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14th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU)

作者： Kyriakou, Christina Gogoulou, Agoritsa Grigoriadou, Maria Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Informat & Telecommun Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9789897585623

Recent research attempts to figure out the hard points of Computer Science (CS) discipline curricula that seem to trouble students. The presented work focuses on assessing first-year CS students' knowledge on issues related to fundamental computer architecture concerning main memory organization, operation, and role on program execution. Formulating questions based on Kintsch's text comprehension model theory is a promising diagnostic tool to identify students' conceptions and misconceptions. The paper discusses the Kintsch model as the basis for formulating meaningful questions, analyzes students' answers, and attempts to categorize and explain the revealed misconceptions. The emerging misconceptions may be helpful for effective learning design and appropriate educational material.

关键词： Introductory Computer Science Courses Data Storing and Manipulation Main Memory program execution Kintsch's Construction-integration Text-comprehension Model Conceptions Misconceptions

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Non-intrusive debugging using the JTAG interface of FPGA-based prototypes

Non-intrusive debugging using the JTAG interface of FPGA-bas...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics

作者： de la Torre, E García, M Riesgo, T Torroja, Y Uceda, J Univ Politecn Madrid ETSI Ind Div Ing Elect E-28006 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0780373693

The IEEE Std. 1149.1, also known as JTAG.. defines a serial interface to access test-dedicated logic embedded in integrated circuits, although it is being also used as an FPGA programming interface. This paper makes an analysis of the possibilities of reusing this infrastructure in debugging applications implemented in FPGAs while in the prototype validation phase, with emphasis on non-intrusive methods. Commercially available FPGAs may offer from basic JTAG implementations, to complex ones. Depending on these features, the paper discusses different methods for monitoring, tracing. debugging and profiling the execution of programs running on a microprocessor. Some of these methods require ad-hoc modules to be inserted, like embedded in-circuit emulators or trace-capable blocks. A tool is presented that demonstrates the possibility of automatically inserting and connecting debug-oriented blocks. and controlling them through the JTAG interface. Application examples are provided.. showing the results of the use of the tool with some industrial and academic microprocessor system implementations.

关键词： field programmable gate arrays FPGA programming int embedded test-dedicated logic serial interface IEEE Std. 1149.1 FPGA-based prototypes JTAG interface nonintrusive debugging system monitoring program debugging programming IEEE standards Debugging serial I/O Field programmable gate arrays system monitoring IEEE Standards program execution

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Outsourcing Private RAM Computation 55

Outsourcing Private RAM Computation

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55th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)

作者： Gentry, Craig Halevi, Shai Raykova, Mariana Wichs, Daniel IBM Res TJ Watson Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA SRI Int Menlo Pk CA USA Northeastern Univ Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479965175

We construct the first schemes that allow a client to privately outsource arbitrary program executions to a remote server while ensuring that: (I) the client's work is small and essentially independent of the complexity of the computation being outsourced, and (II) the server's work is only proportional to the run-time of the computation on a random access machine (RAM), rather than its potentially much larger circuit size. Furthermore, our solutions are non-interactive and have the structure of reusable garbled RAM programs, addressing an open question of Lu and Ostrovsky (Eurocrypt 2013). We also construct schemes for an augmented variant of the above scenario, where the client can initially outsource a large private and persistent database to the server, and later outsource arbitrary program executions with read/ write access to this database. Our solutions are built from non-reusable garbled RAM in conjunction with new types of reusable garbled circuits that are more efficient than prior solutions but only satisfy weaker security. For the basic setting without a persistent database, we can instantiate the required type of reusable garbled circuits from indistinguishability obfuscation or from functional encryption for circuits as a black-box. For the more complex setting with a persistent database, we can instantiate the required type of reusable garbled circuits using stronger notions of obfuscation. Our basic solution also requires the client to perform a one-time preprocessing step to garble a program at the cost of its RAM run-time, and we can avoid this cost using stronger notions of obfuscation. It remains an open problem to instantiate these new types of reusable garbled circuits under weaker assumptions, possibly avoiding obfuscation altogether. We show several simple extensions of our results and techniques to achieve: efficiency proportional to the input-specific RAM run-time, verifiability of outsourced RAM computation, functional encryption for RAMs,

关键词： Complexity theory Databases Outsourcing Protocols Random access memory Security Servers obfuscation reusable garbled RAM reusable garbled circuits random access machine outsourcing Servers CCDC26 gene FAM103A1 gene Database Complexity theory program execution Clients customers protocols Electric circuits Reusable Runtime Security

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Constructing program Management Framework A System of Systems Approach

Constructing Program Management Framework <i>A System of Sys...

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4th IEEE International Systems Conference

作者： Rai, Veerendra K. Swaminathan, N. Tata Consultancy Serv Syst Res Lab 54 BHadapsar Ind Estate Pune 411013 Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458837

programs are aimed at achieving long term objectives that create value to stakeholders. They consist of a portfolio of projects, each of which aims at achieving specific sub- goals. A program emerges as a system of systems (SoS) when these projects are connected in a systemic way to accomplish program objectives. This entails that programs have an architecture that defines how the various projects interact to accomplish the overall objectives. Current program management approaches, however, largely treat programs as a collection of projects that are managed operationally to optimize outcomes at each level, rather than as a system to be architected. This paper develops a systemic architecture for programs in terms of three interconnected facets: value realization, program construction and program execution, and highlights the role of program worldview in this. Each of these facets brings out some aspects of the way in which projects relate to each other within a program. We propose an iterative framework in which models are developed for addressing each facet, but there is also an overall structure of activity and information flows that facilitates interplay and co- evolution of the models. The result is a holistic approach to managing programs as a system of systems, at a level over and above project management.

关键词： program management program construction program execution value realization

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Understanding the "this" reference in object oriented programming: Misconceptions, conceptions, and teaching recommendations

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2021年第1期26卷 733-762页

作者： Shmallo, Ronit Ragonis, Noa Shamoon Coll Engn Dept Ind Engn & Management Ashdod Israel Beit Berl Coll Fac Educ Dept Comp Sci Kefar Sava Israel

The paper presents research that aims to expose students' understanding of thethisreference in object-oriented programming. The study was conducted with high school students (N = 86) and college engineering students (N = 77). Conceptualization ofthisreflects an understanding of objects in general and involves aspects of programming variants and programmers' preferences as well. To examine students' conceptions, perceptions, and misconceptions we developed a diagnostic tool that usesthisin various contexts, such as in constructors, as a visible parameter, for calling an overloaded constructor in class, or while transiting a non-static method usingthisto a static one. The detailed analysis revealed difficulties, in both groups of participants, in conceptualizing the meaning ofthisas the current object and in its various uses in the code. The discussion presents students' conceptions of "what isthis", nine misconceptions that we characterized, and answers to our research questions. The conclusion offers recommendations for teaching and learning processes in light of the results obtained.

关键词： Computer science education Object-oriented programming thisreference program execution Memory management Abstraction

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Comparing Trace Visualizations for program Comprehension through Controlled Experiments 23

Comparing Trace Visualizations for Program Comprehension thr...

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IEEE 23rd International Conference on program Comprehension ICPC

作者： Fittkau, Florian Finke, Santje Hasselbring, Wilhelm Waller, Jan Univ Kiel Software Engn Grp Kiel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467381598

For efficient and effective program comprehension, it is essential to provide software engineers with appropriate visualizations of the program's execution traces. Empirical studies, such as controlled experiments, are required to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed visualization techniques. We present controlled experiments to compare the trace visualization tools EXTRAVIS and ExplorViz in typical program comprehension tasks. We replicate the first controlled experiment with a second one targeting a differently sized software system. In addition to a thorough analysis of the strategies chosen by the participants, we report on common challenges comparing trace visualization techniques. Besides our own replication of the first experiment, we provide a package containing all our experimental data to facilitate the verifiability, reproducibility and further extensibility of our presented results. Although subjects spent similar time on program comprehension tasks with both tools for a small-sized system, analyzing a larger software system resulted in a significant efficiency advantage of 28 percent less time spent by using ExplorViz. Concerning the effectiveness (correct solutions for program comprehension tasks), we observed a significant improvement of correctness for both object system sizes of 39 and 61 percent with ExplorViz.

关键词： Controlled Experiment program Comprehension Software Visualization Trace Visualization Reverse engineering Control Groups Visualization Software systems program execution

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WCET-Centric Dynamic Instruction Cache Locking

WCET-Centric Dynamic Instruction Cache Locking

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE)

作者： Ding, Huping Liang, Yun Mitra, Tulika Natl Univ Singapore Sch Comp Singapore 117548 Singapore Peking Univ Sch EECS Ctr Energy Efficient Comp & Applicat Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783981537024

Cache locking is an effective technique to improve timing predictability in real-time systems. In static cache locking, the locked memory blocks remain unchanged throughout the program execution. Thus static locking may not be effective for large programs where multiple memory blocks are competing for few cache lines available for locking. In comparison, dynamic cache locking overcomes cache space limitation through time-multiplexing of locked memory blocks. Prior dynamic locking technique partitions the program into regions and takes independent locking decisions for each region. We propose a flexible loop-based dynamic cache locking approach. We not only select the memory blocks to be locked but also the locking points (e.g., loop level). We judiciously allow memory blocks from the same loop to be locked at different program points for WCET improvement. We design a constraint-based approach that incorporates a global view to decide on the number of locking slots at each loop entry point and then select the memory blocks to be locked for each loop. Experimental evaluation shows that our dynamic cache locking approach achieves substantial improvement of WCET compared to prior techniques.

关键词： cache storage real-time systems WCET-centric dynamic instruction cache locking cache lines constraint-based approach flexible loop-based dynamic cache locking approach independent locking decisions locked memory blocks locking points loop entry point multiple memory blocks program execution program points real-time systems time-multiplexing timing predictability worst-case execution time Abstracts Benchmark testing Educational institutions Electronic mail Nickel Resilience Timing

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Partial State Monitoring for Fault Detection Estimation

Partial State Monitoring for Fault Detection Estimation

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International Test Conference (ITC)

作者： Shi, Yiwen Kaewtip, Kantapon Hu, Wan-Chan Dworak, Jennifer Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 USA MStar Semicond Hsinchu Taiwan Southern Methodist Univ Dallas TX 75205 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701528

Obtaining fault coverage information for functional input sequences is often very difficult. Although many simulation-based techniques have been proposed, they are generally computationally expensive, and if the input sequence changes, new expensive simulations must be run. In this paper, we propose a new type of hardware monitor for the probabilistic determination of how many times a fault was likely to have been covered during functional test or program execution. In addition to providing coverage information for functional test sequences-even those that have never been simulated-these monitors can also be used to determine the relative criticality of faults for the applications a user is running in real time. Thus, in the future, this method has the potential to provide new dynamic optimization capabilities for on-chip field testing.

关键词： Circuit faults Clocks Fault detection Fault diagnosis Hardware Integrated circuit modeling Monitoring fault coverage information fault detection estimation fault diagnosis fault probability functional test sequence hardware monitor integrated circuit testing on-chip field testing partial state monitoring probability program execution

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Overview and Benchmarks of Pragmatic Debugging Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

Overview and Benchmarks of Pragmatic Debugging Techniques fo...

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21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)

作者： Brzozowski, Marcin Langendoerfer, Peter IHP D-15236 Frankfurt Oder Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789532900439

Debugging of sensor nodes is tiresome and time-consuming, mainly because of limited debug features of nodes and complex interactions in sensor networks. Besides, each software level (hardware drivers, communication protocols, applications) needs a different approach to trace bugs. This paper surveys practical techniques that support bug tracing on nodes at various levels. Bugs may disappear when the program is being tested, for debugging results in extra processing delays. In this paper, we attack this problem by performing a set of micro-benchmarks for common debug techniques. We show their impact on the execution time and also their memory footprint. Based on our experience, we claim assertions to be the most effective debug technique for sensor networks. They result in negligible delays, less than a microsecond, making them suitable for any software level: from hardware drivers to applications. Further, since assertions stop the program execution just after detecting a failure, they narrow down the root cause of the problem. Finally, assertions support bug tracing in PC simulations and on real sensor nodes.

关键词： Debugging hardware driver ROOT CAUSES Ganglia debugger bugs Wireless sensor networks execution time program execution Sensor networks Bugs

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Uniformity of environment and computation in MAP

Uniformity of environment and computation in MAP

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages

作者： Freeman, E Gelernter, D Jagannathan, S YALE UNIV DEPT COMP SCINEW HAVENCT 06520

ISBN: (纸本)081867508X

Visual programming languages use graphics to visualize and aid in the understanding of programs. We describe the graphical techniques used in the MAP environment to visualize the workspace, data, programs and program executions. Meta information is one approach to supplementing the basic functionality provided in the visual programming environment. We introduce meta-commands, commands to control visual characteristics of program objects, and describe the MAP meta-commands for color, folding, render and transparency. We show how these meta-commands can be used to affect graphical representation of programs and their executions and as a way to optimize the recording of program executions, and present examples of how a programmer can use these techniques to build, execute and analyze programs.

关键词： program execution Uniformity Environments Computer personnel graphic images Visual programming languages metainformation Transparency

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