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Opportunities and Challenges in Securing Critical Infrastructures Through Cryptography

IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2021年第5期19卷 57-65页

作者： Yang, Zheng Adepu, Sridhar Zhou, Jianying Southwest Univ Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore Singapore

Components of modern critical infrastructures (CIs), like water treatment and smart grids, are potential targets for attackers. We present the state of cryptographic techniques with timeliness and availability being t... 详细信息

关键词： Cryptography Cyber Physical Systems power engineering computing Security Of Data Smart power Grids Water Treatment Cryptography Modern Critical Infrastructures CI Water Treatment Smart Grids Potential Targets Cryptographic Techniques Security Cryptography Process Control Malware Control Systems Transportation Computer Crime

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Parallel resultant elimination algorithm to solve the selective harmonic elimination problem

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IET power ELECTRONICS 2016年第1期9卷 71-80页

作者： Yang, Kehu Chen, Liangyu Zhang, Jianjun Hao, Jun Yu, Wensheng China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech Elect & Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China E China Normal Univ Shanghai Key Lab Trustworthy Comp Shanghai Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China

Although the resultant elimination method can get all the possible solutions for the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) problem without the selection of initial values, it still has some fatal shortcomings, such as the high computation burden and the huge memory consumption caused by the intermediate expression swell in the procedure of computing the symbolic determinant of the Sylvester matrix. On the basis of the principle of polynomial interpolation, an algorithm framework is proposed to compute the resultant polynomials, which contains the following two major steps: the evaluation of numerical interpolation points and the solution of linear equations. This approach avoids symbolic computing whose computation complexity is usually very high, furthermore, both of these two steps are suitable for parallel implementing which can speed up the computing tremendously. By using the extended n-dimensional Bjorck-Pereyra's algorithm, this algorithm framework is implemented on a parallel computing system, and it has been used to solve the SHE equations for two-level, three-level, and multilevel inverters. As all the possible solutions can be found by this algorithm, the optimal solutions which have the lowest total harmonic distortion can be identified. Experiment results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： parallel algorithms matrix algebra interpolation polynomials invertors power engineering computing harmonic distortion parallel resultant elimination algorithm selective harmonic elimination problem Sylvester matrix polynomial interpolation resultant polynomials parallel computing system multilevel inverters three-level inverters two-level inverters harmonic distortion

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Multi-agent receding horizon control with neighbour-to-neighbour communication for prevention of voltage collapse in a multi-area power system

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2014年第9期8卷 1604-1615页

作者： Islam, Sk. Razibul Muttaqi, Kashem M. Sutanto, Danny Univ Wollongong Australian Power Qual & Reliabil Ctr Sch Elect Comp & Telecommun Engn Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

In this study, a multi-agent receding horizon control is proposed for emergency control of long-term voltage instability in a multi-area power system. The proposed approach is based on a distributed control of intelligent agents in a multi-agent environment where each agent preserves its local information and communicates with its neighbours to find an optimal solution. In this study, optimality condition decomposition is used to decompose the overall problem into several sub-problems, each to be solved by an individual agent. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the agents can find an optimal solution without the interaction of any central controller and by communicating with only its immediate neighbours through neighbour-to-neighbour communication. The proposed control approach is tested using the Nordic-32 test system and simulation results show its effectiveness, particularly in terms of its ability to provide solution in distributed control environment and reduce the control complexity of the problem that may be experienced in a centralised environment. The proposed approach has been compared with the traditional Lagrangian decomposition method and is found to be better in terms of fast convergence and real-time application.

关键词： power system dynamic stability multi-agent systems intelligent control voltage control distributed control power engineering computing multiagent receding horizon control neighbour-to-neighbour communication voltage collapse prevention multiarea power system emergency control long-term voltage instability distributed control intelligent agents optimality condition decomposition Nordic-32 test system Lagrangian decomposition method

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computing THE INTERNAL TRANSIENT VOLTAGE RESPONSE OF A TRANSFORMER WITH A NONLINEAR CORE USING GEARS METHOD .2. VERIFICATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power SYSTEMS 1995年第2期10卷 702-708页

作者： VAKILIAN, M DEGENEFF, RC KUPFERSCHMID, M RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST INFORMAT TECHNOL SERVTROYNY 12180

EHV transformer's insulation structure must be designed to withstand the internal electrical stresses generated during system transients. Computer models are employed for predetermination of these stresses. Part 1 of this paper developed a detailed transformer model and solution method representing the nonlinear, saturable characteristic of the core during transients. The resulting set of stiff nonlinear differential algebraic equations (DAE's) are solved by and application of Gear's method. Part 2 presents the verification cation of this methodology. This is accomplished by comparing the computed and measured response of a 765/345/34.5kV 500MVA autotransformer during energization and transient excitation.

关键词： Transformer cores Gears power transformer insulation power system transients power engineering computing power system modeling Surges power engineering and energy Windings Iron

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A superimposed current based busbar protection scheme using slope degree of grey incidence analysis model

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2023年第1期17卷 161-180页

作者： Joband, M. Homayounifar, S. Sarlak, M. Jundi Shapur Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn POB 64615-334 Dezful Iran

Superimposed current components contain effective information, which can be employed to enhance the dependability and security of busbar protection relays. This study aims to investigate the use of the slope degree of grey incidence analysis model to design a methodology for busbar protection. A grey-based busbar protection criterion has been established to inspect the similarities of the superimposed currents measured by nearby CTs inside busbar protection zone. It is concluded that fault is internal if all of the superimposed currents are similar, otherwise, fault is external. It is shown that in all of the simulated cases, the authors' methodology can make reliable discrimination between internal and external faults. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the protection indexes of the proposed scheme including security, dependability, sensitivity, and selectivity, are satisfactory for different conditions including fault type, fault resistance (to 500 ohm), fault inception angle, simultaneous faults, evolving faults, faults during transformer energization, CT saturation and normal operating switchings and white noise. Besides, the improvements noted in our algorithm are achieved with a low computational burden and sampling rate. Also, the scheme can be implemented in digital relays. It means that the existing busbar protection scheme can be replaced by the proposed scheme.

关键词： power transmission protection external faults power transmission faults grey-based busbar protection criterion different conditions including fault type grey incidence analysis model scheme including security power system protection grey systems power system protection protection indexes electric current measurement relay protection busbar protection relays busbars white noise existing busbar protection scheme slope degree Transformers and reactors simultaneous faults Current measurement internal faults busbar protection zone superimposed current components power engineering computing fault resistance superimposed current based busbar protection scheme superimposed currents

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EMERGENCY LOAD SHEDDING TO AVOID RISKS OF VOLTAGE INSTABILITY USING INDICATORS - DISCUSSION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power SYSTEMS 1994年第1期9卷 350-350页

作者： CHOW, JC FISCHL, R Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble LEG-ENSIEG (C.N.R.S. UA-355) Domaine Universitaire Saint Martin d'Heres France Direction des Etudes et Recherches Département FORCAM Electricity de France (EDF) Clamart France

This paper presents a new method to determine a viable load shedding scheme. This scheme presents to the system operator the location and amount of load to be shed to avoid a voltage collapse. In order to develop such a scheme in a timely fashion, indicators are developed to assess the risk of voltage collapse at a particular bus, and a sensitivity matrix coupling the amount of load to be shed and the indicator is computed. The method takes into account nonlinearities caused by generators reaching their limits of reactive power output. The advantages of the proposed method are viable network security, short computing times and low memory requirements due to the use of sparse vector techniques. The method developed has been tested with the 30 bus New-England test system and with a 206 bus 400 kV simplified French network with satisfactory results.< >

关键词： power generation Reactive power System testing power systems power system security Computer networks Low voltage Stability power engineering computing power engineering and energy

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New split-radix algorithm for the discrete Hartley transform

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 1997年第2期45卷 297-302页

作者： Bi, G School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

This paper presents a split-radix algorithm that can flexibly compute the discrete Hartley transforms of various sequence lengths, Comparisons with previously reported algorithms are made in terms of the required number of additions and multiplications, It shows that the length-3*2(m) DHT's need a smaller number of multiplications than the length-2(m) DHT's. However, they both require about the same computational complexity in terms of the total number of additions and multiplications. Optimized computation of length-12, -16 and -24 DPT's are also provided.

关键词： Discrete transforms Signal processing algorithms Content addressable storage Computational complexity Costs power engineering computing Bismuth Digital signal processing Computational efficiency

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Fuzzy based methodologies comparison for high-impedance fault diagnosis in radial distribution feeders

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第6期11卷 1557-1565页

作者： Tonelli-Neto, Mauro S. Decanini, Jose Guilherme M. S. Lotufo, Anna Diva P. Minussi, Carlos Roberto Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sao Paulo IFSP Campus Votuporanga BR-15503110 Votuporanga SP Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sao Paulo IFSP Campus Presidente Epitacio BR-19470000 Presidente Epitacio SP Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP Elect Engn Dept Campus Ilha SolteiraAve Brasil 56POB 31 BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira SP Brazil

This study presents a comparison of two developed intelligent systems that carries out, in an integrated manner, failure diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders. These procedures aim to identify and classify critical situations, as high-impedance faults, which can potentially damage the system components and cause power supply interruptions to consumers. The intelligent systems combine the wavelet transform, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, voting scheme, fuzzy inference system and artificial neural networks. Results show the efficiency, reliability, and robustness of the proposed methodology, allowing its real-time application.

关键词： fuzzy set theory fuzzy reasoning neural nets power engineering computing power distribution faults fault diagnosis wavelet transforms fuzzy based methodology high-impedance fault diagnosis radial distribution feeders intelligent systems electric power distribution feeders system components power supply interruptions wavelet transform Dempster-Shafer evidence theory voting scheme , fuzzy inference system artificial neural networks

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Research on central air-conditioning control strategy of intelligent building group based on DFT

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2022年第10期16卷 2097-2109页

作者： Li, Bin Yang, Mengru Li, Zhineng Bai, Xiaoqing Guangxi Univ Guangxi Key Lab Power Syst Optimizat & Energy Tec 100 East Daxue Rd Nanning Peoples R China Guangxi Power Grid Nanning Power Supply Bur Nanning Peoples R China

To construct a multi-energy complementary system for intelligent building group, a direct control strategy for central air conditioning based on discrete Fourier transform is proposed. This strategy can reduce the deviation between actual load and transaction results while absorbing photovoltaic (PV) power generation and improving the enterprise economy in the power market environment. The strategy uses the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to find the scheduling demand of the central air-conditioning (AC) group and realizes the scheduling demand by changing the temperature setting value. Also, the strategy can assess AC status in real-time, which combines with ultra-short-term load forecasting to adjust future purchase planned values. The simulation results show that the strategy can realize a real-time load track with the power purchase plan while absorbing PV power generation with low action times and temperature changes, which improves the absorption of distributed PV power generation and reduces the assessment bias.

关键词： scheduling demand multienergy complementary system load forecasting distributed PV power generation power grids power purchase plan central air conditioning future purchase planned values air conditioning DFT temperature setting value power markets discrete Fourier transforms power market environment intelligent building group photovoltaic power systems central air-conditioning group central air-conditioning control strategy photovoltaic power generation transaction results direct control strategy building management systems real-time load track power engineering computing actual load discrete Fourier transform ultra-short-term load forecasting

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A METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY ASSESSING LOAD-TRANSFER COSTS IN SUBSTATION OPTIMIZATION STUDIES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1985年第10期104卷 2771-2778页

作者： WILLIS, HL POWELL, RW VISMOR, TD Advanced Systems Technology Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pittsburgh PA USA

Computerized substation siting and sizing methods utilize optimization to determine the best combination of substation sites and capacities for an expanding distribution system. An important part of the input data to such methods is the characteristics of the feeder system--its configuration, losses, and load capability. This paper describes a fast method of generating this information using dynamic programming, thereby simplifying the data requirements and setup for these programs. The method is described and the results of tests of its performance are given.

关键词： Cost function Substations Optimization methods Distributed computing power system planning Testing power distribution power engineering computing Dynamic programming Capacity planning

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