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Multineuronal vectorization is more efficient than time-segmental vectorization for information extraction from neuronal activities in the inferior temporal cortex

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NEURAL NETWORKS 2010年第6期23卷 733-742页

作者： Kaneko, Hidekazu Tamura, Hiroshi Tate, Shunta Kawashima, Takahiro Suzuki, Shinya S. Fujita, Ichiro Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Inst Human Sci & Biomed Engn Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058566 Japan Osaka Univ Grad Sch Frontier Biosci Lab Cognit Neurosci Osaka 5608531 Japan Japan Sci & Technol Agcy CREST Kawaguchi Saitama 3320012 Japan Toyohashi Univ Technol Cooperat Res Facil Ctr Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

In order for patients with disabilities to control assistive devices with their own neural activity, multineuronal spike trains must be efficiently decoded because only limited computational resources can be used to generate prosthetic control signals in portable real-time applications. In this study, we compare the abilities of two vectorizing procedures (multineuronal and time-segmental) to extract information from spike trains during the same total neuron-seconds. In the multineuronal vectorizing procedure, we defined a response vector whose components represented the spike counts of one to five neurons. In the time-segmental vectorizing procedure, a response vector consisted of components representing a neuron's spike counts for one to five time-segment(s) of a response period of 1 s. Spike trains were recorded from neurons in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys presented with visual stimuli. We examined whether the amount of information of the visual stimuli carried by these neurons differed between the two vectorizing procedures. The amount of information calculated with the multineuronal vectorizing procedure, but not the time-segmental vectorizing procedure, significantly increased with the dimensions of the response vector. We conclude that the multineuronal vectorizing procedure is superior to the time-segmental vectorizing procedure in efficiently extracting information from neuronal signals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory Temporal coding population coding Decoding Single-unit recording Vision Inferior temporal cortex Brain-machine interface

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Expression-invariant face recognition using a biological disparity energy model

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2018年 297卷 82-93页

作者： Martins, Jaime A. Lam, R. L. Rodrigues, J. M. F. du Buf, J. M. H. Univ Algarve LARSyS FCT & ISE Vis Lab Faro Portugal

Biologically-compatible methods are not commonly used for face recognition. Complex computational approaches are preferred and dominate the state of the art. However, we know that the human brain is very efficient at processing faces, without explicitly depending on advanced mathematics. In this paper we focus on evaluating the performance of an expression-invariant face recognition system, which is based on the most widely-accepted biological model of stereo vision: the Disparity Energy Model (DEM), which has been shown to deliver precise but inaccurate results. We show that the DEM can provide 3D disparity maps which are suitable for both identity recognition and verification, even coping with a wide range of facial expressions. We test disparity information, both alone and in combination with luminance data, achieving state-of-the-art results. We also compare DEM results with those obtained by precise and accurate laser range maps, concluding that the differences in performance are very small. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stereo vision Visual cortex Disparity-energy model population coding Face recognition Verification Neural network LDA PCA

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Linking neurons to behavior in multisensory perception: A computational review

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BRAIN RESEARCH 2008年 1242卷 4-12页

作者： Ma, Wei Ji Pouget, Alexandre Univ Rochester Dept Brain & Cognit Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA

A large body of psychophysical. and physiological findings has characterized how information is integrated across multiple senses. This work has focused on two major issues: how do we integrate information, and when do we integrate, i.e., how do we decide if two signals come from the same source or different sources. Recent studies suggest that humans and animals use Bayesian strategies to solve both problems. With regard to how to integrate, computational studies have also started to shed light on the neural basis of this Bayes-optimal computation, suggesting that, if neuronal variability is Poisson-like, a simple linear combination of population activity is all that is required for optimality. We review both sets of developments, which together lay out a path towards a complete neural theory of multisensory perception. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multisensory integration Cue combination Computational modeling population coding Neural variability Superadditivity Segregation

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Neuronal population mechanisms of lightness perception

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2018年第5期120卷 2296-2310页

作者： Ruff, Douglas A. Brainard, David H. Cohen, Marlene R. Univ Pittsburgh Dept Neurosci Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Pittsburgh Ctr Neural Basis Cognit Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Penn Dept Psychol 3815 Walnut St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

The way that humans and animals perceive the lightness of an object depends on its physical luminance as well as its surrounding context. While neuronal responses throughout the visual pathway are modulated by context, the relationship between neuronal responses and lightness perception is poorly understood. We searched for a neuronal mechanism of lightness by recording responses of neuronal populations in monkey primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 to stimuli that produce a lightness illusion in humans, in which the lightness of a disk depends on the context in which it is embedded. We found that the way individual units encode the luminance (or equivalently for our stimuli, contrast) of the disk and its context is extremely heterogeneous. This motivated us to ask whether the population representation in either V1 or V4 satisfies three criteria: 1) disk luminance is represented with high fidelity, 2) the context surrounding the disk is also represented, and 3) the representations of disk luminance and context interact to create a representation of lightness that depends on these factors in a manner consistent with human psychophysical judgments of disk lightness. We found that populations of units in both V1 and V4 fulfill the first two criteria but that we cannot conclude that the two types of information in either area interact in a manner that clearly predicts human psychophysical measurements: the interpretation of our population measurements depends on how subsequent areas read out lightness from the population responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A core question in visual neuroscience is how the brain extracts stable representations of object properties from the retinal image. We searched for a neuronal mechanism of lightness perception by determining whether the responses of neuronal populations in primary visual cortex and area V4 could account for a lightness illusion measured using human psychophysics. Our results suggest that comparing psychophysics with popula

关键词： lightness population coding psychophysics visual cortex

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A novel spinal neuron connection for heat sensation

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NEURON 2022年第14期110卷 2315-+页

作者： Wang, Hongsheng Chen, Wenbing Dong, Zhaoqi Xing, Guanglin Cui, Wanpeng Yao, Lingling Zou, Wen-Jun Robinson, Heath L. Bian, Yaoyao Liu, Zhipeng Zhao, Kai Luo, Bin Gao, Nannan Zhang, Hongsheng Ren, Xiao Yu, Zheng Meixiong, James Xiong, Wen-Cheng Mei, Lin Case Western Reserve Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosci 10900 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44106 USA Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr Cleveland OH 44106 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Solomon H Snyder Dept Neurosci Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Med Scientist Training Program Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Heat perception enables acute avoidance responses to prevent tissue damage and maintain body thermal ho-meostasis. Unlike other modalities, how heat signals are processed in the spinal cord remains unclear. By sin-gle-cell gene profiling, we identified ErbB4, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, as a novel marker of heat -sensi-tive spinal neurons in mice. Ablating spinal ErbB4+ neurons attenuates heat sensation. These neurons receive monosynaptic inputs from TRPV1+ nociceptors and form excitatory synapses onto target neurons. Activation of ErbB4+ neurons enhances the heat response, while inhibition reduces the heat response. We showed that heat sensation is regulated by NRG1, an activator of ErbB4, and it involves dynamic activity of the tyrosine kinase that promotes glutamatergic transmission. Evidence indicates that the NRG1-ErbB4 signaling is also engaged in hy-persensitivity of pathological pain. Together, these results identify a spinal neuron connection consisting of ErbB4+ neurons for heat sensation and reveal a regulatory mechanism by the NRG1-ErbB4 signaling.

关键词： heat sensation spinal cord ErbB4 NRG1 heat hypersensitivity TRPV1 chemogenetics population coding dynamic activity glutamatergic transmission

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Signal-To-Noise-Optimal scaling of heterogenous population codes

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NETWORK-COMPUTATION IN NEURAL SYSTEMS 2013年第3期24卷 114-128页

作者： Leibold, Christian Univ Munich Dept Biol 2 D-82152 Planegg Martinsried Germany

Similarity measures for neuronal population responses that are based on scalar products can be little informative if the neurons have different firing statistics. Based on signal-to-noise optimality, this paper derives positive weighting factors for the individual neurons' response rates in a heterogeneous neuronal population. The weights only depend on empirical statistics. If firing follows Poisson statistics, the weights can be interpreted as mutual information per spike. The scaling is shown to improve linear separability and clustering as compared to unscaled inputs.

关键词： information theory network models population coding

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Inferotemporal cortex and object vision

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE 1996年第1期19卷 109-139页

作者： Tanaka, K The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 35141 Japan

Cells in area TE of the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey brain selectively respond to various moderately complex object features, and those that cluster in a columnar region that runs perpendicular to the cortical surface respond to similar features. Although cells within a column respond to similar features, their selectivity is not necessarily identical. The data of optical imaging in TE have suggested that the borders between neighboring columns are not discrete;a continuous mapping of complex feature space within a larger region contains several partially overlapped columns. This continuous mapping may be used for various computations, such as production of the image of the object at different viewing angles, illumination conditions, and articulation poses.

关键词： macaque monkey extrastriate visual cortex object vision optical imaging population coding

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Computational approaches to motor control

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CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2001年第6期11卷 655-662页

作者： Flash, T Sejnowski, TJ Weizmann Inst Sci Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci IL-76100 Rehovot Israel Salk Inst Biol Studies Howard Hughes Med Inst La Jolla CA 92037 USA

New concepts and computational models that integrate behavioral and neurophysiological observations have addressed several of the most fundamental long-standing problems in motor control. These problems include the selection of particular trajectories among the large number of possibilities, the solution of inverse kinematics and dynamics problems, motor adaptation and the learning of sequential behaviors.

关键词： Computational models motor system models trajectory planning population coding optimal control inverse kinematics coordinate frames sensorimotor transformations inverse dynamics motor learning

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The averaging of numerosities: A psychometric investigation of the mental line

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ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS 2021年第3期83卷 1152-1168页

作者： Katzin, Naama Rosenbaum, David Usher, Marius Tel Aviv Univ Tel Aviv Israel

Humans and animals are capable of estimating and discriminating nonsymbolic numerosities via mental representation of magnitudes-the approximate number system (ANS). There are two models of the ANS system, which are similar in their prediction in numerosity discrimination tasks. The log-Gaussian model, which assumes numerosities are represented on a compressed logarithmic scale, and the scalar variability model, which assumes numerosities are represented on a linear scale. In the first experiment of this paper, we contrasted these models using averaging of numerosities. We examined whether participants generate a compressed mean (i.e., geometric mean) or a linear mean when averaging two numerosities. Our results demonstrated that half of the participants are linear and half are compressed;however, in general, the compression is milder than a logarithmic compression. In Experiments2and3, we examined averaging of numerosities in sequences larger than two. We found that averaging precision increases with sequence length. These results are in line with previous findings, suggesting a mechanism in which the estimate is generated by population averaging of the responses each stimulus generates on the numerosity representation.

关键词： Decision making Summary statistics population coding Mental number line Approximate numerical system (ANS) Numerosity representation

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coding OF FREE FIELD INTENSITY IN THE AUDITORY MIDBRAIN OF THE LEOPARD FROG .1. RESULTS FOR TONAL STIMULI

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HEARING RESEARCH 1989年第1-2期40卷 147-165页

作者： EGGERMONT, JJ Behavioral Neuroscience Research Group Department of Psychology The University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

Single unit recordings in the auditory midbrain of the leopard frog were obtained in response to free field, random frequency, tone pip stimulation. Five sequences of 81 logarithmically distributed frequencies from 100 Hz to 3200 Hz inclusive at stimulus levels between 94 dB SPL and the unit''s threshold were presented. Sigmoidal response-intensity functions were fit through the data points for monotonic and nearly monotonic unit (53 in total) at all frequencies for which the units were responsive. From the fitcures a generalized slope and inflection point were obtained and converted into a dynamic range and a threshold value. Single unit dynamic ranges at CF frequencies were between 5 and 80 dB, and thresholds were between 20 dB and 90 dB. For the population of units the dynamic ranges were positively correlated with the threshold values. A population response was computed by adding the response at each intensity-frequency combination, and again curve fitting with the sigmoidal function. The population dynamic range was about 70 dB for the basilar papilla range (around 1200 Hz) and somewhat less, about 45 dB, for the amphibian papilla neurons. The amount of synchronization of the firings of the individual units with the stimulus was calculated on basis of the shifted auto-coincidence function. The stimulus synchronization appeared to be largely independent of stimulus intensity. Inter-neuron synchronization was computed on basis of the cross-coincidence function of two neuronal spike trains. Also this synchronization was stimulus independent. It was concluded that synchronization or other forms of multiplicative action cannot on its own code for stimulus intensity. From the appliction of signal detection theory it is concluded that a rate coding on basis of a modest population of units has an acceptable dynamic range, roughly covering 30-100 dB SPL, produces a more than adequate sensitivity for intensity differences and may be used as a code for intensity.

关键词： Auto-correlation Cross-correlation Frog Intensity-coding population coding Rate-coding Single unit coding Synchrony-coding Torus semicircularis

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