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A Feasible Low-Cost System for Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Sit-to-Stand Movement

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2025年第4期147卷 041007页

作者： Wang, Daoyuan Tang, Yang Xu, Shengqian Wang, Yichong Yu, Jingtao Gu, Zenghui Ning, Gangmin Zhejiang Univ Dept Biomed Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Hosp Dept Rehabil Hangzhou 310013 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Hosp Dept Orthoped Hangzhou 310013 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a common activity essential for independence and mobility. Traditional methods for assessing STS often involve costly laboratory equipment, limiting their accessibility. This study introduced an economic alternative to the standard motion capture setup. The system presented in this study used an Azure Kinect and a plantar pressure sensor mat to acquire kinematic and kinetic data simultaneously during the STS. The Kinect provided noncontact motion capture, while the pressure sensor array measured ground reaction forces. To address the Kinect's inherent limitations in capturing extremity movements and the sensor array's inability to measure tangential forces, algorithms for the correction of lower limb joints and a multisource fusion model were developed. The accuracy of the proposed system was evaluated against a gold standard Vicon motion capture system. The results indicated that the system delivered estimates comparable to reference values for joint angles (r ranging from 0.85 to 0.99), antero-posterior and vertical ground reaction forces (r ranging from 0.81 to 0.98), joint reaction forces of knee and ankle (r ranging from 0.83 to 0.90), and joint moments of hip and ankle (r ranging from 0.77 to 0.82), suggesting that the proposed system can provide vital kinematic and kinetic data for efficient STS analysis. This study offered an accessible and practical solution for monitoring and assessing mobility in various settings.

关键词： Azure Kinect pressure sensor array reaction forces prediction

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Microstructured Liquid Metal-Based Embedded-Type sensor array for Curved pressure Mapping

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2024年第3期12卷 e2413233页

作者： Li, Haoyu Zhang, Chengjun Xu, Hongyu Yang, Qing Luo, Zexiang Li, Cheng Kai, Lin Meng, Yizhao Zhang, Jialiang Liang, Jie Chen, Feng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Photon Technol Informat Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Instrument Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Human hands can envelop the surface of an object and recognize its shape through touch. However, existing stretchable haptic sensors exhibit limited flexibility and stability to detect pressure during deformation, while also solely achieving recognition of planar objects. Inspired by the structure of skin tissue, an embedded construction-enabled liquid metal-based e-skin composed of a liquid metal microstructured electrode (LM-ME) array is fabricated for curved pressure mapping. The embedded LM-ME-based sensor elements are fabricated by using femtosecond laser-induced micro/nanostructures and water/hydrogel assisted patterning method, which enables high sensitivity (7.42 kPa-1 in the range of 0-0.1 kPa) and high stability through an interlinked support isolation structure for the sensor units. The sensor array with a high interfacial toughness of 1328 J m-2 can maintain pressure sensation under bending and stretching conditions. Additionally, the embedded construction and laser-induced bumps effectively reduce crosstalk from 58 to 7.8% compared to conventional flexible sensors with shared surfaces. The stretchable and mechanically stable sensor arrays possess shape-adaptability that enables pressure mapping on non-flat surfaces, which has great potential for object recognition in robotic skins and human-computer interaction.

关键词： bio-inspired structure femtosecond laser liquid metal objects recognition pressure sensor array

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Bending and Stretching-Insensitive, Crosstalk-Free, Flexible pressure sensor arrays for Human-Machine Interactions

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第5期9卷

作者： Yuan, Yangbo Xu, Hongcheng Zheng, Weihao Liu, Min Li, Sixin Yan, Junyu Wang, Daren Liu, Ke Zhang, Haiyan Chen, Gang Wang, Weidong Wu, Guirong Xue, Chenyang Cheng, Huanyu Gao, Libo Xidian Univ Sch Mechanoelect Engn Xian 710071 Peoples R China China Acad Space Technol Lanzhou Inst Phys Sci & Technol Mat Performance Evaluating Space Env Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Shandong Agr Machinery Sci Res Inst 19 Sangyuan Rd Jinan 250100 Shandong Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Pen Tung Sah Inst Micronano Sci & Technol Xiamen 361102 Peoples R China Innovat Lab Sci & Technol Energy Mat Fujian Prov I Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Penn State Univ Dept Engn Sci & Mech University Pk PA 16802 USA

Accurate data acquisition from flexible sensors placed on deformable 3D freeform surfaces is of critical importance for many applications, such as wearable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. However, the mechanical coupling between the sensor and the deformable subject surface to bending and stretching deformations can significantly reduce the accuracy of the acquired data. This study combines a polyimide (PI) micropore isolation layer (PIL) and serpentine electrodes with a flexible piezoresistive sensor to mitigate the issue of mechanical coupling. As a mechanical buffer to distribute the external pressure and reduce the strain concentration, the PIL can avoid the bending interference for bending curvature up to 256 m(-1), while maintaining a high sensitivity of S > 21.5 kPa(-1). The serpentine electrode design further allows the sensor to reliably acquire data in the presence of stretching up to 45% without cross-talk. The versatility of the developed sensor is demonstrated in several human-machine interaction scenarios, including gesture recognition and motion detection. The design strategies on materials and structures from this study can also be applied for the development of other flexible sensors with high sensitivity and low deformation interference to avoid the mechanical coupling between the sensor and the deformable surface.

关键词： bending and stretching-insensitive human-machine interaction micropore isolation layer pressure sensor array serpentine electrode

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Long-Term Sleep Assessment by Unobtrusive pressure sensor arrays 2018

Long-Term Sleep Assessment by Unobtrusive Pressure Sensor Ar...

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3rd International Conference on Biomedical Imaging, Signal Processing (ICBSP)

作者： Gilakjani, S. Soleimani Bouchard, M. Goubran, R. A. Knoefel, F. Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON Canada Dept Syst & Comp Engn Ottawa ON Canada Bruyere Continuing Care & Elisabeth Bruyere Res I Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450364775

Due to a globally aging population, there is a growing demand for smart home technology which can serve to monitor the health and safety of older adults. Sleep monitoring has emerged as a crucial element of this monitoring. While polysomnography (PSG) is an effective and accurate tool for sleep monitoring, it is obtrusive as the user must wear the instruments during the experiment. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in deploying unobtrusive sleep monitoring devices, specifically for long-term patient monitoring. This paper performs a comprehensive investigation on long-term sleep pattern changes by investigating bed occupancy, number of bed exits during day and breathing rate variability. Measurements were made using unobtrusive pressure sensitive sensor arrays on data captured from several participants collected in a long-term basis, which provided a large volume of data. Multiple algorithms are proposed that can be described as movement detection, sensor data fusion and bed occupancy detection. The methods developed in the paper and the related findings can be of interest for future clinical remote patient monitoring systems.

关键词： Long-Term sleep monitoring pressure sensor array unobtrusive sleep monitoring breathing rate measurement occupancy detection bed-occupancy monitoring

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Breathing signal fusion in pressure sensor arrays

Breathing signal fusion in pressure sensor arrays

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IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA 2008)

作者： Holtzman, M. Arcelus, A. Goubran, R. Knoefel, F. Carleton Univ Dept Syst & Comp Engn 1125 Colonel By Dr Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Elisabeth Bruyere Res Inst SCO Hlth Serv Ottawa ON Canada Univ Ottawa Fac Med Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419371

pressure sensors can be used to unobtrusively obtain breathing signals from a person in bed. Obtaining a single representation of the breathing signal from an array of such sensors requires data-level fusion. We propose a decision directed adaptive linear estimator to perform this fusion online. The proposed method was compared with three other online fusion methods and two offline methods using one hundred data records collected from five healthy participants. The decision directed adaptive linear estimator had signal to noise ratios comparable to the offline correlation method that it was adapted from and better mutual information results. In the presence of movement noise and for low amplitude signals, the proposed method also provides good fusion performance.

关键词： pressure sensor array intelligent sensors data fusion unobtrusive monitoring breathing signal

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Crosstalk-Free, High-Resolution pressure sensor arrays Enabled by High-Throughput Laser Manufacturing

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ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022年第21期34卷 e2200517页

作者： Li, Yihao Long, Junyu Chen, Yun Huang, Yan Zhao, Ni Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Electromech Engn State Key Lab Precis Elect Mfg Technol & Equipmen Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China

Simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low crosstalk interference has been a fundamental challenge for flexible pressure sensor arrays. Here the authors present a high-resolution flexible pressure sensor array fabricated through a two-step laser manufacturing process, where individual sensing pixels and their interconnects are sequentially defined by laser-induced graphenization and ablation to minimize crosstalk interferences. The geometry of the interconnects is optimized through theoretical modeling and experimental validation. Characterization results show that the new device design induces a remarkable reduction of the crosstalk coefficient, from -8.21 to -43.63 dB, of the 0.7 mm-resolution sensor arrays, and the crosstalk suppression is particularly beneficial for application scenarios involving pressure sensing on soft surfaces (e.g., human skin and organs). Applications of the sensor array in tactile pattern recognition and minimally-invasive cancer surgery are demonstrated.

关键词： crosstalk-free laser manufacturing pressure sensor array serpentine interconnect

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Two-dimensional van der Waals thin film transistors as active matrix for spatially resolved pressure sensing

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Nano Research 2021年第10期14卷 3395-3401页

作者： Chao Ma Dong Xu Peiqi Wang Zhaoyang Lin Jingyuan Zhou Chuancheng Jia Jin Huang Shengtao Li Yu Huang Xiangfeng Duan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

The development of pressure sensor arrays capable of distinguishing the shape and texture details of objects is of considerable interest in the emerging fields of smart robots,prostheses,human-machine interfaces,and artificial intelligence(AI).Here we report an integrated pressure sensor array,by combining solution-processed two-dimensional(2D)MoS2 van der Waals(vdW)thin film transistor(TFT)active matrix and conductive micropyramidal pressure-sensitive rubber(PSR)electrodes made of polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube composites,to achieve spatially revolved pressure mapping with excellent contrast and low power *** demonstrate a 10×10 active matrix by using the 2D MoS2 vdW-TFTs with high on-off ratio>10^(6),minimal hysteresis,and excellent device-to-device *** combination of the vdW-TFT active matrix with the highly uniform micropyramidal PSR electrodes creates an integrated pressure sensing array for spatially resolved pressure *** study demonstrates that the solution-processed 2D vdW-TFTs offer a solution for active-matrix control of pressure sensor arrays,and could be extended for other active-matrix arrays of electronic or optoelectronic devices.

关键词： pressure sensor array van der Waals thin film transistor two-dimensional material active matrix micropyramids

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Design and evaluation of a skin-like sensor with high stretchability for contact pressure measurement

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 2013年 204卷 114-121页

作者： Zhou, Debao Wang, Haopeng Univ Minnesota Dept Mech & Ind Engn Duluth MN 55812 USA Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Mech Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

This paper presents the development of a new type of skin-like tactile pressure sensor array. The sensor array is scalable, flexible and stretchable and can measure pressure up to 250 kPa within 30% stretching rate without damaging its mechanical structure. It can also conform to irregular three-dimensional surfaces. The sensor array consists of three layers. The top and bottom layers are formed by the array of parallel conductive strips made of silver nanowires (AgNWs) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films. The AgNWs/PDMS conductor strips are used as stretchable interconnections to transmit electrical signals. The middle layer is made of PDMS. This film is pre-molded with holes filling with cylinder-shaped conductive elastomer for pressure measurement. In this paper, the characteristic of the AgNWs/PDMS conductor strips as stretchable interconnections is studied. The piezoresistive properties of the sensels (one sensing element is called a sensel) were measured and discussed. The performance of the tactile sensor array under stretching was also tested. With the associated scanning power-supply circuit and data acquisition system, it is demonstrated that the system can successfully capture the tactile images induced by objects of different shapes. Such sensor system could be applied on curved or non-planar surfaces in robots or medical devices for force detection and feedback. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： pressure sensor array Skin-like High stretchability Cylinder-shaped sensing elements Silver nanowire interconnection

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Tow ship interference mitigation in shallow ocean using correlated mode decomposition technique

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2022年第8期16卷 1388-1402页

作者： Remadevi, M. Suneera, S. Sureshkumar, N. Rajesh, R. DRDO Naval Phys & Oceanog Lab NPOL Kochi Kerala India CUSAT Kochi Kerala India DRDO Naval Phys & Oceanog Lab NPOL Kochi Kerala India

Passive towed arrays assume great importance in shallow ocean surveillance, owing to their capability to detect long range underwater acoustic targets. The detection and classification performance is severely impacted by the tow ship interference manifestation in the pressure sensor array towed behind the ship. In this work, a robust tow ship multipath interference mitigation algorithm intended for shallow ocean operation is developed, based on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) technique, which in turn exploits the coherent structure of the multimode acoustic wave propagation inherent in the shallow ocean scenario. The proposed algorithm effectively identifies the coherent normal mode interference subspace and eliminates its components from the received array data vector. Further, this approach compliments the shallow ocean normal mode acoustic field propagation and ensures simultaneous mitigation of all the multipath generated interferences, making it a superior method to reduce the azimuth spread of the interference and tow ship spectral leakage into the panoramic detection beams. This greatly enhances the detection and classification capability of sonar, especially for distant stealthy targets. The efficacy of the algorithm is validated using Monte Carlo simulations and further ratified by experimental data captured during the field trials in the Arabian Sea.

关键词： pressure sensors long range underwater acoustic targets shallow ocean scenario panoramic detection beams robust tow ship multipath interference mitigation algorithm shallow ocean normal mode acoustic field propagation underwater acoustic communication dynamic mode decomposition technique simultaneous mitigation coherent structure sensor arrays coherent normal mode interference subspace classification capability multimode acoustic wave propagation tow ship interference manifestation received array data vector underwater acoustic propagation classification performance oceanographic techniques shallow ocean surveillance ship interference mitigation correlated mode decomposition technique shallow ocean operation underwater sound acoustic field sonar acoustic wave propagation Monte Carlo methods acoustic signal processing ship spectral leakage interference suppression pressure sensor array direction-of-arrival estimation array signal processing

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Smart Pillow Based on Flexible and Breathable Triboelectric Nanogenerator arrays for Head Movement Monitoring during Sleep

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022年第20期14卷 23998-24007页

作者： Kou, Haiying Wang, Haiming Cheng, Renwei Liao, Yanjun Shi, Xue Luo, Jianjun Li, Ding Wang, Zhong Lin Guangxi Univ Ctr Nanoenergy Res Sch Phys Sci & Technol Nanning 530004 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst Beijing Key Lab Micronano Energy & Sensor Beijing 101400 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Nanosci & Technol Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Georgia Inst Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Sleep quality plays an essential role in human health and has become an index for assessing physical health. Self-powered, sensitive, noninvasive, comfortable, and low-cost sleep monitoring sensors for monitoring sleep behavior are still in high demand. Here, a pressure-sensitive, noninvasive, and comfortable smart pillow is developed based on a flexible and breathable triboelectric nanogenerator (FB-TENG) sensor array, which can monitor head movement in real time during sleep. The FB-TENG is based on flexible and breathable porous poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) powder and exhibits pressure sensitivity and durability. The electrical output of the FB-TENG is further optimized by modifying the porous structure and the FEP powder. Combining the FB-TENG and the flexible printed circuit (FPC), a self-powered pressure sensor array is fabricated to realize touch sensing and motion track monitoring. The smart pillow is formed by laying the self-powered pressure sensor array on an ordinary pillow to realize real-time monitoring of the head position in a static state and head movement trajectory in a dynamic state during sleep. Additionally, the smart pillow also has an early warning function for falling out of bed. This work not only provides a viable sensing device for sleep monitoring but also could be extended to real-time monitoring of some diseases, such as brain diseases and cervical spondylosis, in the future. It is expected to introduce a practical strategy in the real-time mobile healthcare field for disease management.

关键词： sleep monitoring smart pillow triboelectric nanogenerator pressure sensor array head movement

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