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Implications of the declarative/procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques

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SECOND LANGUAGE RESEARCH 2018年第1期34卷 39-65页

作者： Ullman, Michael T. Lovelett, Jarrett T. Georgetown Univ Washington DC USA Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92103 USA

The declarative/procedural (DP) model posits that the learning, storage, and use of language critically depend on two learning and memory systems in the brain: declarative memory and procedural memory. Thus, on the basis of independent research on the memory systems, the model can generate specific and often novel predictions for language. Till now most such predictions and ensuing empirical work have been motivated by research on the neurocognition of the two memory systems. However, there is also a large literature on techniques that enhance learning and memory. The DP model provides a theoretical framework for predicting which techniques should extend to language learning, and in what circumstances they should apply. In order to lay the neurocognitive groundwork for these predictions, here we first summarize the neurocognitive fundamentals of the two memory systems and briefly lay out the resulting claims of the DP model for both first and second language. We then provide an overview of learning and memory enhancement techniques before focusing on two techniques - spaced repetition and retrieval practice - that have been linked to the memory systems. Next, we present specific predictions for how these techniques should enhance language learning, and review existing evidence, which suggests that they do indeed improve the learning of both first and second language. Finally, we discuss areas of future research and implications for second language pedagogy.

关键词： declarative memory declarative procedural model memory enhancement procedural memory retrieval practice second language acquisition spaced repetition spacing effect testing effect

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procedural model FOR DESIGNING MULTIPRODUCT CHEMICAL PLANTS

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CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2017年第5-6期53卷 326-331页

作者： Mokrozub, V. G. Nemtinov, V. A. Mokrozub, A. V. Tambov State Tech Univ Tambov Russia

A procedural model for designing multiproduct chemical engineering systems is described. The model includes the following designing stages: determining types, number, and size of equipment at each stage of the production process, laying out equipment and pipelines in the production site, and designing individual equipment. The model is intended for creating intelligent systems for automated designing.

关键词： automated designing multiproduct chemical plants procedural model

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Sketch2Tooncity:Sketch-based City Generation Using Neurosymbolic model

Sketch2Tooncity:Sketch-based City Generation Using Neurosymb...

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International Workshop on Advanced Imaging Technology (IWAIT)

作者： Kanda, Junya He, Yi Xie, Haoran Miyata, Kazunori Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Nomi Ishikawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781510679931

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679931;9781510679924

In this study, we propose an efficient city-generation method based on user sketches. The proposed framework combines Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks(cGAN) and procedural modeling, which we call the Neurosymbolic model. For cGAN training, the data set needs to consist of linked input and output pairs, so first the building of random height is generated using Perlin noise as the training data set. Then, the building contours are extracted by morphological transformation. For training, we use pairs of height maps created from the city data and sketches extracted by morphological transformation. Allowing users to generate diverse and satisfying cities from freehand sketches.

关键词： city generation GAN procedural model heightmap

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Vectorized Painting with Temporal Diffusion Curves

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2021年第1期27卷 228-240页

作者： Li, Yingjia Zhai, Xiao Hou, Fei Liu, Yawen Hao, Aimin Qin, Hong Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software State Key Lab Comp Sci Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beijing Piesat Informat Technol Co Ltd Beijing 100195 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Res Inst Frontier Sci Beijing 100191 Peoples R China SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

This paper presents a vector painting system for digital artworks. We first propose Temporal Diffusion Curve (TDC), a new form of vector graphics, and a novel random-access solver for modeling the evolution of strokes. With the help of a procedural stroke processing function, the TDC strokes can achieve various shapes and effects for multiple art styles. Based on these, we build a painting system of great potential. Thanks to the random-access solver, our method has real-time performance regardless of the rendering resolution, provides straightforward editing possibilities on strokes both at runtime and afterward, and is effective and straightforward for art production. Compared with the previous Diffusion Curve, our method uses strokes as the basic graphics primitives, which are able to intersect each other and much more consistent with the intuition and painting habits of human. We finally demonstrate that professional artists can create multiple genres of artworks with our painting system.

关键词： Painting Mathematical model Graphics Real-time systems Pigments Heating systems Oils Vector graphics heat equation procedural model real-time application

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The ephemerae of digital literature

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NEOHELICON 2021年第1期48卷 7-22页

作者： Bootz, Philippe Univ Paris 08 Lab Paragraphe St Denis France

Digital literary productions often combine both the ephemeral dimensions of their screen-readable manifestation and the perennial dimension of their program. Their status thus lies between a totally ephemeral pole of performance and a totally perennial pole of reproducible publication. This "two-sided" status questions our conception of the work. The article begins with a pragmatic analysis of the forms of variability and transience present in print and digital literatures. It then examines how the most common conception of the work deals with these properties by proposing a formulation of this dominant viewpoint in the form of a "front-end dispositive." Recognizing a blind spot in thinking, he examines how these properties are addressed in models that are better suited to the digital, notably the procedural model. It concludes by proposing the concept of "reading machine," a technological system that aims to give access to the semiotic dimensions that develop outside screen reading, without suppressing the ephemeral.

关键词： model of communication procedural model Digital reading Ephemeral Digital literature

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Application of Dempster-Shafer Theory for Drying Process Control

Application of Dempster-Shafer Theory for Drying Process Con...

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IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus)

作者： Artemova, Svetlana, V Ladynin, Andrey, I Shmeleva, Anna G. Kamenskaia, Maria M. Smirnova, Elvira E. MIREA Russian Technol Univ Informat Dept Moscow Russia Tambov State Tech Univ Radioelect & Microprocessor Syst Design Dept Tambov Russia Russian Univ Transport MIIT Qual Management Dept Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404761

Developing a control system for heat-technological devices according to manufactured products quality losses minimizing criteria, great attention should be paid to the experts' accumulated experience. The article provides possible situations classification procedural model application example for pasty material drying process control in a five-section roller-belt drying unit. The absolute value of the moisture content of the material at the drying plant outlet is less than 1%. The proposed possible situations classification procedural model is based on the Dempster-Shafer method, which allows, on the numerical estimates basis experts' confidence-building measures, to determine at the beginning of the process whether the required quality indicator could be achieved for the desired control parameters. Proposed drying process control procedural model usage made it possible to increase the probability of a high-quality product output up to ninety-eight percent.

关键词： situation classification procedural model heat-technological devices control

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Miniplant-Scale Evaluation of a Semibatch-Continuous Tandem Reactor System for the Hydroformylation of Long-Chain Olefins

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2019年第7期58卷 2471-2480页

作者： Jokiel, Michael Raetze, Karsten H. G. Kaiser, Nicolas M. Kuennemann, Kai U. Hollenbeck, Jan-Peter Dreimann, Jens M. Vogt, Dieter Sundmacher, Kai Planck Inst Dynam Complex Tech Syst Dept Proc Syst Engn Sandtorstr 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Otto von Guericke Univ Chair Proc Syst Engn Univ Pl 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Tech Univ Dortmund Dept Biochem & Chem Engn Lab Ind Chem Emil Figge Str 66 D-44227 Dortmund Germany

Innovative reactor concepts show evidence to significantly improve the reaction performance in comparison to conventional reactor systems. To evaluate the reactor concepts, experimental investigation of the process behavior is indispensable. In this contribution, a reactor tandem comprising a repeatedly operated semibatch reactor (RSBR) followed by a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is analyzed for the hydroformylation of 1-dodecene. This reactor tandem was suggested by N. M. Kaiser et al. [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2017, 56, 11507-11518] to increase the selectivity toward the linear aldehyde at high conversion levels of 1-dodecene. An additional degree of freedom is gained because of the combined utilization of a batchwise and continuously operated reactor. By using a dynamic process model for planning of the experiments, comparability is ensured with studies of a single CSTR from literature. The experiments confirm an increase in conversion and target product yield applying the RSBR + CSTR tandem, so that up to 90% selectivity is achieved with closed byproduct recycle.

关键词： hydroformylation Continuously stirred tank reactors Reactors Tandem Degree of freedom procedural model

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3D Object Classification and Parameter Estimation based on Parametric procedural models 26

3D Object Classification and Parameter Estimation based on P...

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26th International Conference on Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG)

作者： Getto, Roman Fina, Kenten Jarms, Lennart Kuijper, Arjan Fellner, Dieter W. Tech Univ Darmstadt Fraunhoferstr 5 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer IGD Fraunhoferstr 5 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788086943404

Classifying and gathering additional information about an unknown 3D objects is dependent on having a large amount of learning data. We propose to use procedural models as data foundation for this task. In our method we (semi-)automatically define parameters for a procedural model constructed with a modeling tool. Then we use the procedural models to classify an object and also automatically estimate the best parameters. We use a standard convolutional neural network and three different object similarity measures to estimate the best parameters at each degree of detail. We evaluate all steps of our approach using several procedural models and show that we can achieve high classification accuracy and meaningful parameters for unknown objects.

关键词： procedural model parametric model parameterization 3D object classification deep learning

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Defining gameful experience as a psychological state caused by gameplay: Replacing the term 'Gamefulness' with three distinct constructs

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2019年第0期127卷 81-94页

作者： Landers, Richard N. Tondello, Gustavo F. Kappen, Dennis L. Collmus, Andrew B. Mekler, Elisa D. Nacke, Lennart E. Univ Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Univ Ontario Inst Technol Oshawa ON Canada Old Dominion Univ Norfolk VA 23529 USA Univ Basel Basel Switzerland

Background and Aim: Gamefulness is commonly cited as the primary goal of gamification, a family of approaches employed in education, business, healthcare, government, and elsewhere. However, gamefulness is defined imprecisely across the literature. To address this, we present a theory of gamefulness that splits gamefulness into more specific constructs and outlines their effects in a process model. Method: We integrate extant literature from psychology, human-computer interaction, and other fields to define gameful design, systems, and experiences. Most critically, we argue that gameful experience is the core focal construct of this theory and define it as an interactive state occurring when a person perceives non-trivial achievable goals created externally, is motivated to pursue them under an arbitrary set of behavioral rules, and evaluates that motivation as voluntary. Results: We present six resulting propositions: (1) gameful systems lead to gameful experiences, (2) gameful systems impact psychological characteristics, (3) effective gameful design leads to gameful systems, (4) effective gameful systems lead to behavioral change, (5) appropriate behavioral change causes the distal outcomes gamification designers target, and (6) individual differences moderate the effectiveness of gameful systems. Conclusion: Gameful experience theory provides researchers with a unified foundation to study gamification from any social scientific lens.

关键词： experience Countries (nations) procedural model theories Distinct

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Contaminant source localization via Bayesian global optimization

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HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 2019年第1期23卷 351-369页

作者： Pirot, Guillaume Krityakierne, Tipaluck Ginsbourger, David Renard, Philippe Univ Lausanne Inst Earth Sci Lausanne Switzerland Mahidol Univ Dept Math Fac Sci Bangkok Thailand CHE Ctr Excellence Math Bangkok Thailand Univ Bern Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res Bern Switzerland Idiap Res Inst Uncertainty Quantificat & Optimal Design Grp Martigny Switzerland Univ Bern Inst Math Stat & Actuarial Sci Bern Switzerland Univ Neuchatel Ctr Hydrogeol & Geotherm Neuchatel Switzerland

Contaminant source localization problems require efficient and robust methods that can account for geological heterogeneities and accommodate relatively small data sets of noisy observations. As realism commands hi-fidelity simulations, computation costs call for global optimization algorithms under parsimonious evaluation budgets. Bayesian optimization approaches are well adapted to such settings as they allow the exploration of parameter spaces in a principled way so as to iteratively locate the point(s) of global optimum while maintaining an approximation of the objective function with an instrumental quantification of prediction uncertainty. Here, we adapt a Bayesian optimization approach to localize a contaminant source in a discretized spatial domain. We thus demonstrate the potential of such a method for hydrogeological applications and also provide test cases for the optimization community. The localization problem is illustrated for cases where the geology is assumed to be perfectly known. Two 2-D synthetic cases that display sharp hydraulic conductivity contrasts and specific connectivity patterns are investigated. These cases generate highly nonlinear objective functions that present multiple local minima. A derivative-free global optimization algorithm relying on a Gaussian process model and on the expected improvement criterion is used to efficiently localize the point of minimum of the objective functions, which corresponds to the contaminant source location. Even though concentration measurements contain a significant level of proportional noise, the algorithm efficiently localizes the contaminant source location. The variations of the objective function are essentially driven by the geology, followed by the design of the monitoring well network. The data and scripts used to generate objective functions are shared to favor reproducible research. This contribution is important because the functions present multiple local minima and are inspired from a

关键词： global optimum Optimization algorithms concentration measurements CASING INSPECTION Position measurement Objective function geology Scripts Global optimization procedural model

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