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On the Information Theoretic Performance Comparison of Causal video coding and predictive video coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2014年第3期60卷 1428-1446页

作者： Yang, En-Hui Zheng, Lin He, Da-Ke Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada BlackBerry Waterloo ON N2L 5S8 Canada

Causal video coding is a coding paradigm where video source frames X-1, X-2,..., X-N are encoded in a frame-by- frame manner, the encoder for each frame can use all previous source frames and all previous encoded frames, and the corresponding decoder can use only all previous encoded frames. In the special case where the encoder for each frame X-k is further restricted to enlist help only from all previous encoded frames, causal video coding is reduced to predictive video coding, which all MPEG-series and H-series video coding standards proposed so far are based upon. In this paper, we compare the rate distortion performance of causal video coding with that of predictive video coding from an information theoretic perspective by modeling each frame Xk itself as a source X-k = {X-k(i)}(i = 1)(infinity).Let R-c(*) (D-1,..., D-N) (R-p(*)(D-1,..., D-N), respectively) denote the minimum total rate required to achieve a given distortion level D-1,..., D-N in causal video coding (predictive video coding, respectively). We first show that like R-c(*) (D-1,..., D-N), for jointly stationary and totally ergodic sources X-1, X-2,..., X-N, R-p(*)(D-1,..., D-N) is equal to the infimum of the nth order total rate distortion function Rp, n(D-1,..., D-N) over all n, where R-p(*), n(D-1,..., D-N) itself is given by the minimum of an information quantity over a set of auxiliary random variables. We then prove that if the jointly stationary and totally ergodic sources X-1,..., X-N form a (first-order) Markov chain, we have R-p(*)(D-1,..., D-N) = R-c(*) (D-1,..., D-N). However, this is not true in general if X-1,..., X-N do not form a (first-order) Markov chain. Specifically, we demonstrate that for independent and identically distributed vector source (X-1,..., X-N), if X-1,..., X-N do not form a (first-order) Markov chain, then under some conditions on source frames and distortion, R-c(*) (D-1,..., D-N) is strictly less than R-p(*)(D-1,..., D-N) in general. Our techniques allow us to c

关键词： Causal video coding iterative algorithm more and less coding theorem predictive video coding rate distortion theory stationary ergodic sources

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Statistical Reconstruction for predictive video coding

Statistical Reconstruction for Predictive Video Coding

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing Conference

作者： Brites, Catarina Gomes, Vitor Ascenso, Joao Pereira, Fernando Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomunicacoes Av Rovisco Pais P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961399

Substantial rate-distortion (RD) gains have been achieved in video coding standards by increasing the encoder complexity while maintaining the decoder complexity the lowest possible. On the other hand, the alternative distributed video coding (DVC) approach proposes to exploit the video redundancy mostly at the decoder side, keeping the encoder as simple as possible. One of the most characteristic DVC tools is the statistical reconstruction of the DCT coefficients, which plays a similar role to the inverse scalar quantization (ISQ) in predictive codecs. The main objective of this paper is to propose a statistical reconstruction approach for predictive coding (notably the H.264/AVC standard) as a substitute to ISQ, thus creating a coding architecture with a mix of predictive and distributed coding tools. Experimental results show that the proposed statistical reconstruction solution allows achieving Bjontegaard bitrate savings up to 2.4% regarding the ISQ based H.264/AVC High profile codec.

关键词： H.264/AVC predictive video coding distributed video coding inverse scalar quantization statistical reconstruction

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IMPROVING predictive video coding PERFORMANCE WITH DECODER SIDE INFORMATION

IMPROVING PREDICTIVE VIDEO CODING PERFORMANCE WITH DECODER S...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： HoangVan, Xiem Ascenso, Joao Pereira, Fernando Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Engn Lisboa Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781467325332;9781467325349

Although major achievements have been reached in terms of video compression efficiency, additional gains are still needed to satisfy current and emerging applications needs. This trend justifies the continuous efforts to go beyond the compression capabilities of the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC standard. This paper proposes to further bridge two video coding approaches, the popular predictive and the emerging distributed coding paradigms, by proposing a novel bidirectional (B) coding process to be integrated in the H.264/AVC codec, inspired by the side information creation module, central in distributed video coding. The novel B-slice coding process builds on a new reference frame, the side information frame, which is both created at the encoder and decoder, as the SI creation method does not need the original to be available. The experimental results for the novel coding solution show average bitrate savings of 5.89% both for the low and high bitrate regions.

关键词： predictive video coding decoder side information B frames coding side information interpolation

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Adaptive Scalable video coding: An HEVC-Based Framework Combining the predictive and Distributed Paradigms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2017年第8期27卷 1761-1776页

作者： HoangVan, Xiem Ascenso, Joao Pereira, Fernando Vietnam Natl Univ Fac Elect & Telecommun Univ Engn & Technol Hanoi 10000 Vietnam Inst Super Tecn Multimedia Signal Proc Grp P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Inst Telecomunicacoes P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Tecn Elect & Comp Engn Dept P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

The emerging scalable High Efficiency video coding (SHVC) video coding standard provides an efficient solution for transmission of video over heterogeneous and time dynamic networks, terminals, and usage environments. The encoding complexity and the error sensitivity associated with the efficient HEVC coding tools adopted in SHVC make this scalable codec less attractive to some emerging applications such as video surveillance, visual sensor network, and remote space transmission where these requirements are critical. To address the requirements of these application scenarios including scalability, this paper proposes a novel HEVC-based framework offering quality scalability on top of an HEVC compliant base layer while appropriately combining the predictive and distributed coding paradigms. To achieve the best enhancement layer compression efficiency, two novel coding tools are proposed, notably a machine learning-based side information creation mechanism and an adaptive correlation modeling process. The experimental results reveal that the rate-distortion performance of the proposed distributed scalable video coding-HEVC solution outperforms the relevant alternative coding solutions, notably by up to 52.9% and 23.7% BD-rate gains regarding the HEVC-Simulcast and SHVC standard solutions, respectively, for an equivalent prediction configuration, while achieving a lower encoding complexity.

关键词： Correlation modeling (CM) distributed video coding (DVC) High Efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard predictive video coding quality scalability scalable HEVC (SHVC) standard scalable video coding (SVC) side information (SI) creation

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Rate Distortion Theory for Causal video coding: Characterization, Computation Algorithm, and Comparison

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2011年第8期57卷 5258-5280页

作者： Yang, En-Hui Zheng, Lin He, Da-Ke Zhang, Zhen Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Res Mot SlipStream Waterloo ON N2L 5Z5 Canada Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Elect Engn Syst Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

Causal video coding is considered from an information theoretic point of view, where video source frames X-1, X-2, ..., X-N are encoded in a frame by frame manner, the encoder for each frame X-k can use all previous frames and all previous encoded frames while the corresponding decoder can use only all previous encoded frames, and each frame X-k itself is modeled as a source X-k = {X-k(i)}(i=1)(infinity). A novel computation approach is proposed to analytically characterize, numerically compute, and compare the minimum total rate of causal video coding R-c*(D-1, ..., D-N) required to achieve a given distortion (quality) level D-1, ..., D-N > 0. Among many other things, the computation approach includes an iterative algorithm with global convergence for computing R-c*(D-1, ..., D-N). The global convergence of the algorithm further enables us to demonstrate a somewhat surprising result (dubbed the more and less coding theorem)-under some conditions on source frames and distortion, the more frames need to be encoded and transmitted, the less amount of data after encoding has to be actually sent. With the help of the algorithm, it is also shown by example that R-c*(D-1, ..., D-N) is in general much smaller than the total rate offered by the traditional greedy coding method. As a by-product, an extended Markov lemma is established for correlated ergodic sources.

关键词： Causal video coding extended Markov lemma iterative algorithm multi-user information theory predictive video coding rate distortion characterization and computation rate distortion theory stationary ergodic sources

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Using inter-frame dependence history to select intra-refresh blocks

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2002年第22期38卷 1337-1338页

作者： Zhao, C Ngan, KN Zhang, J Mathew, R Zhang, X Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Motorola Australia Res Ctr Botany NSW 2019 Australia

To prevent error propagation in predictive video coding, intra-refresh methods are often employed. Here, a new algorithm for macroblock intra-refresh that is based on pixel level inter-frame dependence history is proposed. This new method keeps track of the coding mode of every pixel and refreshes those macroblocks that contain pixels with a long history record. Simulation results show that the new algorithm performs better than the existing methods while maintaining the same bit rate.

关键词： intra-refresh blocks selection macroblock intra-refresh Image and video coding inter-frame dependence history error propagation problem video signal processing H.263 video coding MPEG-4 predictive video coding

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Analysis for video coding: Moving it from the encoder to the decoder

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5th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition

作者： Pereira, Fernando Univ Tecn Lisboa Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecommun P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783540698111

video coding has a major importance in modem multimedia communications, applications and products as it is a core technology for their technical and economical deployment with success. This paper presents and compares the conventional, encoder prediction based video coding paradigm versus the novel, decoder estimation based video coding paradigm, especially from a video analysis for coding perspective. Besides the basic concepts and tools, the novel benefits, problems and challenges will be compared and discussed in the context of the most popular Wyner-Ziv video coding architecture.

关键词： video coding analysis for coding predictive video coding distributed video coding

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Heuristic dynamic complexity coding

Heuristic dynamic complexity coding

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Conference on Optical and Digital Image Processing

作者： Skorupa, Jozef Slowack, Juergen Mys, Stefaan Lambert, Peter Van de Walle, Rik Univ Ghent IBBT Dept Elect & Informat Syst Multimedia Lab B-9000 Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471987

Distributed video coding is a new video coding paradigm that shifts the computational intensive motion estimation from encoder to decoder. This results in a lightweight encoder and a complex decoder, as opposed to the predictive video coding scheme (e.g., MPEG-X and H.26X) with a complex encoder and a lightweight decoder. Both schemas, however, do not have the ability to adapt to varying complexity constraints imposed by encoder and decoder, which is an essential ability for applications targeting a wide range of devices with different complexity constraints or applications with temporary variable complexity constraints. Moreover, the effect of complexity adaptation on the overall compression performance is of great importance and has not yet been investigated. To address this need, we have developed a video coding system with the possibility to adapt itself to complexity constraints by dynamically sharing the motion estimation computations between both components. On this system we have studied the effect of the complexity distribution on the compression performance.

关键词： computational complexity distributive video coding dynamic complexity coding hybrid video coding predictive video coding Wyner-Ziv coding

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Rate Distortion Theory for Causal video coding: Characterization, Computation Algorithm, Comparison, and Code Design

Rate Distortion Theory for Causal Video Coding: Characteriza...

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作者： Zheng, Lin University of Waterloo

学位级别：master

Due to the sheer volume of data involved, video coding is an important application of lossy source coding, and has received wide industrial interest and support as evidenced by the development and success of a series of video coding standards. All MPEG-series and H-series video coding standards proposed so far are based upon a video coding paradigm called predictive video coding, where video source frames X?,i=1,2,...,N, are encoded in a frame by frame manner, the encoder and decoder for each frame X?, i =1, 2, ..., N, enlist help only from all previous encoded frames Sj, j=1, 2, ..., *** this thesis, we will look further beyond all existing and proposed video coding standards, and introduce a new coding paradigm called causal video coding, in which the encoder for each frame X? can use all previous original frames Xj, j=1, 2, ..., i-1, and all previousencoded frames Sj, while the corresponding decoder can use only allprevious encoded frames. We consider all studies, comparisons, and designs on causal video codingfrom an information theoreticpoint of view. Let R*c(D?,...,D_N) (R*p(D?,...,D_N), respectively) denote the minimum total rate required to achieve a given distortion level D?,...,D_N > 0 in causal video coding (predictive video coding, respectively). A novel computationapproach is proposed to analytically characterize, numerically compute, and compare the minimum total rate of causal video coding R*c(D?,...,D_N) required to achieve a given distortion (quality) level D?,...,D_N > ***, we first show that for jointly stationary and ergodicsources X?, ..., X_N, R*c(D?,...,D_N) is equalto the infimum of the n-th order total rate distortion functionR_{c,n}(D?,...,D_N) over all n, whereR_{c,n}(D?,...,D_N) itself is given by the minimum of aninformation quantity over a set of auxiliary random variables. Wethen present an iterative algorithm for computingR_{c,n}(D?,...,D_N) and demonstrate the convergence of thealgorithm to the global minimum. The gl

关键词： causal video coding iterative algorithm multi-user information theory predictive video coding rate distortion theory more and less coding theorem

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