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2021 CIE International Conference on Radar, Radar 2021

作者： Zhang, Guangwei Ding, Zegang Zhang, Tianyi Min, Rui School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498142

The polar format algorithm (PFA) is a high-resolution imaging algorithm suitable for earth-based radar imaging of the moon. However, the earth-based radar imaging of moon has the problem of out-of-plane motion, which seriously deteriorates the imaging quality of the PFA. This paper first analyzes the basic principles of polar format algorithm based on the geometric model of the Earth-Moon motion. Then it quantitatively analyzes the influence of plane wavefront assumption and out-of-plane motion on imaging, and proposes an improved PFA high-resolution imaging algorithm. Based on the quantitative analysis of the spatial variance of the phase error, the proposed algorithm divides the whole imaging scene into multiple sub images. Then, the proposed algorithm compensates the phase error of the sub image successively and further obtain the well-focused imaging result of the whole scene by sub image stitching. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified by the computer simulation. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： earth-based radar astronomy phase error polar format algorithm synthetic aperture technology

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LPI Spotlight SAR Imaging with Composite Modulation and PRF Agility Based on polar format algorithm

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2025年第8期19卷

作者： Yang, Jingjing Zhang, Haolin East China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Enhancing the survivability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in electronic warfare environments is crucial. In this paper, a low-probability-of-intercept (LPI) spotlight SAR imaging method is proposed. It is based on composite modulation waveform and improved polar format algorithm (PFA). This method addresses the limitation that traditional radar systems with linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals are easy to be intercepted. A hybrid optimization approach combining grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the composite modulation waveform, achieving both excellent pulse compression and LPI performance. Additionally, PFA is improved to process the optimized signal, addressing the azimuth non-uniform sampling problem in polar interpolation. Simulations of point targets and scenes under PRF agility and encoding sequence agility validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： low probability of intercept composite modulation waveform pulse repetition frequency agility polar format algorithm

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Circular SAR imaging algorithm based on polar format algorithm for moving target

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第19期2019卷 5539-5542页

作者： Wang, Zhou Li, Feng Peng, XiangJun Yao, Di Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Radar Res Lab Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Embedded Real Time Informat Proc Beijing Peoples R China

For stationary targets, circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) imaging has tended to be mature and perfect. However, for moving targets, due to the long synthetic aperture and the variation of slant plane with the observation angle, the motion compensation is more complicated and has no effective approach. Based on the latest moving target trajectory reconstruction method in CSAR (2015), the polar format algorithm can be improved to image the moving targets when the motion parameters have been estimated. First, the authors placed the imaging reference point on the target to track it, and then compensated for the phase error caused by the incident angle changing and the wavefront curvature. The simulation results of point show that the algorithm is effective and accurate.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar image reconstruction radar imaging motion compensation imaging reference point circular SAR imaging algorithm polar format algorithm stationary targets circular synthetic aperture radar imaging CSAR moving targets long synthetic aperture slant plane observation angle motion compensation latest moving target trajectory reconstruction method motion parameters

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A Fast polar format algorithm Based on Variable PRF for Bistatic SAR

A Fast Polar Format Algorithm Based on Variable PRF for Bist...

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CIE International Conference on Radar (RADAR)

作者： Ding, Jing Wang, Chenqin Mao, Xinhua Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing Peoples R China Minist Educ Radar Imaging & Microwave Photon Technol Key Lab Nanjing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509048281

polar format algorithm (PFA), which is a classic algorithm for bistatic SAR imaging, has important significance in spotlight bistatic SAR system. In this paper, a fast polar format algorithm based on variable PRF for bistatic SAR is proposed. This algorithm can correct range cell migration (RCM) without high-precision interpolation, which can improve the computation efficiency. Point target simulation validates the algorithm.

关键词： bistatic SAR polar format algorithm range cell migration variable PRF

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Gradient Projection for Interrupted SAR using the polar format algorithm 22

Gradient Projection for Interrupted SAR using the Polar Form...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXII

作者： Deming, Ross Knight, Chad Gunther, Jake Solid State Sci Corp Hollis NH 03049 USA Space Dynam Lab North Logan UT 84341 USA Utah State Univ Logan UT 84322 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415919

We present an efficient and computationally simple approach for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging in cases when the radar data have gaps, due to missing pulses and/or notches in the frequency band. Our method is a simple variation of gradient projection, in which the search path in each iteration is obtained by projecting the negative-gradient of the L1 norm onto a hyper-plane defining solutions which are consistent with the data. The computations are not complicated since the L1 gradient is simply equal to the sign() of the pixels in the image. Computational efficiency is obtained by incorporating the polar format algorithm, which accomplishes the projection operation using a fast Fourier transform. Sample results are presented using the AFRL Gotcha 2006 radar data set and the Space Dynamics Laboratory FlexSAR system.

关键词： SAR synthetic aperture radar compressive sensing minimum L1 norm radar imaging polar format algorithm PFA

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A New Formulation of polar format algorithm for Bistatic Spotlight SAR

A New Formulation of Polar Format Algorithm for Bistatic Spo...

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IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon)

作者： Mao, Xinhua Zhu, Daiyin Wu, Di Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Dept Elect Engn Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479982325

In this paper, a new interpretation of the polar format algorithm (PFA) for bistatic spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is presented. From the viewpoint of two-dimensional decoupling, we examine the commonly adopted implementation of the PFA, i.e., the separable 1-D range and azimuth resampling procedures for their roles in range cell migration (RCM) correction, respectively. It is shown that the range resampling corrects for the RCM associated with the down-range coordinate of target, while the azimuth resampling compensates for the RCM associated with the cross-range coordinate of target. The presented work provides a new perspective on the mechanism of RCM correction in PFA.

关键词： bistatic synthetic aperture radar polar format algorithm range cell migration correction

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polar format algorithm based on fast Gaussian grid non-uniform fast Fourier transform for spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2014年第5期8卷 513-524页

作者： Fan, Bo Wang, Jiantao Qin, Yuliang Wang, Hongqiang Xiao, Huaitie Natl Univ Def Technol Elect Sci & Engn Sch Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

Conventional polar format algorithm (PFA) and its variations normally assume an ideal imaging geometry of a linear flight path, which cannot counteract the non-uniformity of samples existing in the circumstance of a highly non-linear aperture. This scenario may occur because of various factors such as rugged topography, atmospheric turbulence and intended manoeuvres. To address this challenge, this study develops a novel PFA with aperture accommodation for spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. The proposed algorithm provides a new adaption of the fast Gaussian grid (FGG) non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) scheme to two-dimensional (2D) SAR imaging of 3D scene, whose main idea is to convolve the non-uniform samples onto a uniform grid with a Gaussian kernel and then exploit the efficient 2D FFT for image reconstruction. In virtue of the 2D FGG NUFFT, a favourable tradeoff between reconstruction precision and computational efficiency is gained. Simulations illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional non-uniform Sinc interpolation method. Also, the public real Gotcha dataset validates the effectiveness of the authors method.

关键词： fast Fourier transforms Gaussian processes image reconstruction radar imaging synthetic aperture radar polar format algorithm fast Gaussian grid nonuniform fast Fourier transform spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging PFA imaging geometry linear flight path rugged topography atmospheric turbulence spotlight SAR imaging FGG NUFFT scheme Gaussian kernel 2D FFT image reconstruction

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polar format algorithm for SAR imaging with Matlab

Polar format algorithm for SAR imaging with Matlab

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI

作者： Deming, Ross Best, Matthew Farrell, Sean Solid State Sci Corp 27-2 Wright Rd Hollis NH 03049 USA Air Force Life Cycle Management Ctr HBDA Bedford MA 01731 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628410303

Due to its computational efficiency, the polar format algorithm (PFA) is considered by many to be the workhorse for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. PFA is implemented in spatial Fourier space, also known as "K-space", which is a convenient domain for understanding SAR performance metrics, sampling requirements, etc. In this paper the mathematics behind PFA are explained and computed examples are presented, both using simulated data, and experimental airborne radar data from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Gotcha Challenge collect. In addition, a simple graphical method is described that can be used to model and predict wavefront curvature artifacts in PFA imagery, which are due to the limited validity of the underlying far-field approximation. The appendix includes Matlab code for computing SAR images using PFA.

关键词： SAR synthetic aperture radar radar imaging polar format algorithm PFA Fourier transform Matlab

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MTRC compensation in high-resolution ISAR imaging via improved polar format algorithm based on ICPF

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第1期2014卷 1-17页

作者： Liu, Yang Xu, Shiyou Chen, Zengping Yuan, Bin Natl Univ Def Technol ATR Natl Def Sci & Technol Key Lab Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis on the performance degradation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imagery with the polar format algorithm (PFA) due to the inaccurate rotation center. And a novel algorithm is developed to estimate the rotation center for ISAR targets to overcome the degradation. In real ISAR scenarios, the real rotation center shift is usually not coincided with the gravity center of the high-resolution range profile (HRRP), due to the data-driven translational motion compensation. Because of the imprecise information of rotation center, PFA image yields model errors and severe blurring in the cross-range direction. To tackle this problem, an improved PFA based on integrated cubic phase function (ICPF) is proposed. In the method, the rotation center in the slant range is estimated firstly by ICPF, and the signal is shifted accordingly. Finally, the standard PFA algorithm can be carried out straightforwardly. With the proposed method, wide-angle ISAR imagery of non-cooperative targets can be achieved by PFA with improved focus quality. Simulation and real-data experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposal.

关键词： MTRC compensation polar format algorithm Performance degradation Integrated cubic phase function High-resolution ISAR imaging

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Bistatic SAR Moving Targets Refocus Based on polar formatted Phase Error Analysis and Clutter Separation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING 2022年 8卷 1170-1183页

作者： Wang, Xin Li, Haichao Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Jiangsu 210049 Peoples R China Jiangsu Normal Univ Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The refocus process of moving targets in bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery obtained by polar format algorithm (PFA) is discussed in this paper. The analytical expression of the motion phase error in the two-dimensional frequency domain is deduced based on the method of series reversion. The derived phase error equation is utilized to formulate a dictionary, and a sparse-based iteration processing combined with a subtraction operation is proposed to implement the separation of clutter and refocusing of multiple moving targets, respectively. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to verify the validity of the proposed method.

关键词： Bistatic SAR polar format algorithm refocus process sparse representation

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