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23rd International Systems and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Ebert, Rolf Jolianis, Jahir Kriebel, Stefan Markthaler, Matthias Pruenster, Benjamin Rumpe, Bernhard Salman, Karin Samira BMW Grp Dev Elect Drive Munich Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Software Engn Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371384

The growth in electrification and digitalization of vehicles leads to increasing variability and complexity of automotive systems. This poses new challenges for verification and validation, identified in a product line Engineering case study for the electric drive system. To overcome those challenges we developed a product line testing methodology called TIGRE. In this paper, we present the TIGRE methodology. TIGRE comprises the identification and documentation of relevant data for efficient product line testing and the application of this data in the test management of an agile project environment. Furthermore, we present our experiences from the introduction into a large-scale industrial context. Based on our results from the introduction, we conclude that the TIGRE approach reduces the testing effort for automotive product lines significantly and, furthermore, allows us to transfer the results to untested products.

关键词： product line Engineering product line testing Software product lines Automotive Industry

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A Proposed Method of Machine Learning based Framework for Software product line testing 4

A Proposed Method of Machine Learning based Framework for So...

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International Conference on 4th Industrial Revolution Based Technology and Practices, ICFIRTP 2022

作者： Saini, Ashish Rajkumar Kumari, Amrita Kumar, Satender Quantum University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Roorkee India Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Haridwar India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345919

Software product line includes a series of software products which share common feature's set. Since the number of features may grow exponentially, it is not possible to test individual products of the entire product line. Since the time budget for testing is limited or even unknown a priori, the sequence of testing products is critical for effective product line testing. Regression testing is the way to test a product after making some changes in the product (for example, after a new version or product is developed). Due to the lack of resources, only a a subset of test cases is executed for testing a specific product. This leads to problems with important test cases regarding testing. Therefore, to lead the test cases, minimization and prioritization of test cases is initiated by the regression testing technique. Existing techniques usually require source code which is time-consuming and complex to execute. However, testing of complex applications often restricts access to source code. Therefore, complex applications can be tested by black-box testing. In this paper, a machine learning-based technique has been proposed to test the software product line. Fuzzy C-Means clustering has been applied to minimize the test cases and Ranked Support Vector Machine to prioritize the rest of the test cases. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy C-Means Clustering product line product line testing Software product line Engineering Support Vector Machine

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An Introductory Study on an Architecture-Based Software product line Test Generation Method

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2019年第8期29卷 1071-1089页

作者： Lee, Jihyun Chonbuk Natl Univ Dept Software Engn Jeonju 54896 South Korea

Architecture-based testing allows test engineers to focus on the structure of complicated software and the interactions between software components that constitute the architecture of a software product. By observing and controlling the connections and interactions between components of complex or large systems during software testing, architecture-based testing can detect and localize such faults at those locations. The complexity of software product line testing is high because an implementation under test contains variability given the different binding times and is used by multiple products. This paper introduces how architecture-based testing is applied to test generation for a software product line and examines the strengths of the proposed method against existing software product line testing methods. The paper also illustrates the use of product line architecture and architectural artifacts to generate product line interaction tests. It was found that architecture-based testing can be applied to software product line test generation by tailoring it to deal with variability and product-line specific processes. The results of a comparison with existing methods show that architecture-based software product line test generation provides better capabilities in terms of variability in the testing stage, the explicit formation and application of binding, test coverage, and architectural awareness.

关键词： Software product line product line testing architecture-based testing point of observation point of control and observation product line integration testing

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Combinatorial Interaction testing with Multi-perspective Feature Models

Combinatorial Interaction Testing with Multi-perspective Fea...

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6th IEEE International Conference on Software testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)

作者： Patel, Sachin Gupta, Priya Shah, Vipul Tata Consultancy Serv TCS Innovat Labs Software Engn Pune Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549934;9781479913244

testing product lines and similar software involves the important task of testing feature interactions. The challenge is to test all those feature interactions that result in testing of all variations across all dimensions of variation. In this context, we propose the use of combinatorial test generation, with Multi-Perspective Feature Models (MPFM) as the input model MPFMs are a set of feature models created to achieve Separation of Concerns within the model. We believe that the MPFM is useful as an input model for combinatorial testing and it is easy to create and understand. This approach helps achieve a better coverage of variability in the product line. Results from an experiment on a real-life case show that up to 37% of the test effort could be reduced and up to 79% defects from the live system could be detected.

关键词： Combinatorial testing Feature models product line testing Separation of concerns feature interaction testing

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product Sampling for product lines: The Scalability Challenge 19

Product Sampling for Product Lines: The Scalability Challeng...

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23rd International Systems and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Pett, Tobias Thuem, Thomas Runge, Tobias Krieter, Sebastian Lochau, Malte Schaefer, Ina TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Univ Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371384

Quality assurance for product lines is often infeasible for each product separately. Instead, only a subset of all products (i.e., a sample) is considered during testing such that at least the coverage of certain feature interactions is guaranteed. While pair-wise interaction sampling only covers all interactions between two features, its generalization to t-wise interaction sampling ensures coverage for all interactions among t features. However, sampling large product lines poses a challenge, as today's algorithms tend to run out of memory, do not terminate, or produce samples, which are too large to be tested. To initiate a community effort, we provide a set of large real-world feature models with up-to 19 thousand features, which are supposed to be sampled. The performance of sampling approaches is evaluated based on the CPU time and memory consumed to retrieve a sample, the sample size for a given coverage (i.e. the value of t) and whether the sample achieves full t-wise coverage. A well-performing sampling algorithm achieves full t-wise coverage, while minimizing the other properties as best as possible.

关键词： software product lines product line testing product sampling real-world feature models

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Search-based product line fault detection allocating test cases iteratively 17

Search-based product line fault detection allocating test ca...

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21st International System and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Markiegi, Urtzi Arrieta, Aitor Sagardui, Goiuria Etxeberria, Leire Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate Mondragon Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352215

The large number of possible configurations makes it unfeasible to test every single system variant in a product line. Consequently, a small subset of the product line products must be selected, typically following combinatorial interaction testing approaches. Recently, many product line engineering approaches have considered the selection and prioritization of relevant products within the product line. In a further step, these products are thoroughly tested individually. However, the test cases that must be executed in each of the products are not always insignificant, and in systems such as Cyber-Physical System product lines (CPSPLs), their test execution time can vary from tens to thousands of seconds. This issue leads to spending a lot of time testing each individual product. To solve this problem we propose a search-based approach to perform the testing of product lines by allocating small number of test cases in each of the products. This approach increases the probability of detecting faults faster. Specifically, our search-based approach obtains a set of products, which are derived from using any state-of-the-art approach as inputs, and a set of a attributed test cases. As an output a list of allocated test cases for each product is obtained. We also define a novel fitness function to guide the search and we propose corresponding crossover and mutation operators. The search and test process is iteratively repeated until the time budget is consumed. We performed an evaluation with a CPSPL as a case study. Results suggest that our approach can reduce the fault detection time by 61% and 65% on average when compared with the traditional test process and the Random Search algorithm respectively.

关键词： product line testing Search-based software Engineering Fault Detection

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Feature Interaction testing of Variability Intensive Systems

Feature Interaction Testing of Variability Intensive Systems

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4th International Workshop on product line Approaches in Software Engineering (PLEASE)

作者： Patel, Sachin Gupta, Priya Shah, Vipul Tata Consultancy Serv TCS Innovat Labs Software Engn Pune Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364492

testing variability intensive systems is a formidable task due to the combinatorial explosion of feature interactions that result from all variations. We developed and validated an approach of combinatorial test generation using Multi-Perspective Feature Models (MPFM). MPFMs are a set of feature models created to achieve Separation of Concerns within the model. This approach improves test coverage of variability. Results from an experiment on a real-life case show that up to 37% of the test effort could be reduced and up to 79% defects from the live system could be detected. We discuss the learning from this experiment and further research potential in testing variability intensive systems.

关键词： variability modeling feature models product line testing separation of concerns feature interaction testing combinatorial testing

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Test optimisation for Highly-Configurable Cyber-Physical Systems 17

Test optimisation for Highly-Configurable Cyber-Physical Sys...

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21st International System and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Markiegi, Urtzi Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate Mondragon Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351195

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have become one of the core-enabling technologies for multiple domains, such as manufacturing, healthcare, energy and transportation. Furthermore, these domains are demanding CPS to be highly-configurable in order to respond to multiple and changing market requirements. testing these Highly Configurable Cyber-Physical Systems (HCCPS) is challenging. First, when working with CPSs, considerable time is required in order to tackle physical processes during testing. And secondly, in highly configurable systems, a large number of system variants need to be tested. Consequently, reducing HCCPS testing time is essential. In this context, a research work is presented to reduce the overall testing time of HCCPS, focusing on a merged strategy of product and test cases optimisation. In particular, two approaches are proposed in order to achieve the testing time reduction. The first approach aims to reduce the HCCPS testing time by an iterative allocation of products and test cases. The second approach aims to reduce the HCCPS testing time by a feedback driven dynamic and iterative allocation of products and test cases. A preliminary experiment has been undertaken to test the iterative allocation approach. In this experiment, products to be tested are selected and prioritised. Next, multiple testing iterations are perform until the time-budget is consumed. In each iteration a small number of test cases are allocated for each of the products to be tested. The experiment was evaluated with an academic HCCPS and preliminary results suggest that the proposed approach reduces the fault detection time when compared with traditional approaches.

关键词： Software Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems Highly-Configurable Systems product line testing Fault Detection Search-Based Software Engineering

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Test case selection using structural coverage in software product lines for time-budget constrained scenarios 19

Test case selection using structural coverage in software pr...

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34th ACM/SIGAPP Annual International Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC)

作者： Markiegi, Urtzi Arrieta, Aitor Etxeberria, Leire Sagardui, Goiuria Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate Mondragon Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359337

testing product lines is a challenging activity due to the large number of products to be tested. Many approaches focus on reducing the time for testing a product line by reducing the number of products to be tested, by employing, for instance, combinatorial approaches. However, even if the number of derived products by a combinatorial approach is limited, testing can still be time consuming. In this paper, we propose three different test case selection methods that consider a given time budget to test product lines in an efficient manner using structural coverage information. We analyze the three methods with three white-box coverage criteria (i.e., Decision Coverage, Condition Coverage and Modified Condition/Decision Coverage). We evaluate the different approaches with a case study from the automotive domain and mutation testing. The results suggest that considering coverage information at the domain engineering level helps on detecting more faults, particularly when time budgets are low.

关键词： product line testing Test Case Selection Structural Coverage

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Many-objective Search-based Selection of Software product line Test products with Nautilus 20

Many-objective Search-based Selection of Software Product Li...

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24th ACM Systems and Software product line Conference (SPLC)

作者： Ferreira, Thiago Nascimento Vergilio, Silvia Regina Kessentini, Mauroane Univ Michigan Dearborn MI 48128 USA Univ Fed Parana DInf Curitiba Parana Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375702

The Variability testing of Software product lines (VTSPL) concerns the selection of the most representative products to be tested according to specific goals. Works in the literature use a great variety of objectives and distinct algorithms. However, they neither address all the objectives at the same time nor offer an automatic tool to support this task. To this end, this work introduces Nautilus/VTSPL, a tool to address the VTSPL problem, created by instantiating Nautilus Framework. Nautilus/VTSPL allows the tester to experiment and configure different objectives and categories of many-objective algorithms. The tool also offers support to visualization of the generated solutions, easing the decision-making process.

关键词： product line testing sbse many-objective algorithms

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