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Increased pattern separation in the aged fascia dentata

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2011年第12期32卷 2317.e23-2317.e32页

作者： Marrone, Diano F. Adams, Allison A. Satvat, Elham Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Psychol Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada Univ Arizona McKnight Brain Inst Tucson AZ 85719 USA

One prominent impairment associated with aging is a deficit in the ability of the hippocampus to form stable contextual representations. Place-specific firing in granule cells of the fascia dentata (FD) is thought to aid the formation of multiple stable memory representations by disambiguating similar experiences (a process termed pattern separation), such as when an animal repeatedly enters similar environments or contexts. Using zif268/egr1 as a marker of cellular activity, we show that aged animals, which have altered place maps in other areas of the hippocampal formation, also show altered granule cell activity during multiple visits to similar environments. That is, the FD of aged animals is more likely to recruit distinct granule cell populations, and thus show greater pattern separation, during two visits to similar (or even the same) environments. However, if two highly distinct environments are visited, this age-related increase in pattern separation is no longer apparent. Moreover, increased pattern separation in similar environments correlates with decline in the ability of aged animals to disambiguate similar contexts in a sequential spatial recognition task. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aging Granule cell Hippocampal function Imaging Learning and memory population coding

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Contribution of non-sensory neurons in visual cortical areas to visually guided decisions in the rat

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CURRENT BIOLOGY 2021年第13期31卷 2757-+页

作者： Osako, Yuma Ohnuki, Tomoya Tanisumi, Yuta Shiotani, Kazuki Manabe, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Yoshio Hirokawa, Junya Doshisha Univ Grad Sch Brain Sci Lab Neural Informat 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Ritsumeikan Univ Coll Life Sci I-1-1 Noji Higashi Kusatsu Shiga 5258577 Japan

It is widely assumed that trial-by-trial variability in visual detection performance is explained by the fidelity of visual responses in visual cortical areas influenced by fluctuations of internal states, such as vigilance and behavioral history. However, it is not clear which neuronal ensembles represent such different internal states. Here, we utilized a visual detection task, which distinguishes internal states in response to identical stimuli, while recording neurons simultaneously from the primary visual cortex (V1) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We found that rats sometimes withheld their responses to visual stimuli despite the robust presence of visual responses in V1. Our unsupervised analysis revealed distinct population dynamics segregating hit responses from misses, orthogonally embedded to visual response dynamics in both V1 and PPC. Heterogeneous non-sensory neurons in V1 and PPC significantly contributed to population-level encoding accompanied with the modulation of noise correlation only in V1. These results highlight the non-trivial contributions of non-sensory neurons in V1 and PPC for population-level computations that reflect the animals' internal states to drive behavioral responses to visual stimuli.

关键词： visually guided decision making visual cortex non-sensory neurons population coding noise correlation internal state

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Phase locking of hippocampal CA3 neurons to distal CA1 theta oscillations selectively predicts memory performance

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CELL REPORTS 2024年第6期43卷 114276页

作者： Ku, Shih-Pi Atucha, Erika Alavi, Nico Mulla-Osman, Halla Kayumova, Rukhshona Yoshida, Motoharu Csicsvari, Jozsef Sauvage, Magdalena M. Leibniz Inst Neurobiol Funct Architecture Memory Dept Magdeburg Germany German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE Magdeburg Germany Inst Sci & Technol IST Klosterneuburg Austria Otto Von Guericke Univ Med Fac Funct Neuroplast Dept Magdeburg Germany Ctr Behav Brain Sci CBBS Magdeburg Germany

How the coordination of neuronal spiking and brain rhythms between hippocampal subregions supports memory function remains elusive. We studied the interregional coordination of CA3 neuronal spiking with CA1 theta oscillations by recording electrophysiological signals along the proximodistal axis of the hippocampus in rats that were performing a high -memory -demand recognition memory task adapted from humans. We found that CA3 population spiking occurs preferentially at the peak of distal CA1 theta oscillations when memory was tested but only when previously encountered stimuli were presented. In addition, decoding analyses revealed that only population cell firing of proximal CA3 together with that of distal CA1 can predict performance at test in the present non -spatial task. Overall, our work demonstrates an important role for the synchronization of CA3 neuronal activity with CA1 theta oscillations during memory testing.

关键词： recognition memory proximal distal hippocampus CA1 CA3 theta support vector machine population coding odor

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Circuits for Action and Cognition: A View from the Superior Colliculus

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Vision Science 1000年第1期3卷 197-226页

作者： Michele A. Basso Paul J. May 1Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Neurobiology Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior Brain Research Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California 90095 email: mbasso@mednet.ucla.edu 2Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi 39216

The superior colliculus is one of the most well-studied structures in the brain, and with each new report, its proposed role in behavior seems to increase in complexity. Forty years of evidence show that the colliculus is critical for reorienting an organism toward objects of interest. In monkeys, this involves saccadic eye movements. Recent work in the monkey colliculus and in the homologous optic tectum of the bird extends our understanding of the role of the colliculus in higher mental functions, such as attention and decision making. In this review, we highlight some of these recent results, as well as those capitalizing on circuit-based methodologies using transgenic mice models, to understand the contribution of the colliculus to attention and decision making. The wealth of information we have about the colliculus, together with new tools, provides a unique opportunity to obtain a detailed accounting of the neurons, circuits, and computations that underlie complex behavior.

关键词： attention decision making saccades orienting population coding normalization movement vision

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Decoding defensive systems

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CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022年第0期76卷 102600-102600页

作者： Herry, Cyril Jercog, Daniel INSERM Neuroctr Magendie U1215 146 Rue Leo Saignat F-33077 Bordeaux France Univ Bordeaux Neuroctr Magendie U1215 146 Rue Leo Saignat F-33077 Bordeaux France

Our understanding of the neuronal circuits and mechanisms of defensive systems has been primarily dominated by studies focusing on the contribution of individual cells in the processing of threat-predictive cues, defensive responses, the extinction of such responses and the contextual modulation of threatrelated behavior. These studies have been key in establishing threat-related circuits and mechanisms. Yet, they fall short in answering long-standing questions related to the integrative processing of distinct threatening cues, behavioral states induced by threat-related events, or the bridging from sensory processing of threat-related cues to specific defensive responses. Recent conceptual and technical developments has allowed the monitoring of large populations of neurons, which in addition to advanced analytic tools, have improved our understanding of how collective neuronal activity supports threatrelated behaviors. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of neuronal population codes within threat-related networks, in the context of aversive motivated behavior and the study of defensive systems.

关键词： Defensive behaviors population coding Machine learning Systems neuroscience Behavioral neurophysiology

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High-precision coding in visual cortex

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CELL 2021年第10期184卷 2767-+页

作者： Stringer, Carsen Michaelos, Michalis Tsyboulski, Dmitri Lindo, Sarah E. Pachitariu, Marius HHMI Janelia Res Campus Ashburn VA 20147 USA

Individual neurons in visual cortex provide the brain with unreliable estimates of visual features. It is not known whether the single-neuron variability is correlated across large neural populations, thus impairing the global encoding of stimuli. We recorded simultaneously from up to 50,000 neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) and in higher order visual areas and measured stimulus discrimination thresholds of 0.35 degrees and 0.37 degrees, respectively, in an orientation decoding task. These neural thresholds were almost 100 times smaller than the behavioral discrimination thresholds reported in mice. This discrepancy could not be explained by stimulus properties or arousal states. Furthermore, behavioral variability during a sensory discrimination task could not be explained by neural variability in V1. Instead, behavior-related neural activity arose dynamically across a network of non-sensory brain areas. These results imply that perceptual discrimination in mice is limited by downstream decoders, not by neural noise in sensory representations.

关键词： visual cortex population coding information theory large-scale neural recordings

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The mushroom body output encodes behavioral decision during sensory-motor transformation

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CURRENT BIOLOGY 2023年第19期33卷 4217-+页

作者： Arican, Cansu Schmitt, Felix Johannes Roessler, Wolfgang Strube-Bloss, Martin Fritz Nawrot, Martin Paul Univ Cologne Inst Zool Computat Syst Neurosci Zulpicher Str 47b D-50674 Cologne Germany Univ Wurzburg Behav Physiol & Sociobiol Zool 2 Biozentrum D-97074 Wurzburg Germany Univ Bielefeld Dept Biol Cybernet & Theoret Biol Univ Str 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany

Animals form a behavioral decision by evaluating sensory evidence on the background of past experiences and the momentary motivational state. In insects, we still lack understanding of how and at which stage of the recurrent sensory-motor pathway behavioral decisions are formed. The mushroom body (MB), a central brain structure in insects1 and crustaceans,2,3 integrates sensory input of different modalities4-6 with the internal state, the behavioral state, and external sensory context7-10 through a large number of recurrent, mostly neuromodulatory inputs,11,12 implicating a functional role for MBs in state-dependent sensory-motor transformation.13,14 A number of classical conditioning studies in honeybees15,16 and fruit flies17-19 have provided accumulated evidence that at its output, the MB encodes the valence of a sensory stimulus with respect to its behavioral relevance. Recent work has extended this notion of valence encoding to the context of innate behaviors.8,20-22 Here, we co-analyzed a defined feeding behavior and simultaneous extracellular single unit recordings from MB output neurons (MBONs) in the cockroach in response to timed sensory stimulation with odors. We show that clear neuronal responses occurred almost exclusively during behaviorally responded trials. Early MBON responses to the sensory stimulus preceded the feeding behavior and predicted its occurrence or non-occurrence from the single-trial population activity. Our results therefore suggest that at its output, the MB does not merely encode sensory stimulus valence. We hypothesize instead that the MB output represents an integrated signal of internal state, momentary environmental conditions, and experience-dependent memory to encode a behavioral decision.

关键词： mushroom body population coding decision making feeding behavior behavioral neurophysiology olfaction sensory-motor transformation cockroach

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A mechanosensory feedback that uncouples external and self-generated sensory responses in the olfactory cortex

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CELL REPORTS 2024年第4期43卷 114013页

作者： Dehaqani, Alireza A. Michelon, Filippo Patella, Paola Petrucco, Luigi Piasini, Eugenio Iurilli, Giuliano Ist Italiano Tecnol Ctr Neurosci & Cognit Syst I-38068 Rovereto Italy Univ Trento CIMeC I-38068 Rovereto Italy Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA Trieste Italy

Sampling behaviors have sensory consequences that can hinder perceptual stability. In olfaction, sniffing affects early odor encoding, mimicking a sudden change in odor concentration. We examined how the inhalation speed affects the representation of odor concentration in the main olfactory cortex. Neurons combine the odor input with a global top -down signal preceding the sniff and a mechanosensory feedback generated by the air passage through the nose during inhalation. Still, the population representation of concentration is remarkably sniff invariant. This is because the mechanosensory and olfactory responses are uncorrelated within and across neurons. Thus, faster odor inhalation and an increase in concentration change the cortical activity pattern in distinct ways. This encoding strategy affords tolerance to potential concentration fluctuations caused by varying inhalation speeds. Since mechanosensory reafferences are widespread across sensory systems, the coding scheme described here may be a canonical strategy to mitigate the sensory ambiguities caused by movements.

关键词： piriform cortex smelling active sensing invariance reafference mechanosensation multisensory integration population coding electrophysiology

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Shifting Spike Times or Adding and Deleting Spikes-How Different Types of Noise Shape Signal Transmission in Neural populations

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JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015年第1期5卷 1-1页

作者： Voronenko, Sergej O. Stannat, Wilhelm Lindner, Benjamin Bernstein Ctr Computat Neurosci D-10115 Berlin Germany Humboldt Univ Dept Phys D-12489 Berlin Germany TU Berlin Inst Math D-10587 Berlin Germany

We study a population of spiking neurons which are subject to independent noise processes and a strong common time-dependent input. We show that the response of output spikes to independent noise shapes information transmission of such populations even when information transmission properties of single neurons are left unchanged. In particular, we consider two Poisson models in which independent noise either (i) adds and deletes spikes (AD model) or (ii) shifts spike times (STS model). We show that in both models suprathreshold stochastic resonance (SSR) can be observed, where the information transmitted by a neural population is increased with addition of independent noise. In the AD model, the presence of the SSR effect is robust and independent of the population size or the noise spectral statistics. In the STS model, the information transmission properties of the population are determined by the spectral statistics of the noise, leading to a strongly increased effect of SSR in some regimes, or an absence of SSR in others. Furthermore, we observe a high-pass filtering of information in the STS model that is absent in the AD model. We quantify information transmission by means of the lower bound on the mutual information rate and the spectral coherence function. To this end, we derive the signal-output cross-spectrum, the output power spectrum, and the cross-spectrum of two spike trains for both models analytically.

关键词： Time-dependent input population coding Common noise Shifting of spikes Addition and deletion of spikes Mutual information Suprathreshold stochastic resonance

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Neural Correlates of Multisensory Detection Behavior: Comparison of Primary and Higher-Order Visual Cortex

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CELL REPORTS 2020年第6期31卷 107636-107636页

作者： Meijer, Guido T. Marchesi, Pietro Mejias, Jorge F. Montijn, Jorrit S. Lansink, Carien S. Pennartz, Cyriel M. A. Univ Amsterdam Fac Sci Ctr Neurosci Swammerdam Inst Life Sci NL-1098 XH Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Amsterdam Res Prior Program Brain & Cognit NL-1098 XH Amsterdam Netherlands

We act upon stimuli in our surrounding environment by gathering the multisensory information they convey and by integrating this information to decide on a behavioral action. We hypothesized that the anterolateral secondary visual cortex (area AL) of the mouse brain may serve as a hub for sensorimotor transformation of audiovisual information. We imaged neuronal activity in primary visual cortex (V1) and AL of the mouse during a detection task using visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimuli. We found that AL neurons were more sensitive to weak uni- and multisensory stimuli compared to V1. Depending on contrast, different subsets of AL and V1 neurons showed cross-modal modulation of visual responses. During audiovisual stimulation, AL neurons showed stronger differentiation of behaviorally reported versus unreported stimuli compared to V1, whereas V1 showed this distinction during unisensory visual stimulation. Thus, neural population activity in area AL correlates more closely with multisensory detection behavior than V1.

关键词： crossmodal detection multisensory integration calcium imaging V1 AL visual auditory perception population coding

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