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Systemic evaluation of community environmental management programmes

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2021年第1期288卷 207-224页

作者： Foote, J. Midgley, G. Ahuriri-Driscoll, A. Hepi, M. Earl-Goulet, J. Univ Otago Dept Management POB 56 Dunedin New Zealand Univ Canterbury Sch Hlth Sci Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand Univ Hull Fac Business Law & Polit Ctr Syst Studies Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX N Humberside England Linnaeus Univ Dept Informat Vaxjo Sweden Malardalen Univ Sch Innovat Design & Engn Eskilstuna Sweden Victoria Univ Wellington Victoria Management Sch Wellington New Zealand Univ Queensland Sch Agr & Food Sci Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Canterbury Sch Social & Polit Sci Christchurch New Zealand Inst Environm Sci & Res ESR POB 29-181 Christchurch New Zealand Environm Canterbury POB 345 Christchurch New Zealand

Community environmental management (CEM) involves the facilitation of community partnerships, local dialogue, consultation and participative decision-making. This is increasingly seen as a solution to some of the more complex environmental issues faced by regulatory authorities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that CEM programmes have much potential, but the evaluation of them is problematic, and there is a need for more robust evidence of their effectiveness. This paper reports on the development of a new CEM evaluation approach (inspired by soft systems methodology, developmental work research and systemic intervention), which was trialled with a New Zealand regional council. The approach shows promise in addressing common evaluation bottlenecks and helping stakeholders to develop causal narratives that more fully account for the complex relationship between community participation and environmental outcomes. However, while the local participants in the CEM initiative acted on the evaluation findings, they hoped that it would stimulate wider organisational change, and this did not happen. Project reflections, informed by institutional theory, reveal that the logics of 'participation' and 'community' implicit in the findings were appropriate for local participants, but non-participating regional council stakeholders read the findings with different logics, and therefore the evaluation failed to communicate the necessity for wider change. The reflections highlight a previously unrecognised evaluation bottleneck. While the CEM evaluation methodology has the potential to be adapted for other contexts, if wider organisational change is required, care must be taken to anticipate the different institutional logics of stakeholders who might be unfamiliar with, or even hostile to, CEM. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： problem structuring methods Community environmental management Community operational research Systemic evaluation Systems thinking

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Life cycle sustainability impact categories for sustainable procurement

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2023年 383卷

作者： de Oliveira, Daniel Felipe de Souza, Ricardo Gabbay Sa Paulo State Univ Unesp Sch Engn Ave Eng Luis Edmundo Carrijo Coube14 01 Vargem Li BR-17033360 Bauru SP Brazil Sa Paulo State Univ Unesp Inst Sci & Technol Ave Eng Francisco Jose Longo777 Jardim Sao Dimas BR-12245000 Sao Jose Dos Campos SP Brazil

Sustainable procurement depends on the definition of evaluation criteria when structuring selection processes for the most sustainable suppliers and products. Since a product or service may be associated with several sus-tainability impact categories throughout its life cycle, the procurement process may consider them as evaluation criteria. A recommended approach for such product evaluation is Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). The main objective of this study is to identify and catalogue general sustainability impact categories to be used as evaluation criteria in sustainable procurement. This research applied cognitive mapping, a tool in problem structuring methods, based on a systematic literature review and interviews with 10 experts in the field. They also collaborated in the categorization and validation of the results. This study suggests a set of 58 midpoint and 14 endpoint sustainability categories, providing a contribution for different actors in society and supply chains, allowing them to evaluate supply options in sustainable procurement. The participation of experts enriched the understanding of the problem, allowing to observe a fourth sustainability dimension for procurement, comprising Supplier Governance and Compliance.

关键词： Sustainable procurement Life cycle sustainability assessment Sustainability impact categories Supplier selection problem problem structuring methods Cognitive mapping

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Multidisciplinary design optimization in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction: a detailed review and call for collaboration

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STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION 2023年第11期66卷 239-239页

作者： Muthumanickam, Naveen Kumar Brown, Nathan Duarte, Jose Pinto Simpson, Timothy W. Natl Renewable Energy Lab 15013 Denver W Pkwy Golden CO 80401 USA Penn State Univ Dept Architectural Engn 220 Engn Unit A University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Stuckeman Sch Architecture & Landscape Architectur 150 Stuckeman Family Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Engn Design & Mfg 209 Leonhard Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA

The design of buildings has become a complex and multidisciplinary problem involving multiple conflicting objectives as architects and designers address competing technical, economic, environmental, and societal concerns. This has been driving research in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) toward rigorous multidisciplinary decision-making frameworks that generate and evaluate numerous design alternatives using multi-objective optimization in concert with simulation and analysis models of varying fidelity and computational expense. While such frameworks are well known and widely employed in the aerospace and systems engineering domains, efforts by design professionals and researchers in the AEC field are scattered at best. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of recent developments in optimization frameworks in the AEC field and subsequently highlight how such developments are largely compartmentalized into separate domains such as structural, energy, daylighting, and other performance factors. We further discuss the technical challenges involved in concurrent coupled multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) in the AEC field such as interoperability issues between Building Information Modeling (BIM) environments, analysis/simulation tools, and optimization frameworks. We conclude by outlining research needed for more unified modeling and simulation-based optimization frameworks to aid in complex and multidisciplinary building design processes. We also highlight the need for the identification and development of multi-fidelity simulation tools for use across multiple design phases. As such, this paper contributes a novel roadmap to leverage aerospace and systems engineering research in MDO into the field of AEC, along with a call for researchers in the MDO community to seek collaborations in AEC field.

关键词： problem structuring methods Model and simulation-based engineering Multi-fidelity modeling Multi-objective optimization Tradespace exploration

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Combining Soft Systems Methodology, ethnographic observation, and discrete-event simulation: A case study in cancer care

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JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020年第10期71卷 1545-1562页

作者： Lame, Guillaume Jouini, Oualid Stal-Le Cardinal, Julie Univ Cambridge THIS Inst Cambridge England Univ Paris Saclay Cent Supelec Lab Genie Ind Gif Sur Yvette France

We describe a project where discrete-event simulation (DES) is combined with Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and ethnographic observation to support the improvement of patient flows in an outpatient chemotherapy unit and a chemotherapy preparation pharmacy unit. The project combines three interesting characteristics. First, we rely on ethnographic observation to explore the problem situation and frame the problem, a technique rarely reported in operational research (OR). Second, this leads us to define several root definitions, an aspect that remains overlooked in studies combining SSM and DES. Finally, the project stands at the interface between two departments (outpatient oncology unit and chemotherapy preparation pharmacy unit), a situation seldom explored in healthcare OR but where SSM has arguably a lot to offer to help identify and accommodate diverging objectives. We framed the problem, developed a simulation model, explored scenarios and refined a preferred one into a new business process. However, the proposed changes were not implemented. We analyse the outcomes of the project, the contribution of each method and their integration into an intervention. The paper provides insights on how SSM and DES can be combined in practice, and how the potential of ethnographic observation can be leveraged in this context.

关键词： Simulation ethnographic observation soft systems methodology healthcare OR problem structuring methods soft OR

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Multicriteria Decision Model to Establish Maintenance Priorities for Wells in a Groundwater System

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2020年第1期34卷 377-392页

作者： Pereira, Leydiana de Sousa Morais, Danielle Costa Univ Fed Pernambuco CDSID Ave Arquitetura S-N Cidade Univ BR-50740550 Recife PE Brazil

When exploiting groundwater, it is common to have problems with wells since maintenance activities can interrupt not only the production of water but also its distribution. Planning maintenance activities is a challenge that involves multiple agents, several criteria, and subjective variables. Therefore, this paper proposes a decision model based on a multicriteria approach to prioritize maintenance actions in the wells of a groundwater supply system. The proposed model considers different points of view and has three phases. The first phase consists of understanding the problem and acquiring data. Next, there is a learning process, during which Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA), a structuring method, is applied. The third phase uses the Elimination et Choix Traduisant la Realite (Elimination and Choice Translating Reality, "ELECTRE III") method to evaluate the problem. To determine criteria weights, Simos' Procedure is used. The model is shown to have established management priorities that assist in making maintenance decisions. Efficiency of the model was demonstrated by applying it in a Brazilian town, where it was seen to yield greater benefits both to the supply company and society than does current maintenance management practice.

关键词： Groundwater Management priorities Multicriteria decision problem structuring methods

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Constitutive rules for guiding the use of the viable system model: Reflections on practice

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2020年第3期287卷 1014-1035页

作者： Lowe, David Espinosa, Angela Yearworth, Mike Univ Bristol Fac Engn Syst Ctr Bristol BS8 1TR Avon England Dstl Portsdown West PO17 6AD Fareham England Hull Univ Ctr Syst Studies Business Sch Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX N Humberside England Univ Externado Colombia Fac Adm Empresas Ctr Innovac & Sostenibilidad Bogota Colombia Univ Exeter Ctr Simulat Analyt & Modelling Business Sch Exeter EX4 4ST Devon England

The Viable System Model (VSM) provides a well-established framework to aid the design and diagnosis of organisations to survive and thrive in complex operating environments. However, the cognitive accessibility of the VSM presents a significant barrier to its application with non-expert stakeholders. In the face of such difficulties, VSM practitioners will often take steps to adapt the classic presentation of VSM to suit the needs of their particular operational context. We propose a set of constitutive rules, including an explicit epistemology, that can both account for the variety of VSM practice reported in the literature and also be used to guide practitioners in their application of the VSM and thus make rigorous use of VSM theory. The epistemology is expressed as a performative model, expressed as a Hierarchical Process Model (HPM), of the practitioner's use of the VSM in an engagement. We use this model to describe, reflect upon, and learn about VSM practice by the cross-case analysis of three recent VSM interventions. The combination of variability in problem structuring and specificity to the VSM afforded by the constitutive rules and the performative epistemology in combination has provided insight into the social ontology of VSM practice and the boundaries of what should be considered acceptable practice from a competence perspective. Our approach is intended to encourage wider and better application of VSM theory in preparing organisations to maintain performance in uncertain futures. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Viable system model problem structuring methods Constitutive rules Epistemology Hierarchical Process Model

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Stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2020年第1期283卷 321-340页

作者： Gregory, Amanda J. Atkins, Jonathan P. Midgley, Gerald Hodgson, Anthony M. Univ Hull Business Sch Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX N Humberside England Univ Hull Ctr Syst Studies Business Sch Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX N Humberside England Linnaeus Univ Fac Technol Dept Informat Vaxjo Sweden Malardalen Univ Sch Innovat Design & Engn Eskilstuna Sweden Victoria Univ Wellington Victoria Business Sch Wellington New Zealand Univ Canterbury Sch Polit & Social Sci Christchurch New Zealand Univ Queensland Sch Agr & Food Sci Brisbane Qld Australia Decis Integr Ltd Pitlochry Scotland

This paper addresses the under-researched issue of stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions. A concise framework is proposed to aid critical reflection in the design and reporting of stakeholder identification and engagement. This is grounded in a critical-systemic epistemology, and is informed by social identity theory. We illustrate the utility of the framework with an example of a problem structuring workshop, which was part of a green innovation project on the development of a technology for the recovery of rare metals from steel slag. The workshop was initially going to be designed to surface stakeholder views on the technology itself. However, it became apparent that a range of other strategic issues concerning the future of the site were going to impact on decision making about the use of steel slag. It therefore became important to evolve the agenda for the problem structuring, and this is where the critical-systemic approach made a difference. It enabled the workshop to be reframed as a community-based event looking at how the former steelworks site could be developed for new purposes. Evaluation of this problem structuring intervention revealed significant stakeholder learning about the issues needing to be accounted for, and a range of possible options for the development of the steelworks site were explored. The paper ends with a discussion of the utility of social identity theory for understanding the processes and outcomes of the workshop, and reflections are provided on its implications for operational research practice more generally. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： problem structuring methods Community operational research Stakeholder analysis Critical systems thinking Green innovation

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The strategic choice approach to the maintenance management of a water distribution system

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URBAN WATER JOURNAL 2020年第1期17卷 23-31页

作者： de Sousa Pereira, Leydiana Costa Morais, Danielle Univ Fed Pernambuco Ctr Decis Syst & Informat Dev Recife PE Brazil

In a water distribution system, maintenance is an essential pillar to ensure that an efficient service is provided and to combat problems such as real water losses. Managing such a system's maintenance needs involves multiple stakeholders, subjective variables, and requires a learning process to find a solution. structuring the problem can provide clarity for the situation under analysis, especially by resolving the need to establish integrated management among different water company sectors. In this instance, the strategic choice approach is proposed as a framework to align maintenance management perspectives with the system's network so as to reduce losses and ensure greater social benefits. A case study in a metropolitan region of Brazil was presented. A strategic plan is developed that features comprehensive actions and practices for enriching the control of critical decision areas and their uncertainties. The importance of establishing partnerships with universities was one distinguishing factor in the outcomes.

关键词： problem structuring methods strategic choice approach strategic management real water losses uncertainties

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A multicriteria decision aid perspective that guides an incremental development of knowledge and fosters relationships and decisions

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EURO JOURNAL ON DECISION PROCESSES 2022年 10卷

作者： Curto, Rocco Norese, Maria Franca Rolando, Diana Politecn Torino Dept Architecture & Design Viale Mattioli 39 I-10125 Turin Italy Politecn Torino Dept Management & Prod Engn Corso Duca Abruzzi 24 I-10129 Turin Italy

"Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century ", is the 54th UNESCO site in Italy, and it has been in the World Heritage List since July 2018. Its inclusion was the result of a complex decision process, which needs to be reactivated to enhance this large, unitary urban system of great historical, architectural and environmental value. The huge dimensions and extreme heterogeneity of the built heritage, the weakness of the socio-economic context, and the dynamics of the public and private organisations have generated a complex situation, which hinders the enhancement of the whole UNESCO site. A methodology that integrates two decision aid approaches can deal with and reduce these complexity factors, to guide the incremental development of knowledge and to foster relationships that facilitate the process reactivation. A problem structuring method was used to structure the decision problems and logically synthesise fragmented knowledge. Multicriteria models and methods were used to analytically describe the space of action and propose examples of how alternative policies, enhancement activities or projects can be analysed and evaluated, to be ranked or selected. The paper describes the problem situation and how these methods were integrated and used. The study aims to underline the complementarity of the different decision aid approaches and to show how logical and analytical models, applications of tools and results can be proposed to create an effective communication process, both at technical level and with stakeholders who are willing to participate in preparatory workshops.

关键词： Decision aid process problem structuring methods Strategic choice approach ELECTRE methods Ivrea UNESCO site

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An artificial-intelligence-based method for assessing service quality: insights from the prosthodontics sector

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JOURNAL OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2020年第2期31卷 291-312页

作者： Martins, Sara M. Ferreira, Fernando A. F. Ferreira, Joao J. M. Marques, Carla S. E. Univ Inst Lisbon ISCTE Business Sch Lisbon Portugal Univ Inst Lisbon ISCTE Business Sch BRU IUL Lisbon Portugal Univ Memphis Fogelman Coll Business & Econ Memphis TN 38152 USA Univ Beira Interior NECE Res Unit Covilha Portugal Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro CETRAD Res Unit DESG ECHS Vila Real Portugal

Purpose The prosthodontics sector is facing major challenges because of scientific and technological advances that imply a clearer definition of lines of action and decision making processes. Measuring quality of service in this sector is a complex decision problem since the perceptions of three main players need to be considered: patients, dentists and dental technicians. This study sought to develop an artificial-intelligence-based (AI-based) method for assessing service quality in the dental prosthesis sector. Design/methodology/approach Using strategic options development and analysis (SODA), which is grounded on cognitive mapping, and the measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH), a constructivist decision support system was designed to facilitate the assessment of service quality in the dental prosthesis sector. The system was tested, and the results were validated both by the members of an expert panel and by the vice-president of the Portuguese association of dental prosthesis technicians. Findings The methodological process developed in this study is extremely versatile and its practical application facilitated the development of an empirically robust evaluation model in this study context. Specifically, the profile analyses carried out in actual clinics allowed the cases in which improvements are needed to be identified. Originality/value Although already applied in the fields of AI and decision making, no prior work reporting the use of SODA and MACBETH for assessing service quality in the prosthodontics sector has been found.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Cognitive mapping Healthcare service quality MACBETH approach problem structuring methods Prosthodontics sector SODA methodology

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