Technology (Web3D)

作者： Sun, Yanshen Polys, Nicholas Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381697

With the development of remote sensing devices, it becomes more convenient for individual researchers to collect high-resolution point cloud data with their own scanners. There have been plenty of online tools for researchers to exhibit their work. However, the drawback of existing tools is that they are not flexible enough for the users to create 3D scenes of a mixture of point-based and triangle-based models. X3DOM is a WebGL-based library built on Extensible 3D (X3D) standard, enabling users to create 3D scenes with only a little computer graphics knowledge. Before the X3D 4.0 Specification, little attention has been paid to point cloud rendering in X3DOM. pointProperties, an appearance node newly added in X3D 4.0, provides point size attenuation and texture-color mixing effects to point geometries. In this work, we propose an X3DOM implementation of pointProperties. This implementation fulfills not only the features specified in X3D 4.0 documentation but also other shading effects that are compatible with the effects of triangle-based geometries in X3DOM and other state-of-the-art point cloud visualization tools. We also evaluate the performances of some of these effects. The result shows that a general laptop is able to handle most of the examined conditions in real-time.

关键词： X3D 4.0 X3DOM point cloud visualization

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point cloud visualization IN AN OPEN SOURCE 3D GLOB3 4

POINT CLOUD VISUALIZATION IN AN OPEN SOURCE 3D GLOB3

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4th ISPRS International Workshop 3D-ARCH - 3D Virtual Reconstruction and visualization of Complex Architectures

作者： De La Calle, M. Gomez-Deck, D. Koehler, O. Pulido, F. IGO SOFTWARE I D Dept Hannover Germany

During the last years the usage of 3D applications in GIS is becoming more popular. Since the appearance of Google Earth, users are familiarized with 3D environments. On the other hand, nowadays computers with 3D acceleration are common, broadband access is widespread and the public information that can be used in GIS clients that are able to use data from the Internet is constantly increasing. There are currently several libraries suitable for this kind of applications. Based on these facts, and using libraries that are already developed and connected to our own developments, we are working on the implementation of a real 3D GIS with analysis capabilities. Since a 3D GIS such as this can be very interesting for tasks like LiDAR or Laser Scanner point clouds rendering and analysis, special attention is given to get an optimal handling of very large data sets. Glob3 will be a multidimensional GIS in which 3D point clouds could be explored and analysed, even if they are consist of several million points. The latest addition to our visualization libraries is the development of a points cloud server that works regardless of the cloud's size. The server receives and processes petitions from a 3d client (for example glob3, but could be any other, such as one based on WebGL) and delivers the data in the form of pre-processed tiles, depending on the required level of detail.

关键词： Glob3 point clouds Level of Detail GIS 3D point cloud visualization Euclid

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Visualizing the Architectural Structure of a Historical Building by Clustering Its Laser-Scanned point cloud 16th

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Joint Conference of the 16th Asia Simulation Conference / SCS International Autumn Simulation Multi-Conference (AsiaSim/SCS AutumnSim)

作者： Sheng, Wang Hasegawa, Kyoko Okamoto, Atsushi Tanaka, Satoshi Ritsumeikan Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Engn 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga Japan Ritsumeikan Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Kyoto Japan Otemae Univ Hist Reasearch Inst Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811026690;9789811026683

A new approach to visualize the laser-scanned point cloud of historical buildings is introduced. It has 2 advanced features: transparent rendering effect and an unsupervised extraction of architectural information. The transparent rendering is conducted using our previously reported rendering tool, Stochastic point-based Rendering (SPBR). The architectural information extraction is realized with the point cloud clustering method, which considers pre-segmented sub point sets as the primitive units in the feature space for clustering instead of using raw points. This method increases the accuracy and reduces the computational cost of architectural information extraction.

关键词： point cloud visualization Historical building point cloud clustering

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GPU-accelerated 2D point cloud visualization using smooth splines for visual analytics applications 08

GPU-accelerated 2D point cloud visualization using smooth sp...

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Proceedings of the 24th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics

作者： Thomas Kalbe Tatiana Tekušová Tobias Schreck Frank Zeilfelder TU Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer IGD Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781605589572

We develop an efficient point cloud visualization framework. For efficient navigation in the visualization, we introduce a spline-based technique for the smooth approximation of discrete distance field data. Implemented on the GPU, the approximation technique allows for efficient visualizations and smooth zooming in and out of the distance field data. Combined with a template set of predefined, automatically or interactively adjustable transfer functions, the smooth distance field representation allows for an effective visualization of point cloud data at random abstraction levels. Using the presented technique, sets of point clouds can be effectively analyzed for intra- and inter-point cloud distribution characteristics. The effectiveness and usefulness of our approach is demonstrated by application on various point cloud visualization problems.

关键词： spline approximation transfer function hardware acceleration point cloud visualization

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Techniques for Precision-Based Visual Analysis of Projected Data

Techniques for Precision-Based Visual Analysis of Projected ...

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Conference on visualization and Data Analysis 2010

作者： Schreck, Tobias von Landesberger, Tatiana Bremm, Sebastian Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479235

The analysis of high-dimensional data is an important, yet inherently difficult problem. Projection techniques such as PCA, MDS, and SOM can be used to map high-dimensional data to 2D display space. However, projections typically incur a loss in information. Often uncertainty exists regarding the precision of the projection as compared with its original data characteristics. While the output quality of these projection techniques can be discussed in terms of algorithmic assessment, visualization is often helpful for better understanding the results. We address the visual assessment of projection precision by an approach integrating an appropriately designed projection precision measure directly into the projection visualization. To this end, a flexible projection precision measure is defined that allows the user to balance the degree of locality at which the measure is evaluated. Several visual mappings are designed for integrating the precision measure into the projection visualization at various levels of abstraction. The techniques are implemented in a fully interactive system which is practically applied on several data sets. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for visual analysis of classified and clustered high-dimensional data sets. We thereby show how our novel interactive precision quality visualization system helps to examine preservation of closeness of the data in original space into the low-dimensional space.

关键词： High-dimensional data analysis projection quality point cloud visualization

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Techniques for precision-based visual analysis of projected data

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INFORMATION visualization 2010年第3期9卷 181-193页

作者： Schreck, Tobias von Landesberger, Tatiana Bremm, Sebastian Tech Univ Darmstadt Dept Comp Sci FG GRIS D-64283 Darmstadt Hessen Germany Fraunhofer Inst Comp Graph Res IGD D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

The analysis of high-dimensional data is an important, yet inherently difficult problem. Projection techniques such as Principal Component Analysis, Multi-dimensional Scaling and Self-Organizing Map can be used to map high-dimensional data to 2D display space. However, projections typically incur a loss in information. Often, uncertainty exists regarding the precision of the projection as compared with its original data characteristics. While the output quality of these projection techniques can be discussed in terms of aggregate numeric error values, visualization is often helpful for better understanding the projection results. We address the visual assessment of projection precision by an approach integrating an appropriately designed projection precision measure directly into the projection visualization. To this end, a flexible projection precision measure is defined that allows the user to balance the degree of locality at which the measure is evaluated. Several visual mappings are designed for integrating the precision measure into the projection visualization at various levels of abstraction. The techniques are implemented in an interactive system, including methods supporting the user in finding appropriate settings of relevant parameters. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for visual analysis of classified and unclassified high-dimensional data sets. We show how our interactive precision quality visualization system helps to examine the preservation of original data properties in projected space. Information visualization (2010) 9, 181-193. doi:10.1057/ivs.2010.2

关键词： high-dimensional data analysis projection precision point cloud visualization

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