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Research Perspectives: The Anatomy of a Design Principle

JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2020年第6期21卷 1622-1652页

作者： Gregor, Shirley Kruse, Leona Chandra Seidel, Stefan Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT Australia Univ Liechtentsein Informat Syst & Innovat Vaduz Liechtenstein Univ Liechtentsein Informat Syst & Innovat Inst Informat Syst Vaduz Liechtenstein

This essay derives a schema for specifying design principles for information technology-based artifacts in sociotechnical systems. Design principles are used to specify design knowledge in an accessible form, but there is wide variation and lack of precision across views regarding their formulation. This variation is a sign of important issues that should be addressed, including a lack of attention to human actors and levels of complexity as well as differing views on causality, on the nature of the mechanisms used to achieve goals, and on the need for justificatory knowledge. The new schema includes the well-recognized elements of design principles, including goals in a specific context and the mechanisms to achieve the goal. In addition, the schema allows: (1) consideration of the varying roles of the human actors involved and the utility of design principles, (2) attending to the complexity of IT-based artifacts through decomposition, (3) distinction of the types of causation (i.e., deterministic versus probabilistic), (4) a variety of mechanisms in achieving aims, and (5) the optional definition of justificatory knowledge underlying the design principles. We illustrate the utility of the proposed schema by applying it to examples of published research.

关键词： Design Principle Design Science Research Design Theory prescriptive knowledge

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knowledge Management Guided by Economic Valuation Models

Knowledge Management Guided by Economic Valuation Models

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology

作者： Sutton, Stewart A. Betser, Joseph Aerosp Corp El Segundo CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769536378

We examine Space Mission knowledge Management (KM), where enterprise knowledge is created by knowledge workers within communities of practice (CoP) and other contributors. We consider the increasing impact of Social Software (SSW) on a modern KM enterprise and regard the difficulty in harmonizing the SSW benefits to the space-missions enterprise via Web 2.0 and other technologies in conjunction with associated organizational change initiatives. The notion of knowledge tightness is presented, and knowledge markets are compared with capital markets. It is argued that knowledge should be prescriptive, collective, and tight in order to accommodate effective KM. A review of KM activities within The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) is provided to illustrate KM applications for National Security Space (NSS).

关键词： Space Missions Social Software (SSW) knowledge Management (KM) Enterprise Performance knowledge Economics knowledge Aggregation prescriptive knowledge knowledge Tightness Community of Practice (CoP)

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Leveraging Machine-Executable Descriptive knowledge in Design Science Research - The Case of Designing Socially-Adaptive Chatbots 14th

Leveraging Machine-Executable Descriptive Knowledge in Desig...

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14th International Conference on Designing for a Digital and Globalized World (DESRIST)

作者： Feine, Jasper Morana, Stefan Maedche, Alexander Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT Inst Informat Syst & Mkt IISM Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030195038;9783030195045

In Design Science Research (DSR) it is important to build on descriptive (Omega) and prescriptive (Lambda) state-of-the-art knowledge in order to provide a solid grounding. However, existing knowledge is typically made available via scientific publications. This leads to two challenges: first, scholars have to manually extract relevant knowledge pieces from the data-wise unstructured textual nature of scientific publications. Second, different research results can interact and exclude each other, which makes an aggregation, combination, and application of extracted knowledge pieces quite complex. In this paper, we present how we addressed both issues in a DSR project that focuses on the design of socially-adaptive chatbots. Therefore, we outline a twostep approach to transform phenomena and relationships described in the Omega-knowledge base in a machine-executable form using ontologies and a knowledge base. Following this new approach, we can design a system that is able to aggregate and combine existing Omega-knowledge in the field of chatbots. Hence, our work contributes to DSR methodology by suggesting a new approach for theory-guided DSR projects that facilitates the application and sharing of state-of-the-art Omega-knowledge.

关键词： Design science research Descriptive knowledge prescriptive knowledge Ontology Chatbot Conversational agent

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Mapping Design Contributions in Information Systems Research: The Design Research Activity Framework

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2021年 49卷 355-378页

作者： Maedche, Alexander Gregor, Shirley Parsons, Jeffrey Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT Informat Syst Karlsruhe Germany Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT Australia Mem Univ Newfoundland Fac Business Adm Informat Syst St John NL Canada

Despite growing interest in design science research in information systems, our understanding about what constitutes a design contribution and the range of research activities that can produce design contributions remains limited. We propose the design research activity (DRA) framework for classifying design contributions based on the type of statements researchers use to express knowledge contributions and the researcher role with respect to the artifact. These dimensions combine to produce a DRA framework that contains four quadrants: construction, manipulation, deployment, and elucidation. We use the framework in two ways. First, we classify design contributions that the Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS) published from 2007 to 2019 and show that the journal published a broad range of design research across all four quadrants. Second, we show how one can use our framework to analyze the maturity of design-oriented knowledge in a specific field as reflected in the degree of activity across the different quadrants. The DRA framework contributes by showing that design research encompasses both design science research and design-oriented behavioral research. The framework can help authors and reviewers assess research with design implications and help researchers position and understand design research as a journey through the four quadrants.

关键词： Design knowledge Classification Mapping IT Artifact Design Science Research prescriptive knowledge Descriptive knowledge

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The tacit knowledge of entrepreneurial design: Interrelating theory, practice and prescription in entrepreneurship research

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Journal of Business Venturing Insights 2019年 11卷

作者： Selden, Paul D. Fletcher, Denise E. University of Luxembourg 162a Avenue Faiencerie L-1511 Luxembourg

An important challenge facing entrepreneurship researchers is the “three-body” knowledge problem of how to use “theoretical knowledge” to produce “prescriptive knowledge” that communicates the “practical knowledge” of situated practice to students and practitioners of entrepreneurship. We argue that a contribution can be made to solving this problem by theorizing practical knowledge as the “know-how” to do a situated entrepreneurial practice. “Know-how” is a cognitive “capacity to act” that prescribes for a practitioner how to produce a type of outcome in a range of circumstances. This “know-how” can potentially, therefore, be reconstructed theoretically as explicit micro-prescriptive guidelines for third-party practice. To exploit this connection between practical knowledge and prescriptive knowledge, however, we first need to overcome the problem that “know-how” is largely tacit in the moment of real-time forward-looking practice. In other words, the practitioner is not directly aware of their tacit “know-how”, or “tacit knowledge”, at the time of practice. In this article, we explore the contribution design theory can make to empirically eliciting, and conceptually inferring, the real-time “tacit knowledge” of entrepreneurial practice as a precursor to producing micro-prescriptive knowledge. © 2019

关键词： Artifact Design Entrepreneurial practice prescriptive knowledge Problem space Tacit knowledge

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Why we need design science in entrepreneurship research an idiosyncratic perspective based on the experiences and learnings of an ex-practitioner in training to be an entrepreneurship scholar

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Journal of Business Venturing Insights 2023年 19卷

作者： Chan Timothy Hor, Shoon School of Business Faculty of Management Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia

For entrepreneurship research to be relevant and impactful, entrepreneurship scholars must start by understanding the problems faced by ***, problems are different from research *** scholars, where do we start, and how do find these problems? And how do we ensure that we do user-inspired research that advances both understanding and practical relevance? Based on my experience and learnings as an ex-practitioner in training to be an entrepreneurship scholar, who took on the Me-search approach in my research to solve a problem in digital entrepreneurship, this essay presents my humble experiences in framing a real-world problem in solution-oriented entrepreneurship *** that I have taken a path less traveled, unintentionally, starting with a problem rather than from a theory orientation, I present my informal reflections on why entrepreneurship scholars need to develop both descriptive and prescriptive knowledge. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Descriptive knowledge Design science Entrepreneurial problems prescriptive knowledge Solution-oriented research

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