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Experimental investigation on the effect of printing parameters on the impact response of thin-walled tubes produced by additive manufacturing method

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS 2023年第1期28卷 32-45页

作者： Meram, Ahmet Sozen, Betul KTO Karatay Univ Dept Mechatron Engn Konya Turkey Selcuk Univ Dept Mech Engn Aksehir Konya Turkey

This article investigates the effect of printing parameters on the impact response of thin-walled tubes produced using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique under low-velocity impact energy. The specimens were produced at three different filling rates of 30, 40 and 50% with honeycomb, square and concentric patterns. Low-velocity drop tests were conducted on tubes under 125 J impact energy (load). The force-displacement histories were acquired, and the crashworthiness parameters were calculated to analyse the effect of printing parameters on the impact behaviour of the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructural and the morphology of the damaged area on the thin-walled tubes. The most energy-absorbing structure is determined as the square pattern specimen with a 50% filling rate, which absorbs approximately 90% (112 J) of the impact energy. The least energy-absorbing structure is determined as a concentric patterned specimen with a 30% filling rate that absorbs approximately 25% (32 J) of the impact energy. While the highest average damped specific energy value belongs to the square patterned specimen with a 40% filling rate with 9.2 J/g, the lowest average damped specific energy value belongs to the concentric patterned specimen with a 30% filling rate with 3.4 J/g value. It has been observed that the damped energy value increases with the increase in the filling rate. Depending on the patterns, the highest impact energy absorption is observed in the square patterned specimen. After the square pattern specimen, the highest energy absorption has been observed in honeycomb and concentric pattern specimens, respectively.

关键词： Additive manufacturing damage analysis low-velocity drop test printing parameters thin-walled tube

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Influence of 4D printing parameters on the stored pre-strain of flat structures fabricated with polyurethane-based shape memory polymer (SMPU)

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PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2025年 1-18页

作者： Ramirez, William Antonio Pancho Ahmad, Rafiq Ayranci, Cagri Univ Alberta Dept Mech Engn Edmonton AB Canada

Direct programming of shape memory polymers produced via extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM), a.k.a. fused deposition modeling (FDM), has emerged as an attractive 4D printing method for creating functional engineering constructs. The underlying principle behind this is the generation and the control of residual stress during the printing process, which serves as the driving force for triggering shape-morphing mechanisms. These structures are used in various critical engineering applications ranging from deployable space structures to biomedical devices. This work investigated the effect of printing parameters, including nozzle temperature, layer thickness, printing speed, infill percentage, and bed temperature, on the longitudinal shrinkage of flat structures fabricated with polyurethane-based shape memory polymer (SMPU). Factor screening analysis and a subsequent full factorial design with three levels were employed to obtain a regression model to control and predict the amount of shrinkage in planar structures, commonly used as a building block to create different actuation mechanisms like bending, twisting, or folding. Additionally, the effect of the infill pattern and sample thickness is investigated. The results showed that nozzle temperature, printing speed, and layer thickness are the most significant factors controlling shrinkage deformation. Furthermore, the infill pattern significantly influences the directionality and the magnitude of strain after the recovery stage. It was also found that sample thickness is inversely related to shrinkage deformation.

关键词： 4D printing Direct programming Design of experiments (DOE) printing parameters Shape memory polymer

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Additive manufacturing of complexly shaped SiC with high density via extrusion-based technique-Effects of slurry thixotropic behavior and 3D printing parameters

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2022年第19期48卷 28444-28454页

作者： Chen, Ruoyu Bratten, Adam Rittenhouse, Joshua Huang, Tian Jia, Wenbao Leu, Ming C. Wen, Haiming Anhui Univ Technol Sch Met Engn Maanshan 243099 Anhui Peoples R China Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mat Sci & Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Dept Mat Sci & Technol Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Sci Rolla MO 65409 USA

Additive manufacturing of dense SiC parts was achieved via an extrusion-based process followed by electricalfield assisted pressure-less sintering. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the rheological behavior of SiC slurry on the printing process and quality, as well as the influence of 3D printing parameters on the dimensions of the extruded filament, which are directly related to the printing precision and quality. Different solid contents and dispersant- Darvan 821A concentrations were studied to optimize the viscosity, thixotropy and sedimentation rate of the slurry. The optimal slurry was composed of 77.5 wt% SiC, Y2O3 and Al2O3 powders, 0.25 wt% dispersant and 0.01 wt% defoamer. The printing parameters studied included extrusion pressure, nozzle size, layer height and printing speed;the one that had the most prominent effect on filament width and height was indicated as layer height. The nozzle inner diameter of 1.04 mm, speed of 350 mm/min, layer height of 0.7 mm and extrusion air pressure of 0.31 MPa were the optimal printing parameters. Furthermore, the relationship between the printing parameters and the filament dimensions was successfully predicted by using machine learning and grey system theory. Finally, the relative density of the printed SiC parts sintered at 1900 oC reached 94.7 +/- 1.5%.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Silicon carbide Rheological behavior printing parameters Machine learning

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The Effect of printing parameters and Wood Surface Preparation on the Adhesion of Directly 3D-Printed PLA on Wood

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1787-1796页

作者： Daša KrapežTomec Angela Balzano JureŽigon MilanŠernek Mirko Kariž Department of Wood Science and Technology Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1000Slovenia

As additive manufacturing technologies advance,new opportunities are opening up for their application in the furniture *** remains one of the leading raw materials in the furniture industry;therefore,possible options for combining it with 3D printing have been *** bonding of 3D-printed polymer parts with wood or 3D printing with wood-plastic composites is already known,but in our research we attempted to directly 3D print polylactic acid(PLA)on wood *** effect of printing parameters,as well as the surface preparation of wood on the shear strength of the bond between wood and on-printed material was *** images of cross-sections of samples were *** results show that with a lower initial layer thickness(0.1 mm),a higher printing temperature(220℃),and with the use of polyvinyl acetate(PVAc)primer on the wood surface before 3D printing,a higher bond strength(5.4 MPa)was achieved,but the values for the bond strength remain low compared to the conventional bonding of wood to wood with PVAc adhesive(around 10 MPa).Microscopy studies revealed barely visible penetration of PLA into the lumens of the wood ***,the PVAc adhesive used as primer penetrated more into the cell lumens and served as interface layer between deposited melted PLA and the wood,thus creating stronger joints.

关键词： FDM direct 3D printing adhesion printing parameters wood PLA PVAc

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Investigation on 3D printing parameters of PLA Polymers for Gear Applications 4th

Investigation on 3D Printing Parameters of PLA Polymers for ...

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4th International Conference on Vehicle and Automotive Engineering (VAE)

作者： Mehdiyev, Ziya Felho, Csaba Zoltan, Kovacs Peter Univ Miskolc Inst Mfg Sci Miskolc Hungary Univ Miskolc Inst Mat Sci & Technol Miskolc Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783031152115;9783031152108

Due to Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Additive Manufacturing technology offers to produce complex parts, low cost and large material selection;this technique is increasingly used in several industries. There are several printing parameters that directly affect the mechanical and tribological properties of the final part. The objective of our research work is to investigate different fabrication parameters for Polylactic acid (PLA) polymers for gear applications by characterising the ball-on-disk and compression tests. Several FDM printing parameters were considered for experiments, such as temperature, layer height, printing speed, infill pattern and so on. All specimens for the experimental investigations were printed with different printing parameter combinations by using the "Ultimaker Original +" 3D printer. Ball-on-disk tests were performed to analyse wear performance factors of samples, while compression tests were carried out to compare their load-bearing capabilities. The experimental tests were performed several times for each sample and summarised by determining the average values. The obtained results demonstrate that the FDM 3D printing parameters highly affect the wear behaviour and load-bearing capability of the produced parts due to the various microstructural modifications during the manufacturing process. Based on the ball-on-disc laboratory test results, the difference between the highest and lowest average friction coefficient is characterised by about 57%, while this difference reached 46% for maximum compressive force in the case of compression test results. The current research work provides useful guidance for the selection of FDM printing parameters to get better material properties of PLA polymers for gear applications.

关键词： 3D printing PLA FDM printing parameters

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Lattice structures in stainless steel 17-4PH manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM) process: dimensional accuracy, satellites formation, compressive response and printing parameters optimization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2022年第7-8期120卷 4935-4949页

作者： Bertocco, Alcide Iannitti, Gianluca Caraviello, Antonio Esposito, Luca Univ Naples Federico II Dept Ind Engn I-80125 Naples Italy Univ Cassino & Southern Lazio Dept Civil & Mech Engn I-03043 Cassino Italy Sophia High Tech Srl I-80040 Poggiomarino Italy Univ Naples Federico II Dept Chem Mat & Prod Engn I-80125 Naples Italy

By the term, lattice structures are intended topologically ordered open-celled structures consisting of one or more repeating unit cells. Technological development and especially the growth of the additive manufacturing (AM) industry allows innovative structural design, including complex lattice structure. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an AM process that enables the manufacture of space filling structures. This work investigated the influence of the most important process parameter settings on lattices printability, focusing on the geometrical accuracy, the quantity of powders adhered to the main frame (satellites) and their compression behaviour. The process parameters such as the laser power, scan speed and layer height affect vigorously the design, quality and mechanical properties of the part. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how different parameter combinations affect the cellular structures' printing. Twenty-four lattice structures with cubic and rhombic dodecahedron unit cells made of stainless steel 17-4PH (AISI-630) were printed using different combinations of SLM process parameters. Each structure was analysed considering its geometrical, topological and mechanical properties. Finally, the best parameter combination was evaluated comparing results achieved. Although this work investigated the 17-4PH stainless steel, physical principles related to the printing process described are generally true for the SLM process. Therefore, the adopted approach could still be suitable also for all the other materials commonly used with this AM technology.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Lattice structures Selective laser melting Compression behaviour Optimization procedure printing parameters

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Effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第9期34卷 236-246页

作者： Peng WANG Bin ZOU Shouling DING Lei LI Chuanzhen HUANG Centre for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies(CaJET) School of Mechanical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture at Shandong University Ministry of EducationJinan 250061China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

Fused deposition modeling(FDM)has unique advantages in the rapid prototyping of thermoplastics which have been developed in diverse ***,although great efforts have been made to optimize FDM process,the mechanical properties of printed parts are limited by the weak interlamination bonding as well as the poor performance of raw filaments used,such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS),polylactic acid(PLA).Adding fibers into thermoplastic matrix and preparing high-performance filaments have been indicated to enhance the properties of fabricated ***,heat-resistant polyetheretherketone(PEEK)and its fiber reinforced composites were proposed for FDM process due to overcoming the limitation of equipment and ***,few researches have been reported on the effects of FDM-3 D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PEEK ***,5 wt%carbon fiber(CF)and glass fiber(GF)reinforced PEEK composite filaments were prepared respectively in this *** effects of various printing parameters including nozzle temperature,platform temperature,printing speed and layer thickness on the mechanical properties(including tensile strength,flexural strength and impact strength)were *** analyze the microstructure and failure reasons of printed CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK samples,the tensile fractured surfaces were investigated via scanning electron microscope(SEM).

关键词： Fiber reinforced PEEK composites Fused deposition modeling Mechanical properties Microstructure printing parameters

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Dependence of the mechanical properties of nylon-carbon fiber composite on the FDM printing parameters

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COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING 2024年 186卷

作者： Gomez-Ortega, A. Piedra, S. Mondragon-Rodriguez, G. C. Camacho, N. CIDESI Ctr Engn & Ind Dev CONAHCYT Ave Pie de la Cuesta 702 Santiago De Queretaro 76125 Queretaro Mexico

Nylon-based polymer reinforced with short carbon fibers (PA-CFs), fabricated using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing process, has been proposed for various applications. However, the mechanical performance of these materials as a function of printing parameters, including wall thickness at infill contents < 100 %, has yet to be reported in the literature. This paper focuses on the effects of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and wall thickness on the porosity content, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PA-CF specimens. Employing a Taguchi (L9 - 3<^>3) design of experiments, tensile and flexural testing were conducted to assess their mechanical response. The printing temperature induces microstructural changes, promoting interlayer debonding due to voids and pores at wall- and skin-core interfaces. Wall thickness significantly impacts tensile strength and can be maintained between 0.8 and 1.35 mm for maximum flexural strength, while maximal tensile strength can only be achieved with a wall thickness between 1.15 and 1.5 mm.

关键词： Fused Deposition Modeling Nylon-short carbon fiber composite printing parameters Wall-thickness

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Impact of printing parameters on the dynamic outputs of a slider-crank mechanism with FFF-based 3D-printed crank-arms

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS 2024年

作者： Sevim, Caglar Ozmen, Ozkan Parlak, Mehmet Uzmay, Ibrahim Nigde Omer Halisdemir Univ Mech Engn Nigde Turkiye Erciyes Univ Ind Design Engn Kayseri Turkiye Erciyes Univ Mech Engn Kayseri Turkiye

In this study, the crank-arm of the slider-crank mechanism was produced with different raster angles (45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees) and infill densities (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The effect of these parameters on the dynamics of the slider was investigated experimentally and numerically, and compared with a rigid version of the crank-arm. Firstly, analytical, numerical, and experimental results are obtained for the rigid crank-arm, and the results are compared. Secondly, experiments were carried out on the same experimental setup with 12 crank-arm specimens produced using PLA. Finally, experimental results of sliders were statistically analysed with rigid-body mechanism results, and the flexibility of the crank-arms produced with fused filament fabrication was verified through numerical simulations. As the infill density decreased, the flexibility of the crank-arm increased, and the deviations in the results also grew as the energy change due to the deformation increased. The raster angle had no significant effect on the results except for 25% infill density. However, with 25% infill density, the crank-arm with 90 degrees raster angle followed the rigid crank-arm experimental results best. As a result, it has been observed that the crank-arm produced with different printing parameters has a significant effect on the dynamics of the slider.

关键词： Flexible crank-arm slider-crank mechanism fused filament fabrication printing parameters additive manufacturing dynamic analysis

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Preparation and 3D printing parameters of thermo/electrically shape memory PLA/SEBS-g-MA/CB composites

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POLYMER 2024年 313卷

作者： Liu, Donglei Zhu, Lei Zhou, Jingxiang Xie, Yangdong Luo, Xin Evsyukov, S. A. Nanchang Univ Sch Adv Mfg 999 Xuefu Rd Nanchang 330031 Jiangxi Peoples R China Bauman Moscow State Technol Univ Moscow Russia

In this work, novel thermo-responsive shape memory blends PLA/SEBS-g-MA and electro-responsive PLA/SEBSg-MA/carbon black (CB) composites were prepared by melt blending, and were extruded into filaments for 3D printing. SEM images illustrate that the blends possess co-continuous structure at SEBS-g-MA ratio of 30 wt% and showcase remarkable shape memory properties (Rf f 100 %, Rr r 85.3 %), which were attributed to effective stress transfer. In the second part, PLA/SEBS-g-MA/CB composites were produced with different amounts of CB nanoparticles. The volume resistivity of composites with CB additions of 13 phr and above is maintained at about 102 2 Omega cm, and the printed samples showed superior electro-responsive performance, with response completed in about 40 s at 60 V DC. In addition, the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties was investigated and it was found that the choice of layer thickness was strongly related to tensile and flexural strength.

关键词： Shape memory 3D printing PLA/SEBS-G-MA Carbon black printing parameters

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