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20th IEEE sensors Conference

作者： Yuan, Liangqi Li, Jia Oakland Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Rochester MI 48063 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195018

A smart cushion based on a pressure sensor array is designed and manufactured to recognize human sitting posture. The smart cushion collects pressure images for convolutional neural network training to recognize 5 human sitting postures. In a series of experiments, a total of 16,300 pressure images were collected by 5 subjects to perform recognition tasks. By collecting pressure images multiple times to optimize the time independence of the data set, and the accuracy achieved 0.978. While ensuring comfortness, this smart cushion takes into account both the high accuracy of sitting posture recognition and the development prospects of visualization applications.

关键词： smart cushion pressure sensor array sitting posture convolutional neural network

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Monitoring Driving Psychological Fatigue Through Unconstrained Heartbeat Signal Extraction by Using pressure sensor array

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 22193-22202页

作者： Sun Hongchang Zhang Zhijing Jin Xin Deng Sanpeng Jiang Yongxiang Zheng Zhongpeng Beijing Inst Technol Sch Mech Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Technol & Educ Inst Robot & Intelligent Equipment Tianjin 300090 Peoples R China

The feasibility of monitoring driving psychological fatigue through unconstrained heartbeat extraction by using pressure sensors array was investigated. The pressure signals were obtained by close contact between subject's back and backrest of car seat. Correlation coefficients of electrocardiogram signals and pressure signals were used to select the optimal monitoring point due to the unavoidable adjustment of sitting posture during long times of driving. Lifting wavelet transform was applied for de-noising. J-J interval signals, which represent heartbeat signals, were extracted. The correlation dimension of heartbeat signals, reflecting the complicated degree and the chaotic level of a nonlinear dynamic system, was used as the indicator to determine the psychological fatigue. Its validity was verified by the consistency of correlation dimension with R-R interval (represents cardiac cycle). Finally, questionnaires during driving were administered. The effectiveness of this method to judge driver psychological fatigue was confirmed. This finding indicates that driving psychological fatigue can be monitored through unconstrained heartbeat signal extraction by using the pressure sensor array.

关键词： pressure sensor array correlation coefficients heartbeat signals unconstrained heartbeat extraction correlation dimension

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A Novel Micro-pressure Graphene sensor array With Double-Layer Mesh Structure

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2022年第3期22卷 1964-1971页

作者： Zhao, Cheng Zhou, Jiacheng Yuan, Shuya Ren, Qingying Wang, Debo Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Elect & Opt Engn Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Microelect Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

In this work, a novel micro-pressure graphene sensor array with double-layer mesh structure is designed in order to effectively realize the multi-point measurement of micro-pressure. A 4 x 4 sensor array could form 16 pressure-sensing pixels with good multi-point measurement capability. The double-layer mesh graphene with interconnected porous microstructure is fabricated with a cheap and convenient laser direct writing (LDW) technique. Based on the excellent microstructure and the double-layer mesh structure, this graphene pressure sensor array demonstrates high sensitivity in the low-pressure range (0.339 kPa(-1), < 200 Pa), ultra-fast response time (< 30 ms), and prominent repeatability (>200 cycles), which meets the requirements of micro-pressure measurement. In addition, a full-automatic micro-pressure demodulation system equipped with human-computer interaction interface is designed to realize the two-dimensional shape recognition. Therefore, it could open broad applications in the fields of micro-pressure measurement, two-dimensional shape recognition and wearable electronic devices.

关键词： pressure sensor array double-layer mesh structure laser direct writing shape recognition

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Customizable pressure sensor array: Design and Evaluation

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2018年第15期18卷 6337-6344页

作者： Chen, Diliang Cai, Yi Huang, Ming-Chun Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Cleveland OH 44106 USA

pressure senor array is widely used in gait analysis and robotics. To meet the demand on different sizes and reduce the manufacture costs, in this paper, we proposed a design method for customizable pressure sensor array which could be trimmed into different sizes. The customizable pressure sensor array was made of piezo-resistive fabric and flexible circuits, which made it suitable for the sensor array to be trimmed into different sizes. pressure sensors were uniformly distributed to maintain the resolution of the pressure sensor array when trimmed into different sizes. Wires on the flexible circuits were designed to ensure that all the full/partial sensors remained on the sensor array could be used after trimming the sensor array into a smaller size. To evaluate the design method, we designed insole shaped customizable pressure sensor arrays to analyze gait parameters such as gait cycle and cadence. Spatial and temporal pressure distribution patterns acquired with trimmed and nont center dot immed sensor arrays were used for analyzing. Experiment results indicated that the customizable pressure sensor array designed with the method proposed in this paper could he used to acquire spatial and temporal pressure distribution patterns without being influenced by trimming.

关键词： pressure sensor array trim customizable wearable gait analysis

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A Flexible and Highly Sensitive Inductive pressure sensor array Based on Ferrite Films

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sensorS 2019年第10期19卷 2406.-2406.页

作者： Tang, Xinran Miao, Yihui Chen, Xinjian Nie, Baoqing Soochow Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China Soochow Univ State Key Lab Radiat Med & Protect Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China

There is a rapid growing demand for highly sensitive, easy adaptive and low-cost pressure sensing solutions in the fields of health monitoring, wearable electronics and home care. Here, we report a novel flexible inductive pressure sensor array with ultrahigh sensitivity and a simple construction, for large-area contact pressure measurements. In general, the device consists of three layers: a planar spiral inductor layer and ferrite film units attached on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane, which are separated by an array of elastic pillars. Importantly, by introducing the ferrite film with an excellent magnetic permeability, the effective permeability around the inductor is greatly influenced by the separation distance between the inductor and the ferrite film. As a result, the value of the inductance changes largely as the separation distance varies as an external load applies. Our device has achieved an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1.60 kPa(-1) with a resolution of 13.61 Pa in the pressure range of 0-0.18 kPa, which is comparable to the current state-of-the-art flexible pressure sensors. More remarkably, our device shows an outstanding stability when exposed to environmental interferences, e.g., electrical noises from skin surfaces (within 0.08% variations) and a constant pressure load for more than 32 h (within 0.3% variations). In addition, the device exhibits a fast response time of 111 ms and a good repeatability under cyclic pressures varying from 38.45 to 177.82 Pa. To demonstrate its practical usage, we have successfully developed a 4 x 4 inductive pressure sensor array into a wearable keyboard for a smart electronic calendar application.

关键词： flexible electronics inductive sensing pressure sensor array wearable device

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A Compressed Sensing Based Method for Reducing the Sampling Time of A High Resolution pressure sensor array System

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sensorS 2017年第8期17卷 1848-1848页

作者： Sun, Chenglu Li, Wei Chen, Wei Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Ctr Intelligent Med Elect Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Med Imaging Comp & Comp Assisted Shanghai 200000 Peoples R China

For extracting the pressure distribution image and respiratory waveform unobtrusively and comfortably, we proposed a smart mat which utilized a flexible pressure sensor array, printed electrodes and novel soft seven-layer structure to monitor those physiological information. However, in order to obtain high-resolution pressure distribution and more accurate respiratory waveform, it needs more time to acquire the pressure signal of all the pressure sensors embedded in the smart mat. In order to reduce the sampling time while keeping the same resolution and accuracy, a novel method based on compressed sensing (CS) theory was proposed. By utilizing the CS based method, 40% of the sampling time can be decreased by means of acquiring nearly one-third of original sampling points. Then several experiments were carried out to validate the performance of the CS based method. While less than one-third of original sampling points were measured, the correlation degree coefficient between reconstructed respiratory waveform and original waveform can achieve 0.9078, and the accuracy of the respiratory rate (RR) extracted from the reconstructed respiratory waveform can reach 95.54%. The experimental results demonstrated that the novel method can fit the high resolution smart mat system and be a viable option for reducing the sampling time of the pressure sensor array.

关键词： noninvasive monitoring respiratory rate monitoring pressure distribution imaging compressed sensing pressure sensor array

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Microstructured Liquid Metal-Based Embedded-Type sensor array for Curved pressure Mapping

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2024年第3期12卷 e2413233页

作者： Li, Haoyu Zhang, Chengjun Xu, Hongyu Yang, Qing Luo, Zexiang Li, Cheng Kai, Lin Meng, Yizhao Zhang, Jialiang Liang, Jie Chen, Feng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Photon Technol Informat Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Instrument Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Human hands can envelop the surface of an object and recognize its shape through touch. However, existing stretchable haptic sensors exhibit limited flexibility and stability to detect pressure during deformation, while also solely achieving recognition of planar objects. Inspired by the structure of skin tissue, an embedded construction-enabled liquid metal-based e-skin composed of a liquid metal microstructured electrode (LM-ME) array is fabricated for curved pressure mapping. The embedded LM-ME-based sensor elements are fabricated by using femtosecond laser-induced micro/nanostructures and water/hydrogel assisted patterning method, which enables high sensitivity (7.42 kPa-1 in the range of 0-0.1 kPa) and high stability through an interlinked support isolation structure for the sensor units. The sensor array with a high interfacial toughness of 1328 J m-2 can maintain pressure sensation under bending and stretching conditions. Additionally, the embedded construction and laser-induced bumps effectively reduce crosstalk from 58 to 7.8% compared to conventional flexible sensors with shared surfaces. The stretchable and mechanically stable sensor arrays possess shape-adaptability that enables pressure mapping on non-flat surfaces, which has great potential for object recognition in robotic skins and human-computer interaction.

关键词： bio-inspired structure femtosecond laser liquid metal objects recognition pressure sensor array

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Bending and Stretching-Insensitive, Crosstalk-Free, Flexible pressure sensor arrays for Human-Machine Interactions

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第5期9卷

作者： Yuan, Yangbo Xu, Hongcheng Zheng, Weihao Liu, Min Li, Sixin Yan, Junyu Wang, Daren Liu, Ke Zhang, Haiyan Chen, Gang Wang, Weidong Wu, Guirong Xue, Chenyang Cheng, Huanyu Gao, Libo Xidian Univ Sch Mechanoelect Engn Xian 710071 Peoples R China China Acad Space Technol Lanzhou Inst Phys Sci & Technol Mat Performance Evaluating Space Env Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Shandong Agr Machinery Sci Res Inst 19 Sangyuan Rd Jinan 250100 Shandong Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Pen Tung Sah Inst Micronano Sci & Technol Xiamen 361102 Peoples R China Innovat Lab Sci & Technol Energy Mat Fujian Prov I Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Penn State Univ Dept Engn Sci & Mech University Pk PA 16802 USA

Accurate data acquisition from flexible sensors placed on deformable 3D freeform surfaces is of critical importance for many applications, such as wearable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. However, the mechanical coupling between the sensor and the deformable subject surface to bending and stretching deformations can significantly reduce the accuracy of the acquired data. This study combines a polyimide (PI) micropore isolation layer (PIL) and serpentine electrodes with a flexible piezoresistive sensor to mitigate the issue of mechanical coupling. As a mechanical buffer to distribute the external pressure and reduce the strain concentration, the PIL can avoid the bending interference for bending curvature up to 256 m(-1), while maintaining a high sensitivity of S > 21.5 kPa(-1). The serpentine electrode design further allows the sensor to reliably acquire data in the presence of stretching up to 45% without cross-talk. The versatility of the developed sensor is demonstrated in several human-machine interaction scenarios, including gesture recognition and motion detection. The design strategies on materials and structures from this study can also be applied for the development of other flexible sensors with high sensitivity and low deformation interference to avoid the mechanical coupling between the sensor and the deformable surface.

关键词： bending and stretching-insensitive human-machine interaction micropore isolation layer pressure sensor array serpentine electrode

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A Feasible Low-Cost System for Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Sit-to-Stand Movement

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2025年第4期147卷 041007页

作者： Wang, Daoyuan Tang, Yang Xu, Shengqian Wang, Yichong Yu, Jingtao Gu, Zenghui Ning, Gangmin Zhejiang Univ Dept Biomed Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Hosp Dept Rehabil Hangzhou 310013 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Hosp Dept Orthoped Hangzhou 310013 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a common activity essential for independence and mobility. Traditional methods for assessing STS often involve costly laboratory equipment, limiting their accessibility. This study introduced an economic alternative to the standard motion capture setup. The system presented in this study used an Azure Kinect and a plantar pressure sensor mat to acquire kinematic and kinetic data simultaneously during the STS. The Kinect provided noncontact motion capture, while the pressure sensor array measured ground reaction forces. To address the Kinect's inherent limitations in capturing extremity movements and the sensor array's inability to measure tangential forces, algorithms for the correction of lower limb joints and a multisource fusion model were developed. The accuracy of the proposed system was evaluated against a gold standard Vicon motion capture system. The results indicated that the system delivered estimates comparable to reference values for joint angles (r ranging from 0.85 to 0.99), antero-posterior and vertical ground reaction forces (r ranging from 0.81 to 0.98), joint reaction forces of knee and ankle (r ranging from 0.83 to 0.90), and joint moments of hip and ankle (r ranging from 0.77 to 0.82), suggesting that the proposed system can provide vital kinematic and kinetic data for efficient STS analysis. This study offered an accessible and practical solution for monitoring and assessing mobility in various settings.

关键词： Azure Kinect pressure sensor array reaction forces prediction

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Crosstalk-Free, High-Resolution pressure sensor arrays Enabled by High-Throughput Laser Manufacturing

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ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022年第21期34卷 2200517-2200517页

作者： Li, Yihao Long, Junyu Chen, Yun Huang, Yan Zhao, Ni Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Electromech Engn State Key Lab Precis Elect Mfg Technol & Equipmen Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China

Simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low crosstalk interference has been a fundamental challenge for flexible pressure sensor arrays. Here the authors present a high-resolution flexible pressure sensor array fabricated through a two-step laser manufacturing process, where individual sensing pixels and their interconnects are sequentially defined by laser-induced graphenization and ablation to minimize crosstalk interferences. The geometry of the interconnects is optimized through theoretical modeling and experimental validation. Characterization results show that the new device design induces a remarkable reduction of the crosstalk coefficient, from -8.21 to -43.63 dB, of the 0.7 mm-resolution sensor arrays, and the crosstalk suppression is particularly beneficial for application scenarios involving pressure sensing on soft surfaces (e.g., human skin and organs). Applications of the sensor array in tactile pattern recognition and minimally-invasive cancer surgery are demonstrated.

关键词： crosstalk-free laser manufacturing pressure sensor array serpentine interconnect

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