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product line engineering:: The state of the practice

IEEE SOFTWARE 2003年第6期20卷 52-+页

作者： Birk, A Heller, G John, I Schmid, K von der Massen, T Müller, K Sd&m AG D-70597 Stuttgart Germany Hewlett Packard GmbH D-71034 Boblingen Germany Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn D-67661 Kaiserslautern Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Res Grp Software Construct D-52074 Aachen Germany Robert Bosch GmbH D-71701 Schwieberdingen Germany Univ Aachen D-5100 Aachen Germany

Software product lines are powerful tools for ensuring quality, economic efficiency, and manageability for software system families, but can be difficult to implement and maintain. Members from five organizations form... 详细信息

关键词： software quality software houses software reusability software maintenance product line engineering state of the practice software product lines economic efficiency software system families large industrial enterprises software-intensive systems development business models SPL technology SPL practice Systems development SGPL1 gene Software reuse software quality Business models line engineering Economic efficiency Software maintenance product lines Software product lines

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product line engineering Meets Model Based engineering in the Defense and Automotive Industries 17

Product Line Engineering Meets Model Based Engineering in th...

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21st International System and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Young, Bobbi Cheatwood, Judd Peterson, Todd Flores, Rick Clements, Paul Raytheon Integrated Def Syst Tewksbury MA 01876 USA Gen Dynam Mission Syst Fairfax VA USA Gen Motors Detroit MI USA BigLever Software Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352215

product line engineering and model based engineering are two powerful engineering approaches that each bring significant advantages to system engineering projects. This paper explores how three companies - Raytheon, General Dynamics, and General Motors - are combining these two paradigms in unique and innovative ways in very challenging application domains to achieve engineering goals of critical importance to them.

关键词： product line engineering model-based engineering feature models feature profiles variation points product configurator feature-based product line engineering PLE factory

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product line engineering on the Right Side of the "V" 17

Product Line Engineering on the Right Side of the "V"

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21st International System and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Gregg, Susan P. Albert, Denise M. Clements, Paul Lockheed Martin Bethesda MD 20817 USA BigLever Software Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352215

product line engineering (PLE) is well-known for the savings it brings to organizations. This paper shows how a very large, in-service systems and software product line is achieving PLE-based savings in their verification and validation phase of development. The paper addresses how to achieve the sharing across product variants while the products being tested are evolving over time. Additionally, we will give a pragmatic set of decision criteria to help answer the longstanding issue in PLE-based testing of whether to test on the domain side or the application (product) side of the product derivation process.

关键词： product line engineering software product lines feature modeling feature profiles bill-of-features variation points product portfolio product configurator second generation product line engineering PLE factory AEGIS Combat System

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product line engineering for NGO Projects 5

Product Line Engineering for NGO Projects

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IEEE/ACM 5th International Workshop on product line Approaches in Software engineering (PLEASE)

作者： Calefato, Fabio De Nicolo, Roberto Lanubile, Filippo Lippolis, Fabrizio Univ Bari I-70121 Bari Italy Informat Senza Frontiere Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467370615

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are often plagued by very limited human and financial resources. In this paper, we show how product line engineering (PLE) offers an opportunity to increase the sustainability of software projects that rely on the help of NGO volunteers. Building on the case of an Italian NGO that supports assistive technologies, we propose a PLE model that only depends on the branching capability of a free version control system.

关键词： Assistive technologies NGO sustainable software development product line engineering branching

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Simulating evolution in model-based product line engineering

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2010年第7期52卷 758-769页

作者： Heider, Wolfgang Froschauer, Roman Gruenbacher, Paul Rabiser, Rick Dhungana, Deepak Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Christian Doppler Lab Automated Software Engn A-4040 Linz Austria Upper Austrian Univ Appl Sci A-4600 Wels Austria Univ Limerick Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr Limerick Ireland

Context: Numerous approaches are available for modeling product lines and their variability. However, the long-term impacts of model-based development on maintenance effort and model complexity can hardly be investigated due to a lack of empirical data. Conducting empirical research in product line engineering is difficult as companies are typically reluctant to provide access to data from their product lines. Also, many benefits of product lines can be measured only in longitudinal studies, which are difficult to perform in most environments. Objective: In this paper, we thus aim to explore the benefit of simulation to investigate the evolution of model-based product lines. Method: We present a simulation approach for exploring the effects of product line evolution on model complexity and maintenance effort. Our simulation considers characteristics of product lines (e.g., size, dependencies in models) and we experiment with different evolution profiles (e.g., technical refactoring vs. placement of new products). Results: We apply the approach in a simulation experiment that uses data from real-world product lines from the domain of industrial automation systems to demonstrate its feasibility. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that simulation contributes to understanding the effects of maintenance and evolution in model-based product lines. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： product line engineering Maintenance and evolution Model-based development Simulation Industrial automation systems

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A framework for evaluating reusability of core asset in product line engineering

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2007年第7期49卷 740-760页

作者： Her, Jin Sun Kim, Ji Hyeok Oh, Sang Hun Rhew, Sung Yul Kim, Soo Dong Soongsil Univ Dept Comp Sci Seoul 156743 South Korea

product line engineering (PLE) is a new effective approach to software reuse, where applications are generated by instantiating a core asset which is a large-grained reuse unit. Hence, a core asset is a key element of PLE, and therefore the reusability of the core asset largely determines the success of PLE projects. However, current quality models to evaluate reusability do not adequately address the unique characteristics of core assets in PLE. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for evaluating the reusability of core assets. We first identify the key characteristics of core assets, and derive a set of quality attributes that characterizes the reusability of core assets. Then, we define metrics for each quality attribute and finally present practical guidelines for applying the evaluation framework in PLE projects. Using the proposed framework, the reusability of core assets can be more effectively and precisely evaluated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： reusability product line engineering quality model metric core asset

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Bidirectional migration between variability and commonality in product line engineering of smart homes

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEM ASSURANCE engineering AND MANAGEMENT 2013年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Sharma, Sugam Wong, Johnny Tim, U. Sunday Gadia, Shashi Iowa State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ames IA 50011 USA Govt USA Dept Energy Ames Lab Ames IA USA Iowa State Univ Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn Ames IA USA

The product line engineering (PLE) has proven to be the paradigm for developing diversified products and systems in shorter time, at lower cost, and higher quality. Ultimately the goal of PLE is to evolve a set of products that have both commonality and variations built into them, which allows a high degree of variability between the different products. The current trend in smart home deployment-based on commissions-guarantees a complete satisfaction for each inhabitant, as designed per resident basis. To reduce high deployment cost and to resolve the non-reusability of the resources, the product line engineering methodology can be employed in selecting or configuring the appropriate smart home technology. Within the smart homes and ambient assisted living, not only do the reusable features reduce cost, they also do not compromise with the guarantee of complete satisfaction of each resident as few senior inhabitants may impose severe constraints on the binding of few common features. In our previous work (Sharma et al., 9th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (ICOST), 2011), we propose an approach called, wrenching that claims the best resident satisfaction at the reduced deployment cost. Today seniors are fast growing population globally (http:// www. aoa. gov/agingstatsdotnet/Main_ Site/Data/2008) and the increased demand for smart homes in the near future is undeniable. Thus to provide assistance and independence to each senior resident of a smart home, reduction in time to market (Wohlin and Ahlgren, Softw Qual J 4: 189-205, 1995) of appropriate assistive smart home technology becomes an essential consideration. Long term analysis of variability binding can help to analyze that few variants are bound more often over others. Respecting the satisfaction guarantee, the highly demanded variants can be permanently migrated into commonality, advocating the reusability. The improved reusability of features (e.g., sensors) not only enhances eco

关键词： Smart home Customization Deployment product line engineering Variability Commonality Wrenching Realizing EOC TTM Smart variability model

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Structuring the modeling space and supporting evolution in software product line engineering

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2010年第7期83卷 1108-1122页

作者： Dhungana, Deepak Gruenbacher, Paul Rabiser, Rick Neumayer, Thomas Univ Limerick Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr Limerick Ireland Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Christian Doppler Lab Automated Software Engn A-4040 Linz Austria Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Syst Engn & Automat A-4040 Linz Austria

The scale and complexity of product lines means that it is practically infeasible to develop a single model of the entire system, regardless of the languages or notations used. The dynamic nature of real-world systems means that product line models need to evolve continuously to meet new customer requirements and to reflect changes of product line artifacts. To address these challenges, product line engineers need to apply different strategies for structuring the modeling space to ease the creation and maintenance of models. This paper presents an approach that aims at reducing the maintenance effort by organizing product lines as a set of interrelated model fragments defining the variability of particular parts of the system. We provide support to semi-automatically merge fragments into complete product line models. We also provide support to automatically detect inconsistencies between product line artifacts and the models representing these artifacts after changes. Furthermore, our approach supports the co-evolution of models and their respective meta-models. We discuss strategies for structuring the modeling space and show the usefulness of our approach using real-world examples from our ongoing industry collaboration. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： product line engineering Model evolution Variability modeling

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Context-dependent product line engineering with lightweight formal approaches

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 2013年第12期78卷 2331-2346页

作者： Ubayashi, Naoyasu Nakajima, Shin Hirayama, Masayuki Kyushu Univ Fukuoka 812 Japan Natl Inst Informat Tokyo Japan Nihon Univ Tokyo Japan

This paper proposes a new style of product line engineering methods. It focuses on constructing embedded systems that take into account the contexts such as the external physical environments. In current product line development projects, Feature Analysis is mainly conducted from the viewpoint of system configurations: how hardware and software components are configured to constitute a system. In most cases, contexts are not considered explicitly. As a result, unexpected and unfavorable behavior might emerge in a system if a developer does not recognize any possible conflicting combinations between the system and contexts. To deal with this problem, this paper provides the notion of a context-dependent product line, which is composed of the system and context lines. The former is obtained by analyzing a family of systems. The latter is obtained by analyzing features of contexts associated to the systems. The system and context lines contain reusable core assets. The configuration of selected system components and contexts can be formally checked at the specification level. In this paper, we show a development process that includes the creation of both product line assets as well as context assets. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： product line engineering Context analysis Formal methods

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Integrated Process Model for Systems product line engineering of Physical Protection Systems 1

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10th Annual International symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design (BMSD)

作者： Tekinerdogan, Bedir Yagiz, Sevil Ozcan, Kaan Yakin, Iskender Wageningen Univ Informat Technol Res Wageningen Netherlands Aselsan AS Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9783030523060

ISBN: (纸本)9783030523060;9783030523053

A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage, or other malevolent intruder attacks. Designing effective PPSs is not trivial and requires the consideration of multiple different concerns. Hence, several PPS methods have been proposed in the literature to design and analyze PPS s to realize the envisioned objectives. These methods have mainly considered the design of a single PPS. Yet, despite the differences, PPSs also share a common design and set of features and likewise can be developed using a systematic large scale reuse approach. product line engineering (PLE) has been used in various application domains to exploit the potential for large scale reuse, and with this reduce the time-to-market, reduce the cost, and the overall quality of the developed systems. In this paper, we first report on the results of our study to explicitly model the process for developing PPSs. Subsequently, we present the integration of the PPS method with the current PLE method. For modeling the processes, we adopt the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). The resulting method can be applied to the development of various PPSs while considering large-scale reuse.

关键词： Physical protection systems Systems engineering Business process modeling product line engineering

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