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Are Procedures codes in Claims Data a Reliable Indicator of Intraoperative Splenic Injury Compared with Clinical Registry Data?

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2014年第2期219卷 237-U207页

作者： Stey, Anne M. Ko, Clifford Y. Hall, Bruce Lee Louie, Rachel Lawson, Elise H. Gibbons, Melinda M. Zingmond, David S. Russell, Marcia M. Mt Sinai Med Ctr Icahn Sch Med New York NY 10029 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Los Angeles CA 90024 USA VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst Los Angeles CA USA Amer Coll Surg Chicago IL USA Washington Univ St Louis VA Med Ctr Dept Surg Olin Business Sch St Louis MO USA Washington Univ St Louis VA Med Ctr Ctr Hlth Policy St Louis MO USA BJC Healthcare St Louis St Louis MO USA

BACKGROUND: Identifying iatrogenic injuries using existing data sources is important for improved transparency in the occurrence of intraoperative events. There is evidence that procedure codes are reliably recorded in claims data. The objective of this study was to assess whether concurrent splenic procedure codes in patients undergoing colectomy procedures are reliably coded in claims data as compared with clinical registry data. STUDY DESIGN: Patients who underwent colectomy procedures in the absence of neoplastic diagnosis codes were identified from American College of Surgeons (ACS) NSQIP data linked with Medicare inpatient claims data file (2005 to 2008). A kappa statistic was used to assess coding concordance between ACS NSQIP and Medicare inpatient claims, with ACS NSQIP serving as the reference standard. RESULTS: A total of 11,367 colectomy patients were identified from 212 hospitals. There were 114 patients (1%) who had a concurrent splenic procedure code recorded in either ACS NSQIP or Medicare inpatient claims. There were 7 patients who had a splenic injury diagnosis code recorded in either data source. Agreement of splenic procedure codes between the data sources was substantial (kappa statistic 0.72;95% CI, 0.64-0.79). Medicare inpatient claims identified 81% of the splenic procedure codes recorded in ACS NSQIP, and 99% of the patients without a splenic procedure code. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to use Medicare claims data to identify splenic injuries occurring during colectomy procedures, as claims data have moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity for capturing concurrent splenic procedure codes compared with ACS NSQIP. (C) 2014 by the American College of Surgeons

关键词： Inpatients Medicare Colectomy program code DIAGNOSTIC code Spleen codes medical registries Data sources

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Antifungal efficiency assessment of the TiO₂ coating on facade paints

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2014年第19期21卷 11228-11237页

作者： Vucetic, Snezana B. Rudic, Ognjen Lj. Markov, Sinisa L. Bera, Oskar J. Vidakovic, Ana M. Skapin, Andrijana S. Sever Ranogajec, Jonjaua G. Univ Novi Sad Fac Technol Novi Sad 21000 Serbia Slovenian Natl Bldg & Civil Engn Inst Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

The work studies the photocatalytic activity and the antifungal efficiency of the TiO2/Zn-Al coatings placed on the target commercial facade paints. The photocatalytic active nanocomposite based on TiO2 and Zn-Al-layered double hydroxides (ZnAl-LDHs) was synthesized by a wet impregnation technique with 3 % w/w TiO2. The freshly prepared suspension was applied by spray technique on the surfaces of the white facade paints. The goal of the work was to develop a method that quickly quantifies the antifungal activity of the commercial facade paints with and without biocidal components covered with a photocatalytic coating. The essence of the proposed method is the monitoring of the fungal growth (artificial ageing conditions) and the quantification of its development (UV-A 0.13 mWcm(-2)) on the facade paint surfaces. A special fungus nutrient (potato dextrose agar (PDA)) was inoculated with the spores of the Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275, and the test samples (facade paints with and without photocatalytic coating) were placed on the inoculated nutrient in the petri dishes. The images of the fungal growth on the samples of the facade paints, during a period of 5 days, were imported into Matlab R2012a where they were converted to binary images (BW), based on the adequate threshold. The percentage of the surface coverage was calculated by applying the specifically written program code which determines the ratio of the black and white pixels. The black pixels correspond to the surface covered with hyphae and mycelia of the fungus.

关键词： Antifungal efficiency Photocatalytic coating Coating durability Porous substrates Facade paints program code

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Impact of Hepatectomy Surgical Complexity on Outcomes and Hospital Quality Rankings

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ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2014年第6期21卷 1773-1780页

作者： Paruch, Jennifer L. Merkow, Ryan P. Bentrem, David J. Ko, Clifford Y. Posner, Mitchell C. Cohen, Mark E. Bilimoria, Karl Y. Weber, Sharon M. Amer Coll Surg Div Res & Optimal Patient Care Chicago IL 60611 USA Univ Chicago Dept Surg Pritzker Sch Med Chicago IL 60637 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Surg Surg Outcomes & Qual Improvement Ctr Feinberg Sch Med Chicago IL 60611 USA Northwestern Univ Northwestern Inst Comparat Effectiveness Res Onco Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr Chicago IL 60611 USA Jesse Brown VA Med Ctr Dept Surg Chicago IL USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Surg Los Angeles CA 90024 USA VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst Los Angeles CA USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Surg Sch Med & Publ Hlth Madison WI USA

There is substantial variation in the surgical complexity of hepatectomy. Currently, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement program (ACS NSQIP) risk adjusts for hospital quality comparisons using only the primary procedure code. Our objectives were to (1) assess the association between secondary procedures and complications;(2) assess model performance with inclusion of surgical complexity adjustment;and (3) examine whether secondary procedures affect hospital quality rankings. Using ACS NSQIP (2007-2012), patients undergoing hepatectomy were identified. Secondary procedure codes and total work relative value units (RVUs) were used to approximate procedural complexity. The effect of procedural complexity variables on outcomes and hospital quality rankings were examined using hierarchical models. Among 11,826 patients who underwent hepatectomy at 261 hospitals, 32.8 % underwent at least one secondary procedure. Serious morbidity occurred in 18.0 % of patients. Seven of nine secondary procedures were significantly associated with death or serious morbidity on multivariable analysis. Model performance improved when secondary procedure categories were included, and secondary procedure categories outperformed total RVUs. The C-statistic for death or serious morbidity was 0.689 in the standard NSQIP model, 0.703 when total RVU was included, and 0.718 when secondary procedure categories were included. Of the 26 hospitals that were poor performers for death or serious morbidity using the standard ACS NSQIP model, three became average performers when secondary procedure categories were included in the model. Secondary procedures are associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Inclusion of secondary procedure code categories in research and risk prediction models should be considered for hepatectomy.

关键词： program code Death Category Hepatectomy hospital

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Applications methods of the objects, and suitability for universal applications in computer graphics context

Applications methods of the objects, and suitability for uni...

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37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO)

作者： Zeqiri, Nderim State Univ Tetova Fac Sci Appl Tetovo 1200 Macedonia

ISBN: (纸本)9789532330816

The use of the primitive objects, can be modified and adapted for universal applications in computer graphics context. The present paper addresses some access and research in the field of computer graphics. The program code present the basics step to increase the study and to explore differently level by describing each of them by math formulas and graphical representations. Also, here is explained the methods how we can use all these recourses to implement to any system, where can be find the better solution in the context of universal applications and solutions. So, to solve all from above questions, are given some characteristics objects and program code for respective representations. Also is given a direct approach for ADC (analog-digital conversion), by use the fundamental steps followed by this topics: sampling rate, quantization. Also is given statistical results by creating the respective images and respective view in the context of the statistical analyses.

关键词： Computer graphics motion adaptations program code generation ADC converter samples

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Quantitatively Exploring Non-code Software Artifacts 14

Quantitatively Exploring Non-code Software Artifacts

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14th Annual International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC)

作者： Bigliardi, Luca Lanza, Michele Bacchelli, Alberto D'Ambros, Marco Mocci, Andrea Univ Lugano Fac Informat Lugano Switzerland Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781479971978

Most software engineering research focuses its analyses on source code, because correct, well designed, and efficient program code is the desired end output of software development. Nevertheless, source code is not the only constituent of software systems: programs also comprise other types of artifacts, such as documentation, build system and configuration files, and graphics. These non-code artifacts only recently got the attention of researchers and are not yet investigated as a whole, but separately and with very specific aims. By taking a quantitative perspective, we look into non-code software artifacts to measure their role in software systems. We analyze 35 mature open-source software systems and we address exploratory questions such as: How many non-code software artifacts do software systems contain? How do they relate to source code? How much effort is put into producing and maintaining them? Our results show that a significant portion of systems is made of non-code artifacts, and that programmers spend a relevant part of their effort on non-code artifacts during the development process. Our analysis opens questions for future investigations.

关键词： public domain software software engineering source code (software) system documentation build system configuration files documentation noncode artifacts noncode software artifacts open-source software systems program code software development software engineering research source code Correlation Java Kernel Linux Servers Software systems empirical study mining software repositories non-code artifacts Software systems Source code open source software program code computer software program and system documentation Software design Artifacts Software engineering Servers Linux Documentation Java Java programming language configuration file

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Finding dispatcher gadgets for jump oriented programming code reuse attacks

Finding dispatcher gadgets for jump oriented programming cod...

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8th IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI)

作者： Erdodi, L. Obuda Univ Fac John von Neumann Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364003;9781467363976

One of the most dangerous forms of the memory manipulation based attacks is the code reuse based attack type. In this type of attack the malwares do not need to place own malicious code in the memory space, they use the already linked code to achieve the aim. The present study discusses a critical part of the jump oriented programming which is nowadays the most up-to-date memory manipulation attack type. The controlling element of the jump oriented attacks is the so-called dispatcher gadget which controls the creation of the malicious code from the available legitimate code patches. The use of the dispatcher gadgets has already been introduced on 32bit Linux systems but generally the search algorithm and the classification are still open questions. This study presents the dispatcher gadgets and their characteristics found in the basic dll files of the windows 32 bit system and in the 64 bit Linux libc files.

关键词： Software reuse Spyware gadgets Dispatchers jump memory space program code critical parts SEARCHING ALGORITHM Oriented

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The Concept of Software-Based Techniques of Increasing Immunity of Microprocessor Unit to Electromagnetic Disturbances

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20th International Conference on Computer Networks (CN)

作者： Kwiecien, Andrzej Mackowski, Michal Skoroniak, Krzysztof Silesian Tech Univ Inst Comp Sci PL-44100 Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642388651

The essential feature of modern IT systems, related to a device reliability, is their immunity to electromagnetic disturbances. The paper deals with the software-based techniques used for detecting disturbances, which can appear during the microcontroller work. The use of presented techniques allows the system to response appropriately to the threat.

关键词： software prevention embedded software program code microcontroller EMC conducted emission electromagnetic disturbances electromagnetic interference measurements immunity

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Data Security in Microprocessor Units

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20th International Conference on Computer Networks (CN)

作者： Kwiecien, Andrzej Mackowski, Michal Sidzina, Marcin Silesian Tech Univ Inst Comp Sci Gliwice Poland Univ Bielsko Biala Dept Mech Engn Fundamentals Bielsko Biala Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642388651

Protection of computer systems from an unauthorized access to the classified information is a very essential issue. Security of IT systems can concern various aspects, such as software security, connected with ensuring its confidentiality, as well as preventing its modification. Thanks to the developed methods, it is possible to analyze the program code based on the disturbances of voltage supply, which occur during the execution of the program. Moreover, it also enables to recognize the numbers of bits changes on microcontroller data bus, as a result of realized instruction. In such context, it can constitute a potential threat for data processed by microcontroller program or embedded systems. The presented method is very similar to simple power analysis method, which is very effective in relation to cryptographic algorithms, whose execution in many cases depends on processed data. The results indicate that presented method is an effective and low-cost attack, due to its simplicity in many real applications. Moreover, the research results inspire to study carefully the ways and methodology for developing software and hardware, which should reduce the possibility of software reverse engineering.

关键词： reverse engineering data security program code microcontroller conducted emission electromagnetic disturbances electromagnetic interference simple power analysis

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code Generator for Distributed Parameter Biological Model Simulation with PDE Numerical Schemes

Code Generator for Distributed Parameter Biological Model Si...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Florencio Rusty Punzalan Yoshiharu Yamashita Masanari Kawabata Takao Shimayoshi Hiroaki Kuwabara Yoshitoshi Kunieda Akira Amano Department of Bioinformatics Ritsumeikan Univerisity Department of Informatics Ritsumeikan Univerisity ASTEM RI

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702150

The physiological simulation at the tissue and organ level typically involves the handling of partial differential equations (PDEs). Boundary conditions and in cases like pharmacokinetics, distributed parameters add to the complexity of the PDE solution. These factors make most PDE solutions and their corresponding program codes tailored for specific problems. We propose a general approach for handling PDEs in computational models using a replacement scheme for discretization. This method allows for the handling of the different PDE types. The replacement scheme involves substituting all the partial differential terms with the numerical solution equations. Once the model equations are discretized with the numerical solution scheme, instances of the equations are generated to undergo dependency analysis. The result of the dependency analysis is then used to determine the simulation loop structure and generate the program code.

关键词： program code distributed parameter code generation Biological Models Handling (Psychology) Scheme simulating Computational modeling Solutions Equation

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Transient Response Analysis of the Monopole Antenna Illuminated by an External EMP Source

Transient Response Analysis of the Monopole Antenna Illumina...

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2013 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Microwave,Antenna,Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications

作者： Qifeng Liu Xiaonan Zhao Jingwei Liu Science and Technology on EMC Laboratory China ship development and design center Huazhong University of Science & Technology 1037 Luoyu Road

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360760

Investigation on time-domain responses of the monopole in the presence of an in intentional electromagnetic pulses(EMP) is carried out in this conference *** efficient hybrid numerical method based on FDTD method combined with the thin-wire model using subcellular extension is implanted for studying an EMP coupling with some typical monopole antennas widely used in the communication *** developed program code is used to capture the responses of the monopole *** transient response characteristics of the antenna illuminated by different incident EMPs are shown and compared in *** results are useful for further evaluating electromagnetic environment and electromagnetic protection of some complex communication.

关键词： Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) monopole antenn transient response FDTD TRANSIENT RESPONSE Monopole antennas electromagnetic pulses Response analysis TIME DOMAIN RESPONSE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Conference Papers program code MONOPOLES

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