We observe that recruitment efforts aimed at alleviating the shortage of skilled workforce in computer engineering must be augmented with strategies for retaining and motivating the students after they have enrolled i...
详细信息
We observe that recruitment efforts aimed at alleviating the shortage of skilled workforce in computer engineering must be augmented with strategies for retaining and motivating the students after they have enrolled in our educational programmes. At the University of California, Santa Barbara, we have taken a first step in this direction by offering a required freshman seminar entitled "Ten Puzzling problems in Computer Engineering''. This one-unit pass/not-pass gateway course, which is graded based solely on attendance, introduces our students to some of the most challenging problems faced by computer engineers in their daily professional endeavors and at the frontiers of research. To accomplish this feat in a manner that is both understandable and appealing to freshmen, the problems are related to popular mathematical and logical puzzles. Each 1-hour class session begins by introducing the students to puzzles of a particular kind and letting them participate in formulating solutions. Historical context, background, and general solution methods for the puzzles are then discussed by the instructor, who finally proceeds to demonstrate how the puzzles and their solution strategies are related to real technical challenges in computer engineering. The new course, which has been offered twice already, is supported by a website containing complete lecture slides, class handouts, and reference information.
The paper presents a practical study of expertise in sedimentary petrography and its incorporation into a knowledge-based computing system, PetroGrapher. The study identifies features of expert geologists' essenti...
详细信息
The paper presents a practical study of expertise in sedimentary petrography and its incorporation into a knowledge-based computing system, PetroGrapher. The study identifies features of expert geologists' essentially visual knowledge that limit the usefulness of traditional logic-oriented symbolic methods for developing relevant knowledge-based systems. In particular, the experts' expressions of knowledge differ significantly from what is taught through the literature about their subject. Also, the means (ontology) of describing the explicit objects of geological data are not well-suited to describe how experts combine such objects and make inferences about them. The paper indicates how to deal with those two different levels of ontology, proposes "knowledge graphs" as an effective medium for linking them and explains their place in a general descriptive model of how experts solve problems in interpretation based on visual evidence. The model is being validated through the use of PetroGrapher, for management of data and knowledge about reservoir rocks, in a petroleum company. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Protege project has come a long way since Mark Musen first built the Protege meta-tool for knowledge-based systems in 1987. The original tool was a small application, aimed at building knowledge-acquisition tools ...
详细信息
The Protege project has come a long way since Mark Musen first built the Protege meta-tool for knowledge-based systems in 1987. The original tool was a small application, aimed at building knowledge-acquisition tools for a few specialized programs in medical planning. From this initial tool, the Protege system has evolved into a durable, extensible platform for knowledge-based systems development and research. The current version, Protege-2000, can be run on a variety of platforms, supports customized user-interface extensions, incorporates the Open Knowledge-Base Connectivity (OKBC) knowledge model, interacts with standard storage formats such as relational databases, XML, and RDF, and has been used by hundreds of individuals and research groups. In this paper, we follow the evolution of the Protege project through three distinct re-implementations. We describe our overall methodology, our design decisions, and the lessons we have learned over the duration of the project. We believe that our success is one of infrastructure: Protege is a flexible, well-supported, and robust development environment. Using Protege, developers and domain experts can easily build effective knowledge-based systems, and researchers can explore ideas in a variety of knowledge-based domains. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper describes a problem-solving method for modelling the 'unprotocolised' treat ment administration task in medicine. We argue that there are medical domains in which no well-established standard treatm...
详细信息
This paper describes a problem-solving method for modelling the 'unprotocolised' treat ment administration task in medicine. We argue that there are medical domains in which no well-established standard treatment protocols exist, and the physician has to decide on the therapy that is to be applied to each patient, in function of a set of therapeutic objectives to be fulfilled. For this reason, we propose the modelling of this type of task adapting the generic class of problem resolution methods for design task, labelled as Propose-Critique-Modify (PCM). In this paper, we are presenting a model of expertise which has been developed using the basic modelling components of the CommonKADS methodology. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
In this paper we present DSTM, a framework that enables the operationalisation and the refinement of problem-solving methods modeled within the Task-method paradigm. DSTM proposes an operational kernel, i.e. operation...
详细信息
In this paper we present DSTM, a framework that enables the operationalisation and the refinement of problem-solving methods modeled within the Task-method paradigm. DSTM proposes an operational kernel, i.e. operational but flexible high-level constructions: modeling primitives, such as task or method, and manipulation mechanisms, such as select a method. These constructions can be customized in order to better capture the paper-based model to be operationalised. This permits the construction of an implemented system that is an explicit reification of the paper-based model, and, therefore, enables to analyze the model by means of the analysis of the system. In order to support this analysis, DSTM proposes tools that allow the knowledge-engineers to inspect the implemented model from different points of view. This facilitates the conciliation of the initial modeling phase, the model refinement phase and the operationalisation phase that are achieved when constructing a KBS. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper gives an overview of the development of the field of Knowledge Engineering over the last 15 years. We discuss the paradigm shift from a transfer view to a modeling view and describe two approaches which con...
详细信息
This paper gives an overview of the development of the field of Knowledge Engineering over the last 15 years. We discuss the paradigm shift from a transfer view to a modeling view and describe two approaches which considerably shaped research in Knowledge Engineering: Role-limiting methods and Generic Tasks. To illustrate various concepts and methods which evolved in recent years we describe three modeling frameworks: CommonKADS, MIKE and PROTEGE-II. This description is supplemented by discussing some important methodological developments in more detail: specification languages for knowledge-based systems, problem-solving methods and ontologies. We conclude by outlining the relationship of Knowledge Engineering to Software Engineering, Information Integration and Knowledge Management.
The concepts of problem, problem-solving method, and the application of a problem-solving method to a problem are given precise formulations, based on abstract data types. These formulations are argued to agree with t...
详细信息
暂无评论