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Verbal cluster order and processing complexity

LANGUAGE SCIENCES 2017年 60卷 94-119页

作者： Bloem, Jelke Versloot, Arjen Weerman, Fred Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Ctr Language & Commun Spuistr 134 NL-1012 VB Amsterdam Netherlands

We examine a case of word order variation where speakers choose between two near-synonymous constructions partly on the basis of the processing complexity of the construction and its context. When producing two-verb clusters in Dutch, a speaker can choose between two word orders. Previous corpus studies have shown that a wide range of factors are associated with this word order variation. We conducted a large-scale corpus study in order to discover what these factors have in common. The underlying generalization appears to be processing complexity: we show that a variety of factors that are related to verbal cluster word order, can also be related to the processing complexity of the cluster's context. This implies that one of the word orders might be easier to process when processing load is high, speakers will go for the easier option. Therefore, we also investigate which of the two word orders might be easier to process. By testing for associations with factors indicating a higher or lower processing complexity of the verb and its context, we find evidence for the hypothesis that the word order where the main verb comes last is easier to process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Verb cluster processing complexity Word order Language variation Dutch Corpus linguistics

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Parasitic gaps aren't parasitic, or, the case of the Uninvited Guest

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LINGUISTIC REVIEW 2022年第1期39卷 1-35页

作者： Culicover, Peter W. Winkler, Susanne Ohio State Univ Dept Linguist Columbus OH 43210 USA Univ Washington Dept Linguist Seattle WA 98195 USA Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen English Dept Tubingen Germany

A parasitic gap construction typically occurs when an otherwise illicit gap in an island is ameliorated by a gap elsewhere in the sentence. In this paper, we consider the relationship between the unacceptability of extraction from subject islands (ExtrSubj) and the amelioration associated with parasitic gaps. We argue that there is no parasitic gap mechanism per se that has the effect of making extraction from an island grammatical. Rather, the link between the two is a matter of processing complexity. Our central claim is that in ExtrSubj, the presence of a distinct referring argument in the predicate contributes processing complexity. This referring argument is the 'Uninvited Guest'. If an instance of ExtrSubj is of reduced acceptability, inclusion of the Uninvited Guest is likely to make it fully unacceptable, or 'ungrammatical' in conventional terms. On the other hand, linking of the argument position to the extracted A ' constituent - a 'parasitic gap' configuration - does not contribute additional processing complexity, thus giving rise to the appearance of amelioration.

关键词： acceptability judgments extraction grammaticality island constraints parasitic gaps processing complexity subject islands syntax

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Adaptive memory: Greater memory advantages in bilinguals' first language

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BILINGUALISM 2022年第1期26卷 49-64页

作者： Kazanas, Stephanie A. Wilck, Allison M. Altarriba, Jeanette Tennessee Technol Univ Psychol Cookeville TN 38505 USA Tennessee Technol Univ Dept Counseling & Psychol Box 5031 Cookeville TN 38505 USA SUNY Albany Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Psychol Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Coll Arts & Sci Albany NY 12222 USA

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: In this study, we examined memory performance in a bilingual population, in an effort to compare depth of processing and complexity across first and second languages. Design/methodology/approach: complexity was investigated with a pleasantness rating task and an elaborative encoding, scenario-based rating task (i.e. rating words for their survival-relevance). Previous research found word recall largely benefited from an ancestral context that primed participants to think deeply about the survival-relevance of a list of concrete, neutral words. Engaging this more elaborative processing may lead to better memory if the human memory system is particularly tuned toward remembering survival-relevant materials. Data and analysis: Participants included 127 Spanish-English bilinguals, randomly-assigned to complete survival-relevance or pleasantness ratings in either Spanish or English. Aggregated language history data self-reported by participants (e.g. language-learning environments, age of acquisition, and so on), suggested an L1 of Spanish and L2 of English. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared word recall across these tasks and languages. Findings/conclusions: We hypothesized better recall performance collected from bilingual participants in the survival condition using their first, more often emotional, language. Our results support this hypothesis, with bilinguals replicating the memory advantage for words rated for their survival-relevance in Spanish (their L1), but not in English (their L2). Originality: While this paradigm has largely been studied with monolingual English-speakers, or in some cases, other languages, no study has explored its replicability in a Spanish-English bilingual population's two languages. Significance/implications: These findings speak to the on-going effort to understand word processing and memory differences-particularly with regards to processing complexity-across bilinguals' first and

关键词： bilingual processing complexity adaptive memory recall

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Effects of Syntactic Distance and Word Order on Language processing: An Investigation Based on a Psycholinguistic Treebank of English

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2022年第5期51卷 1043-1062页

作者： Niu, Ruochen Liu, Haitao Beijing Language & Culture Univ Inst Quantitat Linguist 15 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Linguist 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China

We conducted a broad-coverage investigation of the effects of syntactic distance and word order on language processing against a dependency-annotated reading time corpus of English. A combined method of quantitative syntax and psycholinguistic analyses was adopted to yield converging evidence. It was found that (i) head-initial structures allow greater structural complexity, i.e., larger head-dependent distance, than head-final structures in both language comprehension and production;(ii) within the capacity limit of working memory, syntactic distance is a positive predictor of reading time for a word with a preceding head, whereas a negative predictor of reading time for a word with a following head;and (iii) at the sentence level, syntactic distance is a significant predictor of sentence reading time. These results suggest that (i) different word orders may enjoy different processing mechanisms in terms of cognitive difficulty and processes, which can be explained by an incremental language parser;and (ii) in addition to distance, word order should also be considered as a factor affecting language processing, which is an important extension to distance-based language processing models. Taken as a whole, our study paves the way for corpus-based integration of quantitative linguistic and psycholinguistic methods into understanding language processing and its underlying cognitive mechanisms.

关键词： Syntactic processing processing complexity Dependency distance Dependency direction Psycholinguistic corpus

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Improved Power-Efficient Adaptation for D2D Resource Allocation

Improved Power-Efficient Adaptation for D2D Resource Allocat...

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IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer, and Energy Technologies (ICECET)

作者： Radaydeh, Redha M. Texas A&M Univ Commerce TAMUC Dept Elect Engn Engn & Technol Commerce TX 75428 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442312

This paper addresses the power efficiency improvement in decentralized device-to-device (D2D) communication over fading channels. For a D2D network where potential D2D transmitters have limited transmission power to operate in the D2D service mode, a low-complexity approach for D2D link adaptation is proposed with the aim to provide an improved power-efficient resource allocation in the D2D network. Moreover, the proposed approach attempts to meet the required bit error rate (BER) targets at individual D2D receivers by adjusting modulation constellation sizes during data transmission according to the quality of D2D fading channels. The power-efficient adaptation offers design flexibility by realizing a tradeoff between performance and processing complexity. Detailed analysis of the adaptation approach is presented. Moreover, the statistics of the resulting combined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are quantified under generic fading models. Analytical results are then presented for selected performance measures, and the processing complexity is assessed under generic fading models. The numerical results further clarify the performance-complexity trade-off offered by the proposed D2D power-efficient adaptation.

关键词： Low-complexity adaptation D2D communication statistics of combined SNR power-efficient transmission resource allocation fading channels spectral efficiency probability of outage processing complexity

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Polarization Dependent Loss Mitigation Technologies for Digital Coherent Systems 3

Polarization Dependent Loss Mitigation Technologies for Digi...

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Conference on Metro and Data Center Optical Networks and Short-Reach Links III

作者： Huang, Guoxiu Nakashima, Hisao Akiyama, Yuichi Tao, Zhenning Hoshida, Takeshi Fujitsu Ltd Technol Deployment Unit Kawasaki Kanagawa 2128510 Japan Fujitsu R&D Ctr 2A Gong Ti Bei Lu Rd Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510633803

The performance of Pol-Mux systems is limited by polarization dependent loss (PDL) which mainly exist in the passive components and optical nodes. In coherent systems, the function of PDL mitigation to increase the transmission distance of polarization multiplexed signal is essential for the digital signal processing (DSP) technology. Several precoding technologies have been investigated with the capability of suppressing PDL penalty in a blind manner, so that the monitoring technology is not required. Space-time code is one of the precoding technologies with low processing complexity and better performance. An inverse matrix method was also investigated basing on the Mueller matrix monitor. The experimental demonstration showed good improvement by this method. In this paper, the PDL monitoring and the mitigation technologies will be summarized and well explained in theory.

关键词： Polarization dependent loss SNR degradation Compensation processing complexity

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Reflecting on the quantitative turn in linguistics

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LINGUISTICS 2021年第5期59卷 1207-1226页

作者： Kortmann, Bernd Univ Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Linguistics, English linguistics in particular, has witnessed a remarkable quantitative turn since the 1990s and the early 2000s. It was a turn both in scale and in quality, a turn concerning the degree (including the degree of so-phistication) to which quantitative empirical studies, statistical techniques, and statistical modelling have come to be used and determine linguistic research. Which role have corpus linguistics and probabilistic linguistics, including usage-based approaches, played in this development? Has this turn been to the detriment of qualitative methods, or even of linguistic theorizing in general? Has linguistics reached the point of a "quantitative crisis", or is it still a discipline characterized by a healthy equilibrium, if not mutual reinforcement, of quantitative and qualitative approaches? What are, or should be, major repercussions of the strong quantitative turn for the publication system of (English) linguistics? These are the major overarching questions underlying the reflections offered in this opinion paper.

关键词： corpuslinguistics entrenchment multi-method design probabilistic linguistics processing complexity

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A New Underwater Image Enhancing Method via Color Correction and Illumination Adjustment

A New Underwater Image Enhancing Method via Color Correction...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image processing (VCIP)

作者： Zhang, Wenhao Li, Ge Ying, Zhenqiang Peking Univ Shenzhen Grad Sch Sch Elect & Comp Engn Lishui Rd 2199 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604625

Since the light will be absorbed and scattered when travels in water, underwater imaging exists three major difficulties, including color cast, under-exposure, and fuzz. The solutions to overcome those issues are important for the exploration of the ocean. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for improving the quality of underwater images. The algorithm is composed of two components: color correction and illumination adjustment. First, we use an efficient color enhancement method to solve the color cast. Then, based on Retinex model, we make the illumination adjustment, mainly extracting the illumination map and implementing gamma correction on it successively. Experimental results show that visual performance of our method outperforms that of other methods, and processing complexity is relatively simpler.

关键词： underwater image enhancement color correction illumination adjustment visual performance processing complexity

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Early gesture recognition with adaptive window selection employing canonical correlation analysis for gaming

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2016年第16期52卷 1379-1380页

作者： El-Shazly, E. H. Abdelwahab, M. M. Shimada, A. Taniguchi, R. Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol ECE Alexandria 21934 Egypt Kyushu Univ Nishi Ku 744 Motooka Fukuoka 8190395 Japan

A new early gesture recognition system that uses different features obtained from MYO sensor is presented. The beginning part of each gesture is detected and used by the system to train the authors' recognition algorithm. To preserve the different features temporal alignment for each movement, two-dimensional (2D) principal component analysis was employed to obtain the dominant features by processing the obtained data in its 2D form. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to find a space where the projection of similar training testing pairs becomes highly correlated. Finally, the testing sequence is matched to the training set that gives maximum correlation in the new space obtained by CCA. Low processing complexity, storage requirement, accurate and fast decision obtained on the newly collected data set are factors that promotes the authors' algorithm for real-time implementation.

关键词： computer games correlation methods feature extraction gesture recognition image matching image sensors principal component analysis CCA MYO sensor adaptive window selection author recognition algorithm canonical correlation analysis for gaming early gesture recognition system feature temporal alignment gesture detection principal component analysis processing complexity real-time implementation testing pairs testing sequence

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Coreference is not always either/or: psycholinguistic evidence for near-identity

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LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014年第7期29卷 844-855页

作者： Recasens, Marta Tolchinsky, Liliana Antonia Marti, M. Univ Barcelona Dept Linguist Barcelona Spain

Coreference has been traditionally defined dichotomously as identity-of-reference or non-identity-of-reference. Here, we consider the existence of a near-identity category for referential relations that are neither coreferent nor non-coreferent. We present a three-task experiment on the interpretation of the identity relationship between the referents of noun phrases in English and in Catalan. The experiment collected the judgements and reaction times (RTs) of 70 English speakers and 34 Catalan speakers to investigate the reality of a near-identity category that undermines the traditional dichotomous approach to coreference. The results show that whereas some referential relations are classified as either identity or non-identity by the majority of participants, there is a third class of relations for which the judgements are split between identity and non-identity. This third class of relations also shows a longer RT. This evidence supports the conclusion that it does not suffice to distinguish between identity-of-reference and non-identity- of-reference, but that it is psychologically plausible to assume a middle-ground category of near-identity to include those referential relations on which participants disagree as to whether they are coreferent. In addition, the results allow to conclude that near-identity relations involve higher processing complexity. The fact that this is true for both English and Catalan points towards the cross-linguistic nature of near-identical referents.

关键词： coreference near-identity reference processing complexity

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