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coding of sensory signals by neuronal populations: The role of correlated activity

NEUROSCIENTIST 2003年第3期9卷 175-180页

作者： Panzeri, S Pola, G Petersen, RS Univ Manchester Dept Optometry & Neurosci Manchester M60 1QD Lancs England Med Sch Newcastle Upon Tyne Dept Psychol Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH Tyne & Wear England Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati Cognit Neurosci Sector I-34014 Trieste Italy

How is sensory information encoded by the patterns of action potentials emitted by ensembles of neurons? Computational methods have recently been applied to this fundamental question and have found, both in the somatosensory and visual system, that the basic unit of information transmission is the timing of individual spikes. In systems studied to date, the neuronal population codes appear to be simple ones that do not rely on complex patterns of correlated spikes.

关键词： population coding information transmission spike times spike patterns

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Stimulus specificity of cortico-cortical connections optimizes information transmission

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2006年第10-12期69卷 1203-1205页

作者： Montemurro, MA Panzeri, S Univ Manchester Fac Life Sci Manchester M60 1QD Lancs England

Neurons in visual cortex receive most inputs from other cortical neurons with similar stimulus preference. To understand the role of this arrangement in information transmission we use a computational model to quantify the information about external stimuli that a typical cortical neuron receives through its cortico-cortical synapses. We find that efficient readout of the information encoded by an afferent population with orientation tuning similar to that observed in area V1 requires the spread of orientation preferences of excitatory cortical afferents to take a value in agreement with experiments. We suggest that the organization of V1 cortico-cortical synapses allows efficient information transmission. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： population coding visual cortex cortical synapses

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The effect of correlations in the background activity on the information transmission properties of neural populations

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2005年第SPEC. ISS.期65卷 365-370页

作者： Hoch, T Wenning, G Obermayer, K TU Berlin Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci D-10587 Berlin Germany

Recently, the information transmission properties of populations of neurons with independent noise inputs were examined and it was shown that noise can improve the transmission of sub-threshold signals. Information transmission is maximized at a certain noise level which, in general, depends on the population size. In the central nervous system of higher animals, however, the noise is likely to be correlated. In this paper we therefore investigate the effect of correlations between neurons on the information transmission properties of populations of neurons. We show that correlations in the noise inputs of neurons not only decrease information transmission but also immediately reduce the optimal population noise level to that of the single neuron. Hence, information about the population size does not need to be made available to the single neuron and therefore local adaptation rules as suggested in (Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 120602) suffice. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic resonance population coding local adaptation

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The influence of cortical feature maps on the encoding of the orientation of a short line

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2006年第3期20卷 285-297页

作者： Shokhirev, K. N. Kumar, T. Glaser, D. A. Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Phys Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Div Neurobiol Dept Mol & Cell Biol Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The inhomogeneous distribution of the receptive fields of cortical neurons influences the cortical representation of the orientation of short lines seen in visual images. We construct a model of the response of populations of neurons in the human primary visual cortex by combining realistic response properties of individual neurons and cortical maps of orientation and location preferences. The encoding error, which characterizes the difference between the parameters of a visual stimulus and their cortical representation, is calculated using Fisher information as the square root of the variance of a statistically efficient estimator. The error of encoding orientation varies considerably with the location and orientation of the short line stimulus as modulated by the underlying orientation preference map. The average encoding error depends only weakly on the structure of the orientation preference map and is much smaller than the human error of estimating orientation measured psychophysically. From this comparison we conclude that the actual mechanism of orientation perception does not make efficient use of all the information available in the neuronal responses and that it is the decoding of visual information from neuronal responses that limits psychophysical performance.

关键词： population coding cortical feature maps fisher information oblique effect early version

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Sparse spatial sampling for the computation of motion in multiple stages

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BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2006年第4期94卷 276-287页

作者： Mahani, AS Khanbabaie, R Luksch, H Wessel, R Washington Univ Dept Phys St Louis MO 63130 USA Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Klinikum Inst Biol 2 D-52074 Aachen Germany

The avian retino-tecto-rotundal pathway plays a central role in motion analysis and features complex connectivity. Yet, the relation between the pathway's structural arrangement and motion computation has remained elusive. For an important type of tectal wide-field neuron, the stratum griseum centrale type I (SGC-I) neuron, we quantified its structure and found a spatially sparse but extensive sampling of the retinal projection. A computational investigation revealed that these structural properties enhance the neuron's sensitivity to change, a behaviorally important stimulus attribute, while preserving information about the stimulus location in the SGC-I population activity. Furthermore, the SGC-I neurons project with an interdigitating topography to the nucleus rotundus, where the direction of motion is computed. We showed that, for accurate direction-of-motion estimation, the interdigitating projection of tectal wide-field neurons requires a two-stage rotundal algorithm, where the second rotundal stage estimates the direction of motion from the change in the relative stimulus position represented in the first stage

关键词： anatomy computation motion population coding vision tectum

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Negatively correlated firing: the functional meaning of lateral inhibition within cortical columns

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BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2006年第5期95卷 431-453页

作者： Durrant, Simon Feng, Jianfeng Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci & Math Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England Univ Sussex Dept Informat Brighton BN1 9QH E Sussex England Hunan Normal Univ Dept Math Changsha Peoples R China

Lateral inhibition is a well documented aspect of neural architecture in the main sensory systems. Existing accounts of lateral inhibition focus on its role in sharpening distinctions between inputs that are closely related. However, these accounts fail to explain the functional role of inhibition in cortical columns, such as those in V1, where neurons have similar response properties. In this paper, we outline a model of position tracking using cortical columns of integrate-and-fire and Hodgkin-Huxley-type neurons which respond optimally to a particular location, to show that negatively correlated firing patterns arise from lateral inhibition in cortical columns and that this provides a clear benefit for population coding in terms of stability, accuracy, estimation time and neural resources.

关键词： inhibition population coding cortical column position tracking

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A neural implementation of Bayesian inference based on predictive coding

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CONNECTION SCIENCE 2016年第4期28卷 346-383页

作者： Spratling, M. W. Kings Coll London Dept Informat London England

Predictive coding (PC) is a leading theory of cortical function that has previously been shown to explain a great deal of neurophysiological and psychophysical data. Here it is shown that PC can perform almost exact Bayesian inference when applied to computing with population codes. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm, based on PC, can: decode probability distributions encoded as noisy population codes;combine priors with likelihoods to calculate posteriors;perform cue integration and cue segregation;perform function approximation;be extended to perform hierarchical inference;simultaneously represent and reason about multiple stimuli;and perform inference with multi-modal and non-Gaussian probability distributions. PC thus provides a neural network-based method for performing probabilistic computation and provides a simple, yet comprehensive, theory of how the cerebral cortex performs Bayesian inference.

关键词： Bayes priors inference multisensory integration function approximation predictive coding population coding neural networks

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A self-organizing map of sigma-pi units

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2007年第13-15期70卷 2552-2560页

作者： Weber, Cornelius Wermter, Stefan Goethe Univ Frankfurt Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Univ Sunderland Sch Comp & Technol Hybrid Intelligent Syst Sunderland SR2 7EE Durham England

By frame of reference transformations, an input variable in one coordinate system is transformed into an output variable in a different coordinate system depending on another input variable. If the variables are represented as neural population codes, then a sigma-pi network is a natural way of coding this transformation. By multiplying two inputs it detects coactivations of input units, and by summing over the multiplied inputs, one output unit can respond invariantly to different combinations of coactivated input units. Here, we present a sigma-pi network and a learning algorithm by which the output representation self-organizes to form a topographic map. This network solves the frame of reference transformation problem by unsupervised learning. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： frame of reference transformations population coding invariances

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Neural spike statistics modify the impact of background noise

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2001年 38卷 445-450页

作者： Wilke, SD Eurich, CW Univ Bremen Inst Theoret Phys D-28334 Bremen Germany

Neural populations in the neocortex typically encode multiple stimulus features, e.g., position, brightness, contrast, and orientation of a visual stimulus in the case of cells in area 17. Here, we perform a Fisher information analysis of the encoding accuracy of a neural population which is sensitive to D stimulus features. The neurons are assumed to exhibit a non-vanishing level of baseline activity. It is shown that the encoding accuracy decreases drastically with D if the spike count variance depends on the mean spike count, as is the case for Poissonian spike statistics. The need to reduce the susceptibility to background noise thus poses severe restrictions on the neural firing statistics or the number of encoded stimulus features. The results hold for uncorrelated as well as for correlated activity in the neural population. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： population coding response variability baseline activity Fisher information

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Synthesis of Conserved Odor Object Representations in a Random, Divergent-Convergent Network

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NEURON 2020年第2期108卷 367-+页

作者： Endo, Keita Tsuchimoto, Yoshiko Kazama, Hokto RIKEN Ctr Brain Sci 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan RIKEN CBS KAO Collaborat Ctr 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Arts & Sci Meguro Ku 3-8-1 Komaba Tokyo 1538902 Japan

Animals are capable of recognizing mixtures and groups of odors as a unitary object. However, how odor object representations are generated in the brain remains elusive. Here, we investigate sensory transformation between the primary olfactory center and its downstream region, the mushroom body (MB), in Drosophila and show that clustered representations for mixtures and groups of odors emerge in the MB at the population and single-cell levels. Decoding analyses demonstrate that neurons selective for mixtures and groups enhance odor generalization. Responses of these neurons and those selective for individual odors all emerge in an experimentally well-constrained model implementing divergent-convergent, random connectivity between the primary center and the MB. Furthermore, we found that relative odor representations are conserved across animals despite this random connectivity. Our results show that the generation of distinct representations for individual odors and groups and mixtures of odors in the MB can be understood in a unified computational and mechanistic framework.

关键词： olfactory transformation population coding decoding comprehensive calcium imaging modelling Drosophila mushroom body

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