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Effect of processing parameters and principal ingredients on quality of sugar snap cookies: a response surface approach

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JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE 2018年第8期55卷 3127-3134页

作者： Panghal, Anil Chhikara, Navnidhi Khatkar, B. S. Lovely Profess Univ Phagwara Punjab India Guru Jambheshwar Univ Sci & Technol Dept Food Technol Hisar Haryana India

Effects of processing parameters such as creaming time, dough mixing time, cookie thickness, baking temperature, time and principal ingredients viz. sugar, fat and water on quality of sugar snap cookies were investigated using the Response Surface Methodology. Shorter mixing time (100 s) along with higher creaming time (400 s) was desirable for producing softer cookies with tender bite and higher spread factor. Cookie baked at 190 A degrees C had superior quality in terms of hardness and spread factor as compared with those baked either at lower or at higher temperature. At lower baking temperature, hardness of cookie increased as the baking time was decreased below 14 min. Hardness also increased significantly with increase in water content at all levels of sugar concentration in the formula. Optimum cookie quality was obtained with creaming time of 400 s and mixing time 100 s to make cookie dough containing 59.65% sugar, 46.68% fat and 14% water. Cookie thickness 11 mm, baking temperature 190 A degrees C and baking time of 16 min 30 s resulted in best cookies.

关键词： processing parameters Ingredients Cookie Hardness Spread factor

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Effects of processing parameters on Flow-Induced Crystallization of iPP in Microinjection Molding

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JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART B-PHYSICS 2011年第11期50卷 2227-2241页

作者： Zhang, Jie Guo, Chao Wu, Xian Liu, Fanghui Qian, Xinyuan Sichuan Univ Coll Polymer Sci & Engn State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Flow-induced crystallization has long been an important subject in polymer processing. Varying processing conditions can produce different morphologies, which lead to different properties. Recent studies have indicated that the final morphology is, in fact, dictated by the formation of crystallization structures under flow. This study deals with the influence of processing parameters on the polymorphism and crystallization orientation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in microinjection molding. Crystallinity and polymorphism were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and one-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (1D-WAXD). Crystalline orientation was characterized by two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD). Herman's orientation functions determined from the flat-plate wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns were used to evaluate the orientation level of microparts. It was found that the effect of processing parameters on the crystallinity was not obvious, but these processing parameters had a great influence on the beta-modification content of microparts. When the mold temperature was 150 degrees C, beta-modification still formed in microparts because the thermal stability of the beta-modification was enhanced with increasing the mold temperature;The beta-modification content of microparts decreased obviously when the injection time was 1 s compared to the longer injection time. However, the beta-modification content of microparts increased with increasing the injection pressure. In addition, the gamma-modification existed in the microparts at the mold temperatures of 150 and 160 degrees C. From Herman's orientation functions, we know that the influence of processing parameters on alpha-crystalline orientation in microparts was small. But the processing parameters can affect the degree of the beta-modification orientation. A shish-kebab structure was observed in some regions throughout the longitudinal sections of all the mi

关键词： isotactic polypropylene beta-modification processing parameters polymorphism crystalline orientation microinjection molding

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Correlations among processing parameters and porosity of a lightweight alumina

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2018年第12期44卷 14076-14081页

作者： Fu, Lvping Gu, Huazhi Huang, Ao Ni, Hongwei Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Refractories & Met Wuhan 430081 Hubei Peoples R China 947 Heping Ave Wuhan 430081 Hubei Peoples R China

In this study, lightweight alumina was fabricated using alpha-Al2O3 micropowder as the raw material and corn starch as a pore-forming agent. Orthogonal experiments were designed to investigate the effect of particle size, pore-forming agent addition, and sintering temperature on the density and porosity of the lightweight alumina. The experimental results were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and non-linear fitting, and the correlation between each processing parameter and property was discussed. The results indicate that the bulk density and total porosity of lightweight alumina are mainly affected by the pore-forming agent addition, while the sintering temperature is the main contributor to the apparent and closed porosity of the samples. Based on the Brook theory, dynamics analysis was performed on various samples. The difference in physical properties of various samples arose from differences in the relationship between grain boundaries and pore migration velocity. By adjusting the processing parameters, lightweight alumina with low bulk density, low apparent porosity, and high closed porosity could be obtained.

关键词： processing parameters Porosity Lightweight alumina Analysis of variance

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Effect of processing parameters on the evolution of dislocation density and sub-grain size of a 12%Cr heat resistant steel during creep at 650 °C

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND processing 2011年第3期528卷 1372-1381页

作者： Rojas, D. Garcia, J. Prat, O. Agudo, L. Carrasco, C. Sauthoff, G. Kaysser-Pyzalla, A. R. Mat & Energie GmbH Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin D-14109 Berlin Germany Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH D-40237 Dusseldorf Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Fak Maschinenbau D-44780 Bochum Germany Univ Concepcion Dept Ingn Mat Concepcion Chile

The influence of hot-deformation and tempering temperature on the microstructure evolution of a 12%Cr heat resistant steel during short-term creep at 80-250 MPa and 650 degrees C was investigated. Quantitative determination of dislocation density and sub-grain size in the initial microstructure and after creep was investigated by STEM-HAADF. A correlation between microstructure evolution and creep response is established. All crept samples showed a significant increase of sub-grain size and a reduction of dislocation density. Hot-deformed samples showed better creep strength than non hot-deformed samples due to homogenization of the microstructure. The tempering temperature affected the dislocation density and the sub-grain size evolution, influencing the creep behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Creep resistant steel Microstructure evolution STEM-HAADF Quantitative microscopy Dislocation density processing parameters

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Effects of laser processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys reinforced by TiC

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2019年第5-8期103卷 3235-3246页

作者： Li, Chonggui Sun, Shuai Zhang, Youfeng Liu, Chuanming Deng, Peiran Zeng, Ming Wang, Feifei Ma, Pan Li, Wenge Wang, You Shanghai Univ Engn Sci Sch Mat Engn Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China Southern Methodist Univ Res Ctr Adv Mfg Dallas TX 75205 USA Shanghai Maritime Univ Inst Marine Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Mat Sci Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Peoples R China

AlSi10Mg alloys reinforced by TiC particles were fabricated on 5052 aluminum alloys by laser additive manufacturing. The surface morphology, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties of the alloys fabricated with different processing parameters were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vickers hardness tester, and high-precision electronic universal testing machine. The results show that appropriate laser energy input leads to uniform distribution of TiC particles in the alloy. Fine needle-like TiC particles are precipitated from the grain boundary, which is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties of the alloy. The optimum process parameters are found to be 2500-3500 W for laser power, 600 mm/min for scanning velocity, and 2.0 mm for hatch spacing. For lower or higher laser energy input, aggregations are formed in the coatings. At the optimum processing parameters, the maximum microhardness and tensile strength of the TiC/AlSi10Mg alloys are much higher than those of others, which are 139.1 HV0.05 and 278.8 MPa, respectively. A large number of dimples have been found on the fracture surface of the alloys, which indicates the fracture mechanism of the alloy is ductile fracture.

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing TiC AlSi10Mg processing parameters Microstructure Tensile property

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Effects of processing parameters on the surface quality of wrought Ni-based superalloy by ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical grinding

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2022年第11-12期121卷 7851-7865页

作者： Ma, Yucai Yin, Yingyue Zhang, Jianhua Huo, Jinxing Shandong Univ Sch Mech Engn Key Lab High Efficiency & Clean Mech Manufacture Minist Educ China Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Mech Engn Educ Sch Mech Engn Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

Ni-based GH625 superalloy has been widely employed in the aerospace industry due to its high strength, outstanding corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. A novel hybrid processing method of ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical grinding (UAECG) can achieve a high effective removal rate for difficult-to-process materials and thereby avoid stray corrosion during the process. This study systematically investigated the electrochemical dissolution behaviors of GH625 alloy at low current density and the effects of processing parameters on its surface roughness. A qualitative model was proposed to further reveal its removal mechanism for GH625 alloy during the UAECG process. Polarization curves depicted that an efficient and stable electrochemical dissolution was achieved at an appropriate temperature (20 degrees C) and concentration (10 wt.%) of NaNO3 electrolyte. The findings also revealed that selective corrosion preferentially occurred on the grain boundary or near the NbC carbides under different current density corrosion circumstances. Compared with the ECG process, the excellent surface quality (Ra = 0.37 mu m) and taper of the small holes (taper = 0.04 +/- 0.005 degrees) are obtained at the optimized condition of a pulse voltage of 5.8 V, feed rate of 0.6 mm/min, cathode speed of 12 kr/min and drive amplitude of 60% by UAECG technology.

关键词： GH625 Ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical grinding Polarization curves processing parameters Surface roughness

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Innovative laser-aided manufacturing of patterned stamping and cutting dies: processing parameters

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MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 1998年第3期13卷 369-387页

作者： Hu, YP Chen, CW Mukherjee, K Michigan State Univ Dept Mat Sci & Mech High Energy Laser Proc Lab E Lansing MI 48824 USA

We have systematically investigated the process parameters of laser cladding CPM 10V on AISI 1045 steel substrates. Based on experimental results, we have made reasonable approximations and assumptions, developed a simple but realistic process model, relating the maximum clad thickness and various process parameters, for on-line production. The predicted results of this model are in good agreement with the experimental results. A 2.5 kW continuous-wave CO, laser, a coaxial powder feeding system, and a CAD/CAM system were used for laser cladding experiments. The microstructure of cladding layer, interface and heat-affected zone are characterized by using optical microscopy. Microhardness measurements of laser cladding samples under different treatment conditions are also carried out.

关键词： laser-aided manufacturing processing parameters patterned stamping cutting die 模具激光加工工艺参数 PRODUCTION LINE Cutting parameters Die cutting

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Experimental study of the processing parameters of polymer conductive semicrystalline polymer composites with carbon black: Optimizations and reproducibility

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JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2015年第4期28卷 574-590页

作者： Ayala Ibarrola, Jose Manue Hernandez Lopez, Susana Vigueras Santiago, Enrique Alaniz-Perez, Javier Iveth Perez-Valverde, Maritza Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico Programa Doctorado Ciencia Mat Toluca Mexico Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico Fac Quim LIDMA Toluca Mexico Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez Inst Ingn & Tecnol Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico

This work presents how the optimization of polymer conductive composites constituting the semi-crystalline polymer matrix (low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (it-PP)) and carbon black (CB) by melt-mixing process, has an important influence not only in diminishing the resistivity of the composite but also in reducing the critical concentration of CB. The experimental procedure consists of studying the influence of processing parameters such as mixing temperature, time, and speed on the electrical resistivity values. Optimal parameters are considered as those obtained with the lowest standard deviation for electrical resistivity and a reduction in resistivity in comparison with the arbitrary conditions established as preliminary or reference. The control of those parameters allows in attaining an important reduction (7%) in the critical CB concentration at threshold percolation in both the studied composites in comparison with those obtained under unfavorable conditions or even with those obtained under reference conditions.

关键词： Conductive polymer composites carbon black thermoplastic polymers processing parameters threshold percolation optimization

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Influence of the processing parameters on the Characteristics of Spherical Bacterial Cellulose

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FIBERS AND POLYMERS 2018年第2期19卷 297-306页

作者： Brandes, Ricardo de Souza, Leticia Vanin, Daniel V. F. Carminatti, Claudimir A. Oliveira, Eliana M. Antonio, Regina V. Recouvreux, Derce O. S. Univ Fed Santa Catarina Grad Program Engn & Mech Sci BR-89218035 Joinville Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Grad Program Energy & Sustainabil BR-88905120 Ararangua Brazil

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) biosynthesized under agitated conditions can produce hydrogels with spherical shapes and the processing parameters govern this formation of BC hydrogels. The variations of these parameters cause different results in the formation of spherical BC and it is relevant to evaluate these effects. Carbon source, inoculum concentration, volume of the culture medium, stirring speed and incubation temperature were the processing parameters evaluated in this work. Therefore, the results obtained were characterized in terms of dry mass production, water uptake and sphericity of the spherical BC. To do so, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed as tools for morphological and chemical evaluations. Among the parameters analyzed, the carbon source had the greatest effect on the production of dry mass and water uptake. Glycerol had the greatest growing rate, generating a higher dry mass production with spherical and homogeneous bodies with excellent water absorption indexes. Furthermore, the morphological analysis of BC revealed a typical structure, with high crystallinity index and the presence of typical functional groups. These results indicate a path for the optimized and controlled production of spherical BC, allowing it to be used in many applications, such as enzyme immobilization, water treatment, bone regeneration, spherical cancer model, as adsorption agent and drug delivery.

关键词： Spherical bacterial cellulose Agitated culture processing parameters Controlled production

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Effects of processing parameters on mechanical and thermal properties of glass mat reinforced nylon 6 composites

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JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES 2004年第8期23卷 881-892页

作者： Akkaoui, W Bayram, G Middle E Tech Univ Dept Chem Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

Nylon 6 (PA6)/Glass Mat (GM) composites and pure PA6 were prepared by compression molding technique and the effects of molding temperature, pressure application time and GM content on the final properties of the materials were investigated. At each temperature and pressure application time, the composite with one layer GM had higher tensile strength, tensile modulus but lower % elongation at break than neat PA6. processing parameters did not significantly influence the tensile behavior of the pure PA6 and PA6/GM composites. The effect of GM content showed that tensile strength and modulus increased but the % elongation at break decreased with increasing GM content. Thermal properties of the neat PA6 and the composites providing sufficient melting point temperature and crystallinity were found to be unaffected with different process temperature, pressure application time and GM content.

关键词： glass mat reinforced composites compression molding nylon 6 processing parameters tensile properties

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