检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Assessing the impact of problem structuring methods in multi-organizational settings: an empirical investigation

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2007年第6期58卷 760-768页

作者： Franco, L. A. Univ Warwick Warwick Business Sch Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

problem structuring methods (PSMs) have most commonly been employed with groups operating within single-organizational contexts. This paper argues that PSMs are by their nature also appropriate for supporting the work of multi-organizational groups (MOGs) operating within a partnership context. An experience of the use of a PSM in this context is reported and evaluated. The research findings suggest that there is indeed scope for the use of PSMs with MOGs, and that these methods do appear to have a positive role in achieving some of the products claimed for PSM interventions. In particular, the experience as a whole tends to demonstrate that mutual accommodations between the organizations represented in the MOG can be the result of the use of PSMs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of the experience, and proposes some directions for further research.

关键词： problem structuring methods multi-organizational groups partnership evaluation

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The uses of observation: combining problem structuring methods and ethnography

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2007年第5期58卷 588-601页

作者： Horlick-Jones, T. Rosenhead, J. Cardiff Univ Cardiff Sch Social Sci Cardiff CF10 3WT Wales Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci London WC2A 2AE England

In this paper, we examine conceptual and practical aspects of carrying out cross-disciplinary, multi-method, interventions that bring together methods from operational research (OR) with ethnographic tools drawn from sociology and anthropology. We note that such methodological hybridization is not a new development, although historically, the role of ethnography in OR has not always been explicit in written accounts. We illustrate such usage by means of a number of concrete examples. We then describe recent work in which we have successfully combined problem structuring methods with ethnographic investigations in order to address disparate problem issues.

关键词： problem structuring methods ethnographic methods operational research social science cross-disciplinarity multi-methodology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Developing a design science for the use of problem structuring methods

引用

SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH 2007年第4期20卷 333-349页

作者： Keys, Paul Univ Hull Sch Business Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX N Humberside England

The considerable literature concerning problem structuring methods (PSMs) lacks, unfortunately, an understanding about how users gain relevant expertise. One element contributing to the acquisition of expertise is the availability of knowledge about standard practices. Making such knowledge about the use of PSMs accessible will therefore improve the support available to those seeking to gain or improve their expertise. It is argued here that viewing the use of PSMs as a Design Science provides a framework within which this knowledge may be formalised, evaluated, and presented. Knowledge within the Design Sciences is embodied in technological rules validated by field-testing in case studies and grounding against a suitable theoretical framework. Many examples of such rules centred on the models and representations used in PSMs are found in the existing literature. This is least helpful in showing how the methods are embedded in the broader context of intervention processes. Producing further, complementary rules focussed on this area of practice will both increase understanding of how PSMs are used and facilitate the acquisition of relevant expertise. This article identifies what these rules could consist of and suggests how they may be produced.

关键词： problem structuring methods design science technological rules expertise

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soft OR comes of age-but not everywhere!

引用

OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011年第6期39卷 729-741页

作者： Mingers, John Univ Kent Kent Business Sch Canterbury CT2 7PE Kent England

Over the last forty years, new methods and methodologies have been developed to deal with wicked problems or "messes". They are structured and rigorous but non-mathematical. Prime examples are: soft systems methodology (SSM), cognitive mapping/SODA and the strategic choice approach (SCA). Collectively they are known as Soft OR, Soft Systems, or problem structuring methods (PSMs). Soft OR has now come of age in terms of both dealing with complex practical situations and having a presence in the academic literature. However, Soft OR is not recognized, or even seen as a legitimate part of an OR, everywhere and this is especially so in the US, where top journals such as Operations Research and Management Science do not publish Soft OR papers. The purpose of this paper is to generate an informed discussion and debate, which may lead to a greater recognition of the contribution of Soft OR, and to it being seen to be a proper part of the OR discipline worldwide. In order to achieve this, the first section outlines the nature of Soft OR and describes briefly some of the main methods. The second section demonstrates that Soft OR has been successful both in practice and within the academic literature. The third section documents the invisibility of Soft OR within important sections of the OR literature, and the final section then suggests some explanations for this, and also proposes practical actions to try and alleviate the problem. It is not suggested that Soft OR is an alternative to traditional, mathematical OR but, rather, a complement. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： problem structuring methods OR journals OR practice Soft OR Soft systems Wicked problems

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A Comparison of Group Model Building and Strategic Options Development and Analysis

引用

GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION 2011年第6期20卷 781-803页

作者： Rouwette, Etienne Bastings, Ingrid Blokker, Hans Radboud Univ Nijmegen Inst Management Res NL-6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands TNO Delft Netherlands

A distinctive tradition within group decision support uses models to structure managerial problems. In this tradition, stakeholders jointly construct a model on their issue of concern in facilitated workshops. In the past decades a wide variety of theoretical insights into and techniques for model-based decision support have been proposed and tested in practical applications. methods are designed and used by experts;guidelines on their use are not completely spelled out in the literature. This lack of transparency may lead to difficulties in showing the value of methods to researchers in other fields, limit transferability of methods and complicate recombining elements of methods into a multimethodology. In this paper we aim to contribute to transparency by contrasting two model-driven methods: group model building (GMB) and Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA). We first develop a framework for comparing methods on a theoretical and practical level. Second, we describe the separate use of each approach, on one and the same issue, with a similar group of participants. By contrasting the choices made in a practical application we clarify process and results in different phases of problem analysis. Our conclusion is that theoretical assumptions of both approaches are more similar than expected. Each method captures different aspects of the problem and in this sense methods may supplement one another: where SODA focuses on the future and identification of actions, GMB aims to create insight into the relation between (past) behavior and structure of the problem. In choosing which element of the methods to use, it is important to realize that each element strikes a particular balance between costs (e.g. time taken from participants or modelers) and benefits (e.g. level of involvement or model verification). For instance, some elements speed up the process but do so at the cost of lowering participants' involvement. A practical combination of elements of GMB a

关键词： problem structuring methods Group model building SODA Evaluation System dynamics Facilitation Facilitated modeling

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Strategy making with the whole organisation: OR and the art of the possible

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011年第5期62卷 840-854页

作者： Bryant, J. Darwin, J. Booth, C. Sheffield Hallam Univ Ctr Individual & Org Dev Sheffield Business Sch Sheffield S1 1WB S Yorkshire England

Present-day expectations of wide stakeholder involvement in strategy-making processes have been addressed in distinctive ways by the Operational Research (OR) and Organisational Development (OD) communities. This paper describes an intervention supporting a strategy for change in a university where a high degree of participation was essential to address the substantive issues faced following the disappointing outcome of an employee satisfaction survey. The importance of staff satisfaction for achieving good business outcomes is explained in the paper before an account is given of the work that was undertaken using a combination of Large Group Intervention and problem structuring Method approaches. The achievement of the project in shifting the locus of perceived control and opening up a more participative strategic debate is next assessed. The case demonstrated the benefit of using an intervention process whose participatory nature mirrored the desired changes in the client organisation, and in which the dramatisation of senior management group commitment underlined determination to effect change. Other implications are discussed: the value of using a novel assemblage of approaches and techniques rather than inflexibly following a single methodology;the potential payoff from closer work between the disciplines of OR and OD;and the observation that there is a real opportunity for the wider use of participative approaches in strategy making, something that OR practitioners are well-placed to provide. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2011) 62, 840-854. doi: 10.1057/jors.2010.71 Published online 21 July 2010

关键词： employee satisfaction strategic planning soft OR large group approaches problem structuring methods

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The development of management sciences/operational research discourses: surveying the trends in the US and the UK

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011年第8期62卷 1452-1470页

作者： Paucar-Caceres, A. Manchester Metropolitan Univ Sch Business Manchester M1 3GH Lancs England

This paper explores the trends in American and British management science/operational research (MS/OR) during the last 25 years. We argue that British MS/OR has developed a soft and systemic approach to MS/OR practice, which has resulted in the emergence of a number of interpretive and critical-oriented methodologies. American MS/OR practice has remained closed to the positivistic discourse. Using a set of keywords and authors' names associated with the main features of the interpretive and critical MS discourses, we surveyed articles published in three major US MS/OR journals. We compare these results with trends in the UK MS/OR scene. Findings appear to confirm the different directions taken by the MS/OR practice across the Atlantic. The paper posits possible reasons underpinning these differences: firstly, the particular methodological path followed by the British MS/OR, from early 'soft systems' applications in the early 1970s to the now well-established 'problem structuring methods';and secondly, continuous engagement between the systems and MS/OR British communities (a dialogue that seems not to have occurred in the US). The paper contributes to a reflection on the MS/OR historical developments and contrasts these developments in both countries, two areas of OR significantly under-researched. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2011) 62, 1452-1470. doi:10.1057/jors.2010.109 Published online 28 July 2010

关键词： systems thinking soft OR problem structuring methods history of OR management sciences methodologies philosophy of OR

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Facilitated modelling in strategy development: measuring the impact on communication, consensus and commitment

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011年第5期62卷 879-887页

作者： Rouwette, E. A. J. A. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Methodol Fac Management NL-6500 HK Nijmegen Netherlands

Facilitated modelling is used in supporting the resolution of strategic issues mainly because it is expected to improve communication between decision makers, foster consensus and create commitment. Researchers in both the strategy and facilitated modelling fields call for more systematic research on how strategy development works in practice and how outcomes are created. In this paper, three facilitated modelling cases on strategic issues are studied using both written questionnaires, developed in the strategy and decision support fields, and semi-structured interviews. Results of both measurement approaches are compared to determine (a) to what extent outcomes in participants' own terms are similar to concepts in the questionnaire and (b) whether changes measured by both methods are similar. Interview results are used to assess (c) which elements of the intervention contribute to outcomes. Findings suggest that questionnaires offer clear benefits as standardized measurement of facilitated modelling outcomes. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2011) 62, 879-887. doi: 10.1057/jors.2010.78 Published online 21 July 2010

关键词： problem structuring methods facilitation system dynamics evaluation

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Past, present and future of problem structuring methods

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2006年第7期57卷 759-765页

作者： Rosenhead, J London Sch Econ Dept Operat Res London WC2A 2AE England

To be able to exploit the future opportunities for Operational Research (OR), we need to prepare for them now. To conceptualize alternative futures for OR, we need to understand the potentialities of the present. To understand the present, we need to have a grasp of the past history that gave us the OR that we have, rather than some other analytic practice. OR was thrown up by a situation where traditional management methods were proving inadequate to handle the growing complexity of organizational arrangements. problem structuring methods (PSMs) in turn were generated out of a sense that the trajectory of OR had led it away from important areas of social decision-making. PSMs have made great strides but are still encountering barriers to acceptance. This paper will explore the factors that presently constrain PSMs, and what developments could take them into new.

关键词： problem structuring methods history of operational research managerial limits to growth PSM application opportunities

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forms of conversation and problem structuring methods: a conceptual development

引用

JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 2006年第7期57卷 813-821页

作者： Franco, L. A. Univ Warwick Operat Res & Informat Syst Grp Warwick Business Sch Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a family of participatory and interactive methods whose purpose is to assist groups of diverse composition tackle a complex problematic situation of common interest. This is achieved through modelling and facilitation, with a view to generating consensus on problem structure, and agreement on initial commitments. Despite the apparent success of PSMs reported in the literature, little progress has been made towards the development of theoretical models that integrate these experiences and guide PSM practitioners and academics in developing and implementing effective PSM interventions. In particular, no theoretical models have been presented concerning how conversational processes within a group are affected by PSMs. This paper develops a theoretical model of conversation intended to provide a means to identify a specific role for the analytical assistance provided through PSMs, and for evaluating their effectiveness. The hypothesis articulated from this model is that PSMs have the potential to improve the quality of the conversation in which actors participate. PSMs generate this effect through facilitating the structuring and sense-making activities embedded within a conversation. Improvement in the quality of conversation should tend to help actors engage in dialogue as a particular form of conversation, achieve shared understanding, and increase the actors' ownership of the commitments achieved during the conversation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the model for research and practice.

关键词： problem structuring methods soft OR conversation dialogue

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：