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A distributed control for accurate active-power sharing in islanded microgrids subject to clock drifts

IET power ELECTRONICS 2021年第3期14卷 518-530页

作者： Alfaro, Carlos Castilla, Miguel Camacho, Antonio Marti, Pau Velasco, Manel Tech Univ Catalonia Elect Engn Dept Vilanova I La Geltru Spain Tech Univ Catalonia Automat Control Dept Vilanova I La Geltru Spain Tech Univ Catalonia Automat Control Dept Barcelona Spain

Inverters-based islanded microgrids are operated by local digital signal processors, driven by their own local clocks. These local clocks have drifts affecting the clock signals which are used to control the inverters in real time. In this scenario, a steady-state deviation is observed in active power sharing, degrading the microgrid performance. This paper presents a new control scheme that improves the microgrid performance by cancelling the active power sharing error due to clock drifts. The study includes a theoretical stability analysis and a design procedure of the control parameters based on the dynamic characteristics. Finally, selected experimental results are obtained in a laboratory microgrid with four inverters. In this setup, each inverter was equipped with its digital signal processor with drifting local clock.

关键词： Signal processing and detection Distribution networks Stability in control theory Multivariable control systems Control of electric power systems Digital signal processing power engineering computing Control engineering computing Distributed power generation DC-AC power convertors (invertors)

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RAILWAY SIGNALING COMPATABILITY OF INVERTER FED INDUCTION-MOTOR DRIVES FOR RAPID-TRANSIT

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-B ELECTRIC power APPLICATIONS 1986年第2期133卷 71-84页

作者： TAUFIQ, JA GOODMAN, CJ MELLITT, B Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Inverter fed squirrel-cage induction motor drives for rapid-transit railway traction have recently received renewed interest as an alternative to chopper fed DC drives. Various schemes are either in prototype or revenue earning service. The results of a digital computer simulation study of various voltage source inverter configurations with particular attention to signalling interference is presented in the paper. Different pulse-width modulated schemes are considered and their relative merits assessed.

关键词： interference (signal) electric drives inverter fed induction motor drives electrical engineering computing power convertors and power supplies to apparatus power engineering computing Drives signalling interference rapid transit systems squirrel cage motors traction squirrel-cage induction motor drives digital computer simulation rapid-transit railway traction Transportation invertors pulse width modulation signalling (telecommunication networks) voltage source inverter digital simulation

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ESTIMATION OF LOSS OF LIFE OF power TRANSFORMERS SUPPLYING NONLINEAR LOADS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1985年第3期104卷 628-636页

作者： EMANUEL, AE WANG, XM Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

This paper deals with the impact of nonsinusoidal currents and voltages on the losses of power transformers. Conventional methods for the determination of the hottest spot temperature are used to predict the loss of life of transformers supplying loads which inject nonsinusoidal currents. Derating curves are explained and a practical example is presented.

关键词： Life estimation power transformers power supplies Temperature dependence Oil insulation power transformer insulation Equations power engineering and energy power engineering computing Frequency conversion

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A hybrid multi-level switching converter for ring-magnet power supplies

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1996年第3期43卷 1876-1883页

作者： Kumar, MRP Kim, JMS Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Victoria Univ. BC Canada Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada

Conventionally, Ring-Magnet power Supplies (RMPS) are designed using phase-controlled rectifiers or resonant networks with de-bias power supplies. These power supply configurations satisfy the steady-state performance criteria using large reactive components in addition to the magnet load. They have limited dynamic response, and often rely on corrector-magnet power supplies or other auxiliary power supply networks for the fast dynamic compensation required for output regulation and reference tracking. This paper proposes a Hybrid Multilevel Switching Converter as a RMPS which has fast dynamic response and meets the stringent output ripple content specifications. The proposed ring-magnet power supply also has the advantage of current waveshape programmability. The operating features of the hybrid multilevel switching converter has been described. The development of the RMPS with the hybrid multilevel switching converter as an unit has been explained. The current programmability of the proposed power supply configuration has been illustrated with computer simulations. Experimental results to substantiate the computer simulations are presented.

关键词： Switching converters power supplies Voltage Inverters Resonance Rectifiers Steady-state Computer simulation power engineering computing Design engineering

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Validation of a PMU-based fault location identification method for smart distribution network with photovoltaics using real-time data

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2018年第21期12卷 5824-5833页

作者： Usman, Muhammad Usama Faruque, Md. Omar Florida State Univ Elect & Comp Sci 2000 Levy Ave Tallahassee FL 32310 USA Florida State Univ Ctr Adv Power Syst 2000 Levy Ave Tallahassee FL 32310 USA

A fault location (FL) identification method for smart distribution network is presented and validated using a digital real-time simulator (DRTS). The method can accurately identify the FL in a distribution network in the presence of distributed generation (DG). This method is based on state estimation (SE) algorithm which uses real-time data from simulated phasor measurement units (PMUs), placed in the distribution network. SE needs the fault currents of the generators and voltage measurements of an optimal number of nodes to perform the FL algorithm. The method was validated using the IEEE 37 node test feeder with DGs. PMUs are placed on the real-time model of the system. The real-time model was implemented on a DRTS which streams phasor data over the Internet using C37.118 protocol. OpenPDC is used to collect real-time PMU data coming from the DRTS. Microsoft SQL is used as a database management server to store data coming from OpenPDC. In the last step of the FL process, data stored in OpenPDC is fed into a FL identification algorithm to locate the fault. Both balanced and unbalanced fault types are applied to different nodes and an accurate estimation of the FL (over 90% of the cases) is achieved.

关键词： power engineering computing smart power grids phasor measurement fault location SQL distributed power generation protocols distribution networks power system measurement DG PMUs real-time model DRTS streams phasor data OpenPDC real-time PMU data real-time simulator store data Matlab-based FL identification algorithm balanced fault types unbalanced fault types PMU-based fault location identification method smart distribution network real-time data distributed generation state estimation algorithm SE simulated phasor measurement units fault currents generators voltage measurements FL algorithm IEEE 37 node test feeder operating distribution grid

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Non-linear LS-SVM with RBF-kernel-based approach for AGC of multi-area energy systems

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2018年第14期12卷 3510-3517页

作者： Sharma, Gulshan Panwar, Akhilesh Nasiruddin, Ibraheem Bansal, Ramesh C. Nirma Univ Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Ahmadabad Gujarat India Qassim Univ Dept Elect Engn Coll Engn Buraydah Saudi Arabia Univ Pretoria Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn Pretoria South Africa

Support vector machine (SVM) is very efficacious in pattern recognition and function estimation problems. However, its application to design efficient automatic generation control (AGC) scheme has not been investigated till date by the researchers and power engineers worldwide. Hence, in this study an early attempt has been made to present a combined design of optimal control and optimisation problem of least-squares SVM (LS-SVM)-based AGC of multi-area energy systems. The radial basis function (RBF) kernel is used to train the LS-SVM. To validate the efficacy of the approach, the proposed control method is implemented on various 2-area system models such as non-reheat thermal, reheat thermal and hydro-thermal energy systems. The trained LS-SVM RBF-kernel-based AGC is realised with 1% load perturbation in one of the control area and the obtained results are compared with multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network and the conventional integral based controller in order to show the supremacy of the proposed control design. Furthermore, the performance of the AGC design is examined considering the system non-linearities such as governor dead-band and generation rate constraint.

关键词： automatic gain control control engineering computing control system synthesis hybrid power systems hydrothermal power systems learning (artificial intelligence) least squares approximations optimal control optimisation power engineering computing power generation control radial basis function networks support vector machines

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A FRAMEWORK FOR TASK COOPERATION WITHIN SYSTEMS CONTAINING INTELLIGENT COMPONENTS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS 1986年第6期16卷 788-793页

作者： SCHWARTZ, JP KULLBACK, JH SHRIER, S Grumman CTEC Inc. McLean VA USA

The increased power and speed of computers, coupled with the potential application of artificial intelligence within command and control (C2) systems, has complicated decisions regarding allocation of tasks to humans and computers. A new approach to addressing human-computer interaction issues-dubbed "cognitive systems engineering"-can be used as the basis for designing human-computer cooperation into C2 systems. Fusion, a specific aspect of C2 systems, is selected as a testbed for developing C2 cognitive engineering principles. The principles are developed by examining the relationship between how unaided human judges perform fusion and how systems currently perform fusion, assessing where problems do and could occur, and recommending first steps toward their solution via cooperative human-computer interaction. The issue of C2 data relevance determination appears to be a particularly appropriate candidate for joint human-computer problem solving.

关键词： Intelligent systems Artificial intelligence power engineering computing Command and control systems Humans Application software Design engineering power engineering and energy Systems engineering and theory System testing

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Economic emission dispatch of hydro-thermal-wind using CMQLSPSN technique

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IET RENEWABLE power GENERATION 2020年第14期14卷 2680-2692页

作者： Robert, Leena Rose Ravi Singh, Lal Raja Singh Sree Sakthi Engn Coll Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India KIT Kalaignarkarunanidhi Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

This study presents a multi-objective based on a hybrid methodology to apply the problem of economic emission dispatch that is incorporated with hydro, thermal and wind power units. The hybrid method is the combination of both the modified quantum-behaviour lightning search algorithm (MQLSA) and artificial intelligence technique with the help of PSNN. To determine the optimal amounts of the generated powers from the thermal, wind farms and hydro units, the proposed approach is introduced by minimising the cost of generation and the emission level simultaneously. MQLSA is utilised to generate the optimal combination of thermal power with the objective of the minimum error function to minimise the fuel and emission cost of the system with wind speed factor. To capture the optimised wind power with the objective of minimum speed factor, the PSO-artificial neural network technique is utilised. The algorithm is integrated with the feasible solution constraint handling techniques. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the six and ten generating thermal system with wind power is studied. The proposed hybrid technique is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platform and the simulation result demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method compared to the various existing techniques.

关键词： power generation economics artificial intelligence power generation dispatch wind power plants neural nets particle swarm optimisation hydroelectric generators thermal power stations power engineering computing emission level MQLSA thermal power units minimum error function emission cost wind speed factor optimised wind power PSO-artificial neural network technique thermal system hybrid technique economic emission dispatch hydro-thermal-wind CMQLSPSN technique hybrid methodology artificial intelligence technique particle swarm optimisation technique generated powers thermal wind farms hydro power units modified quantum-behaviour lightning search algorithm wind power units MATLAB-Simulink platform

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FORMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF A RULE-BASED SHORT-TERM LOAD FORECASTING ALGORITHM

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1990年第5期78卷 805-816页

作者： RAHMAN, S Dept of Electr. Eng. Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ. Blacksburg VA

The formulation of rules for the rule base and the application of such rules are discussed. The classification of the load forecast parameters into weather-sensitive and nonweather-sensitive categories is described. The rationale underlying the development of rules for both the one-day and seven-day forecast is presented. This exercise leads to the identification and estimation of parameters relating load, weather variables, day types, and seasons. Sample rules that are the product of identifiable statistical relationships and expert knowledge are examined. A self-learning process is described which shows how rules governing the electric utility load can be updated. Results from both the one-day and seven-day forecast algorithms are presented, where the seven-day forecast is generated using both accurate and predicted weather information. The monthly average load forecast errors range between 2.97% and 10.71% for the seven-day forecasts. For the one-day forecasts, the average seasonal errors range between 1.03% and 1.53%

关键词： average load forecast errors average seasonal errors day types direct load control electric utility load expert knowledge identification knowledge based systems learning systems load forecasting nonweather sensitive category one-day forecasts parameter estimation power engineering computing predicted weather information rule base seasons self-learning process seven-day forecast short-term load forecasting algorithm statistical relationships weather variables

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ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER FOR STATIC REACTIVE-power COMPENSATORS IN power-SYSTEMS

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-C GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 1987年第3期134卷 256-264页

作者： DASH, PK PANDA, PC SHARAF, AM HILL, EF UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK DEPT ELECT ENGNFREDERICTON E3B 5A3NBCANADA

The paper presents a comparison of the admittance models for static reactive-power compensators along with a microcomputer-based digital model for power-system dynamic-performance improvement. Emphasis is placed on stability, and it is shown that static reactive-power (VAr) controllers (SVCs) can provide significant benefits in terms of increased transient stability limits and improved damping in terms of synchronising power-flow oscillations. Further introduction of a simplified self tuner for the SVC can dramatically increase the power-system performance under a variety of abnormal operating conditions, such as 3-phase short circuits, load shedding, reactance switching, pole slipping and resynchronisation conditions. The self-tuning digital control for the SVC can be easily implemented on a microcomputer. Simulation results for a sample power system using an LSI-11/23 microcomputer are presented in the paper.

关键词： microcomputer-based digital model electric admittance reactance switching power engineering computing dynamic-performance improvement admittance models power systems power system computer control synchronising power-flow oscillations resynchronisation conditions 3-phase short circuits self tuner Control of electric power systems static reactive-power compensators adaptive controller power system management, operation and economics stability LSI-11/23 microcomputer Control engineering computing pole slipping compensation damping reactive power load shedding digital simulation adaptive control

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