检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

pre-programming in overhand throwing of children with Down syndrome: role of the generalized motor program

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021年第3期67卷 229-235页

作者： Noghondar, Narges Vali Sohrabi, Mehdi Taheri, Hamid Reza Kobravi, Hamid Reza Khodashenas, Ezzat Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad Dept Sport Sci Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Islamic Azad Univ Mashhad Fac Elect Engn Dept Biomed Engn Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Dept Pediat Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran

Objective: It is unclear whether slowness and higher reaction time of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are because of inability to pre-program and using the generalized motor program (GMP) or not. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of relative timing as a fixed feature of a GMP in overhand throwing with changing the distance to target as a varied feature. Methods: Fifteen individuals with DS (age = 13 +/- 2 y) and a control group of 12 individuals without intellectual disability (ID;age = 13 +/- 2 y) were asked to throw a tennis ball to a fixed target from three distances of 2, 2.75, and 3.25 m, respectively. Instant of occurrence of the following discrete variables was recorded by motion analysis: initiation of elbow extension, maximum shoulder angular velocity, maximum elbow angular velocity, and maximum resultant hand velocity. Results: Results of two-way analysis of variance test did not show any significant difference in any of the relative kinematic variables in distances and groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that individuals with DS are able to motor preprogram and they use a GMP to overhand throwing from different distances as well as those without ID. Also, slowness and reaction time are unrelated to pre-programming and GMP as it relates to overhand throwing.

关键词： Relative timing central nervous system Down syndrome throwing pre-programming

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

RESET Distribution Improvement of Phase Change Memory: The Impact of pre-programming

IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS

引用

IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS 2014年第5期35卷 536-538页

作者： Wang, Yuchan Chen, Xiaogang Cheng, Yan Zhou, Xilin Lv, Shilong Chen, Yifeng Wang, Yueqing Zhou, Mi Chen, Houpeng Zhang, Yiyun Song, Zhitang Feng, Gaoming Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat & Nanotechnol La Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Semicond Mfg Int Corp Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China

Some nonvolatile phase change memory (PCM) cells with 80-nm heating electrodes are found very difficult to RESET at 3 mA, which directly affects the RESET distribution of the PCM. The large crystal grains with hexagonal structure in the active phase change area, discovered by transmission electron microscope, are the major reason. One preprogramming testing method is introduced, and the resistance distributions of the PCM cells before and after preprogramming are presented. Results show that the large hexagonal crystal grains have been eliminated, thus the resistance distributions have been greatly improved after preprogramming.

关键词： Phase change memory (PCM) RESET resistance distribution pre-programming

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neurophysiological evidence of how quiet eye supports motor performance

引用

COGNITIVE PROCESSING 2021年第4期22卷 641-648页

作者： Xu, Shanshan Sun, Guoxiao Wilson, Mark R. Shandong Univ Sch Phys Educ 17922 Jingshi Rd Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Univ Exeter Coll Life & Environm Sci Exeter Devon England

Prolonged quiet eye (QE) duration is associated with greater performance in various types of targeting and interceptive tasks. However, the mechanism by which QE affects performance remains debatable. This study aimed to test the validity of the pre-programming and online control hypotheses using electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG) and electroencephalography (EEG) during a golf putting task. Twenty-one college students were recruited for this study. Each participant performed 100 golf putting trials during which the putting performance, EMG, EOG, and EEG signals were recorded. The QE duration including the pre- and post-movement initiation components, and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were analyzed off-line. We found that successful putts were associated with longer QEtotal (the total QE duration from QE onset to QE offset), QEpre (QE occurring before movement initiation), and QEpost (QE occurring after movement initiation) durations than failed putts. Greater cortical activation in the MRCPs was observed within the prefrontal, premotor, and parietal cortices during successful putts compared with failed putts. These findings suggest that QE serves both pre-programming and online control roles in supporting golf putting performance.

关键词： Quiet eye pre-programming Online control Movement-related cortical potentials Golf putting

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Examining the response programming function of the Quiet Eye: Do tougher shots need a quieter eye?

引用

COGNITIVE PROCESSING 2018年第1期19卷 47-52页

作者： Walters-Symons, Rosanna Wilson, Mark Klostermann, Andre Vine, Samuel Univ Exeter Exeter Devon England Univ Bern Bern Switzerland

Support for the proposition that the Quiet Eye (QE) duration reflects a period of response programming (including task parameterisation) has come from research showing that an increase in task difficulty is associated with increases in QE duration. Here, we build on previous research by manipulating three elements of task difficulty that correspond with different parameters of golf-putting performance;force production, impact quality and target line. Longer QE durations were found for more complex iterations of the task and furthermore, more sensitive analyses of the QE duration suggest that the early QE proportion (prior to movement initiation) is closely related to force production and impact quality. However, these increases in QE do not seem functional in terms of supporting improved performance. Further research is needed to explore QE's relationship with performance under conditions of increased difficulty.

关键词： Quiet Eye pre-programming Online control Task difficulty Golf putting

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

C in CS1: Snags and Viable Solution

引用

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2018年第1期37卷 1-14页

作者： Naveed, Shumail Sarim, Muhammad Nadeem, Adnan Fed Urdu Univ Arts Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Karachi Pakistan

programming is one of the career rewarding skills;however, learning programming skill is extremely hard and arduous as supported by several studies. The first programming language has an everlasting impact on the programmer's program's development abilities. In most of the universities the imperative paradigm is used for introductory programming courses and generally C language is used as a base language of a first programming course. The C language is a leading programming language and extensively utilized for commercial applications. The majority of the programming languages are highly motivated from the C language, yet its intrinsic complexities and non-pedagogic origin evidently makes it hard and a complex choice for a first programming course. This paper proposed a rational and realizable solution that can make a C language a suitable choice for a first the course of programming.

关键词： Introductory programming Courses Doodles pre-programming Teaching Methodology Pair programming

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

An occlusion paradigm to assess the importance of the timing of the quiet eye fixation

引用

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE 2017年第1期17卷 85-92页

作者： Vine, Samuel J. Lee, Don Hyung Walters-Symons, Rosanna Wilson, Mark R. Univ Exeter Coll Life & Environm Sci Exeter EX1 2LU Devon England

The aim of the study was to explore the significance of the timing' of the quiet eye (QE), and the relative importance of late (online control) or early (pre-programming) visual information for accuracy. Twenty-seven skilled golfers completed a putting task using an occlusion paradigm with three conditions: early (prior to backswing), late (during putter stroke), and no (control) occlusion of vision. Performance, QE, and kinematic variables relating to the swing were measured. Results revealed that providing only early visual information (occluding late visual information) had a significant detrimental effect on performance and kinematic measures, compared to the control condition (no occlusion), despite QE durations being maintained. Conversely, providing only late visual information (occluding early visual information) was not significantly detrimental to performance or kinematics, with results similar to those in the control condition. These findings imply that the visual information extracted during movement execution - the late proportion of the QE - is critical when golf putting. The results challenge the predominant view that the QE serves only a pre-programming function. We propose that the different proportions of the QE (before and during movement) may serve different functions in supporting accuracy in golf putting.

关键词： On-line control pre-programming occlusion paradigm golf putting

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Reaction time effects due to imperative stimulus modality are absent when a startle elicits a pre-programmed action

引用

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 2011年第3期500卷 177-181页

作者： Carlsen, Anthony N. Lam, Melanie Y. Maslovat, Dana Chua, Romeo Univ Ottawa Sch Human Kinet Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Kinesiol Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

When an acoustic stimulus that is sufficiently intense to elicit a startle response is delivered in conjunction with the "go" signal in a simple reaction time (RT) task, RT is greatly reduced. It has been suggested that this effect is due to the startle interacting with voluntary response channels to directly trigger the preprogrammed action. Alternatively, it may be that the startling stimulus simply increases activation along the sensory and motor pathways allowing for faster stimulus-response processing. In the present study a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) was presented in addition to a visual or an auditory imperative stimulus (IS) in a simple RT task. Results showed that the pre-programmed response was initiated much faster when participants were startled. However, while differences in RT due to IS modality were observed in control trials, this difference was absent for startle trials. This result indicates that the SAS does not simply speed processing along the normal stimulus-response channels, but acts to release the pre-planned movement via a separate, faster neural pathway. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Startle Reaction time pre-programming Visual Auditory Pathways

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current status of the motor program: Revisited

引用

HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE 2009年第5期28卷 566-577页

作者： Summers, Jeffery J. Anson, J. Greg Univ Tasmania Sch Psychol Human Motor Control Lab Hobart Tas 7001 Australia Univ Otago Dept Phys Educ Dunedin New Zealand

The motor program is a concept that has had a major influence on theorizing in the field of motor control. However, there has been a lack of consensus as to what exactly is a motor program and its role in movement organization and execution. In 1994 Morris, Summers, Matyas, and lansek concluded from a review of the application of the motor program concept in the field of physical therapy that continued use of the term may impede progress in the field. In this paper we examine what has happened to the motor program concept in the thirteen years since the previous evaluation. The review indicates that although the term is still being used in different ways, the theoretical existence of a motor program appears to be generally accepted by researchers in experimental psychology, movement science, and neurophysiology. The recent development of powerful brain imaging techniques may allow determination of whether the motor program should be regarded as a metaphorical or literal concept. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motor program pre-programming Internal representation Hierarchical organization Neural mechanisms Motor engram

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chromosomal telomere attrition as a mechanism for the increased risk of epithelial cancers and senescent phenotypes in type 2 diabetes

引用

DIABETOLOGIA 2006年第8期49卷 1726-1731页

作者： Sampson, M. J. Hughes, D. A. Univ E Anglia Sch Med Hlth Policy & Practice Norwich NR4 7UA Norfolk England Inst Food Res Norwich Norfolk England

Telomeres are the repeat DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes necessary for successful DNA replication and chromosomal integrity. Telomeres shorten at cell division at a rate determined by oxidative DNA damage, and cells are triggered into replicative senescence once telomeres shorten to a critical length. Telomere-related chromosomal maintenance also has a role in carcinogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by increased oxidative stress, increased oxidative DNA damage, senescent retinal and renal phenotypes, and an increased risk of epithelial malignancy. We suggest that increased oxidative DNA damage and telomere attrition in type 2 diabetes leads to: (1) carcinogenic telomere-dependent chromosomal non-reciprocal translocations, genomic instability, and the development of epithelial cancers;(2) senescent retinal and renal phenotypes (expressed as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy);and (3) senescent vascular endothelial, monocyte-macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cells (expressed as endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherogenesis). An adverse intrauterine environment leads to increased feto-placental oxidative stress and feto-placental oxidative DNA damage. We also suggest that intrauterine oxidative DNA damage and telomere shortening is another point at which increased oxidative stress could contribute to a pre-programmed increased risk of senescent phenotypes in adult offspring, characterised by type 2 diabetes and epithelial malignancy. These suggestions can be used to understand early glucose intolerance in the young children of type 1 diabetes pregnancies, poor cancer outcomes in type 2 diabetes, beta cell fatigue in type 2 diabetes and the absence of increased epithelial cancer risk in type 1 diabetes. Telomeres are the repeat DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes necessary for successful DNA replication and chromosomal integrity. Telomeres shorten at cell division at a rate determined by oxidative DNA damage, and cells are triggered in

关键词： atherosclerosis cancer DNA oxidative stress pre-programming senescence telomere type 2 diabetes

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：