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36th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation

作者： Carbonneaux, Quentin Hoffmann, Jan Shao, Zhong Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

This paper presents a new approach for automatically deriving worst-case resource bounds for C programs. The described technique combines ideas from amortized analysis and abstract interpretation in a unified framework to address four challenges for state-of-the-art techniques: compositionality, user interaction, generation of proof certificates, and scalability. Compositionality is achieved by incorporating the potential method of amortized analysis. It enables the derivation of global whole-program bounds with local derivation rules by naturally tracking size changes of variables in sequenced loops and function calls. The resource consumption of functions is described abstractly and a function call can be analyzed without access to the function body. User interaction is supported with a new mechanism that clearly separates qualitative and quantitative verification. A user can guide the analysis to derive complex non-linear bounds by using auxiliary variables and assertions. The assertions are separately proved using established qualitative techniques such as abstract interpretation or Hoare logic. Proof certificates are automatically generated from the local derivation rules. A soundness proof of the derivation system with respect to a formal cost semantics guarantees the validity of the certificates. Scalability is attained by an efficient reduction of bound inference to a linear optimization problem that can be solved by off-the-shelf LP solvers. The analysis framework is implemented in the publicly-available tool (CB)-B-4. An experimental evaluation demonstrates the advantages of the new technique with a comparison of (CB)-B-4 with existing tools on challenging micro benchmarks and the analysis of more than 2900 lines of C code from the cBench benchmark suite.

关键词： Verification Reliability Quantitative Verification Resource Bound Analysis Static Analysis Amortized Analysis LP Solving program logic

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A Calculus of Chaos in Stochastic Compilation Engineering in the Cause of Mathematics 3rd

A Calculus of Chaos in Stochastic Compilation Engineering in...

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3rd World Congress on Formal Methods (FM)

作者： Breuer, Peter T. Pickin, Simon J. Hecusys LLC Atlanta GA 31126 USA Univ Complutense Madrid Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030549961;9783030549978

An unexpected outcome from an open project to develop a 'chaotic' compiler for ANSI C is described here: a trace information entropy calculus for stochastically compiled programs. A stochastic compiler produces randomly different object codes every time it is applied to the same source code. This calculus quantifies the entropy introduced into run-time program traces by a compiler that aims for the maximal possible entropy, furnishing a definition and proof of security for encrypted computing (Turing-complete computation in which data remains in encrypted form throughout), where the status was formerly unknown.

关键词： Computer security Encrypted computing program logic

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Design and Fabrication of an Intuitive Leg Assist Device to address Lower Extremity Weakness

Design and Fabrication of an Intuitive Leg Assist Device to ...

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IEEE 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC)

作者： Shah, B. McNally, D. Patel, K. Frone, S. Sutaria, S. Coll New Jersey Ewing NJ 08628 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848266

The Intuitive Leg Assist Device (I-LAD) is designed to address a demographic of people with lower extremity weakness. It optimizes cost, weight, and functionality, and provides the power and support needed to perform natural ambulation. The design mimics the human gait cycle by coupling the actuation of the knee and hip via a dual four-bar linkage system modified from a crank rocker system, with a 12.8% and 14.1% error in the hip and knee movement, respectively. The patient supports the device using an over the shoulder harness and modified work belt, both connected to an acrylic plate. The plate serves as the mounting for the motor, planetary gear system, and electrical components that drive the linkage system. The linkage system is connected to a knee brace and ankle foot orthosis that minimizes the effect of foot drop. The design implements feedback and safety by incorporating four sensor inputs-two force sensors beneath the feet and two goniometers on the hips-and a microprocessor, which controls motor actuation. The program logic ensures that the device shuts down upon unintended user movement, minimizing safety hazards.

关键词： Couplings Gears Hip Knee Leg Legged locomotion acrylic plate ankle foot orthosis bone brushless DC motor brushless DC motors crank rocker system device design dual four-bar linkage system electrical components force sensors force sensors gait analysis goniometers goniometers handicapped aids hip actuation human gait cycle intuitive leg assist device knee actuation knee brace linkage system lower extremity weakness medical control systems microactuators microcontroller microcontrollers microprocessor modified work belt motor actuation control orthotics patient rehabilitation planetary gear system program logic prosthetics rehabilitative devices safety severe debilitating condition shoulder harness

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Verifying Read-Copy-Update in a logic for Weak Memory 15

Verifying Read-Copy-Update in a Logic for Weak Memory

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36th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation

作者： Tassarotti, Joseph Dreyer, Derek Vafeiadis, Viktor Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA MPI SWS Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

Read-Copy-Update (RCU) is a technique for letting multiple readers safely access a data structure while a writer concurrently modifies it. It is used heavily in the Linux kernel in situations where fast reads are important and writes are infrequent. Optimized implementations rely only on the weaker memory orderings provided by modern hardware, avoiding the need for expensive synchronization instructions (such as memory barriers) as much as possible. Using GPS, a recently developed program logic for the C/C++11 memory model, we verify an implementation of RCU for a singly-linked list assuming "release-acquire" semantics. Although release-acquire synchronization is stronger than what is required by real RCU implementations, it is nonetheless significantly weaker than the assumption of sequential consistency made in prior work on RCU verification. Ours is the first formal proof of correctness for an implementation of RCU under a weak memory model.

关键词： Languages Theory Verification Concurrency Weak memory models C/C plus RCU program logic Separation logic

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Effective Evaluation Strategies to Meet Global Accreditation Requirements

Effective Evaluation Strategies to Meet Global Accreditation...

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41st Annual Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

作者： Brodie, Lyn Bullen, Frank Jolly, Lesley Univ Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia Univ Southern Queensland Fac Engn & Surveying Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia Bigpond Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781612844695

With the ongoing internationalisation of the engineering profession there is an ever increasing need for universities to provide robust evaluation of the quality of their undergraduate degree programs and to benchmark that quality internationally. It is important that the claims made of course evaluation and renewal, during the evaluation-accreditation process, can be substantiated and the tenuous connection between course evaluation and international acceptance as a professional engineer, be strengthened. There are a variety of methods used to evaluate courses and programs including student questionnaires, final grades, progression-retention data, and graduate attribute and competency mapping. The authors compared typical examples of such approaches to study the robustness of the link between the data collected and the evaluative judgments. It was found that there is a great deal of inference involved in the process and that the causative link between curriculum design and pedagogy, and skills and attributes, is often tenuous. Some of these approaches should not be taken as final evaluation outcomes, but rather inputs to a larger overarching evaluation strategy. It was concluded that a "program logic" approach such as that used by the University of Wisconsin, Extension, program Development and Evaluation Model offers a superior approach for capturing and assessing the causal connections between local evaluation and international accreditation.

关键词： accreditation course and program evaluation program logic

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Poster Abstract: BUFS: Towards Bottom-Up Foundational Security for Software in the Internet-of-Things 1

Poster Abstract: BUFS: Towards Bottom-Up Foundational Securi...

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1st IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC)

作者： Tan, Jiaqi Gandhi, Rajeev Narasimhan, Priya Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509033225

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing phenomenon. While IoT-enabled objects can provide rich features that can improve users' lives, security failures can lead to severe consequences, particularly in safety-critical domains such as medical devices and automobiles. In this poster abstract, we propose BUFS, a bottom-up and foundational approach for verifying the security of the software stack in an IoT system, to provide guarantees for how the software is secure. BUFS is a secure-by-construction approach that verifies that IoT software is secure in a bottom-up and foundational way. The BUFS approach provides tools for aiding and automating parts of the software development and verification process for programmers, and is intended for safety-critical domains, where high-assurance is required. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Internet-of-Things program logic Software security Software verification

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Healthiness from Duality 16

Healthiness from Duality

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31st Annual ACM-IEEE Symposium on logic in Computer Science (LICS)

作者： Hino, Wataru Kobayashi, Hiroki Hasuo, Ichiro Jacobs, Bart Univ Tokyo Tokyo 1138654 Japan Radboud Univ Nijmegen NL-6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343916

Healthiness is a good old question in program logics that dates back to Dijkstra. It asks for an intrinsic characterization of those predicate transformers which arise as the (backward) interpretation of a certain class of programs. There are several results known for healthiness conditions: for deterministic programs, nondeterministic ones, probabilistic ones, etc. Building upon our previous works on so-called state-and-effect triangles, we contribute a unified categorical framework for investigating healthiness conditions. This framework is based on a dual adjunction induced by a dualizing object and on our notion of relative Eilenberg-Moore algebra. The latter notion seems interesting in its own right in the context of monads, Lawvere theories and enriched categories.

关键词： program logic category theory duality

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Boosting the Software Quality of Parallel programming Using logical Means 15th

Boosting the Software Quality of Parallel Programming Using ...

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15th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)

作者： El-Zawawy, Mohamed A. Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ IMSIU Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh Saudi Arabia Cairo Univ Fac Sci Dept Math Giza 12613 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9783319214139;9783319214122

Parallel programming can be realized as a main tool to improve performance. A main model for programming parallel machines is the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) model of parallelism. This paper presents an axiomatic semantics for SIMD programs. This semantics is useful for designating and attesting partial correctness properties for SIMD programs and is a generalization of the separation's logical system (designed for sequential programs). The second contribution of this paper is an operational framework to conventionally define the semantics of SIMD programs. This framework has two sets of inference rules;for running a program on a single machine and for running a program on many machines concurrently. A detailed correctness proof for the presented logical system is presented using the proposed operational semantics. Also the paper presents a detailed example of a specification derivation in the proposed logical system.

关键词： Concurrent separation logic (CSL) program logic program verification Concurrency Soundness Distributed programs Semantics of programming languages Operational semantics

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The importance of program evaluation: How can it be applied to diverse genetics education settings?

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Journal of Genetic Counseling 2008年第2期17卷 170-179页

作者： Metcalfe, Sylvia A. Aitken, MaryAnne Gaff, Clara L. Genetics Education and Health Research Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC 3052 Flemington Road Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Genetic Health Services Victoria Melbourne VIC Australia

The role of a genetic counselor often entails providing education to patient, community and/or health professional groups. While counseling supervision assists genetic counselors to be reflective about their clinical work and to enhance clinical skills, evaluation is a rather analogous process in the provision of education. program evaluation of education activities can be applied to provide information about the needs of the target group (needs assessment), the delivery of the program (process evaluation) as well as determining the extent to which the education activity has met its intended aims (summative evaluation). Evaluation assists the educator to assess the impact of their program and provides an evidence base about genetics education. Although program evaluation can be a complex activity, the tools are ones that can be used by individuals to evaluate single or simple education activities. The components of evaluation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling practice and three very different examples of actual evaluations are provided to illustrate the diversity of evaluation strategy and programs to which it can be applied. © 2008 National Society of Genetic Counselors, Inc.

关键词： Community genetics education Genetic counselors Genetics education Health professional genetics education Needs assessment program evaluation program logic

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Refactoring Sequence Diagrams for Code Generation in UML Models 3

Refactoring Sequence Diagrams for Code Generation in UML Mod...

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3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

作者： Chitra, M. T. Sherly, Elizabeth IIITM K Trivandrum Kerala India Univ Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 695034 Kerala India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930807

The UML Sequence Diagram along with Model Driven Architecture in software development helps to model the time constraint behavior that enhances the legibility of the structure and behavior of a system. The Object Constraint Language (OCL) helps to convey additional constraints and invariants required, but OCL confines into an expression language. The lack of program logic and flow of control limit these models to generate codes and also for proper verifications. This paper concentrates on refactoring XMI of Sequence diagram, an XML Meta data Interchange, with OCL constraints to build a framework for automatic code generation. The proposed model is tested in a coal mill of a Thermal Power Plant, a highly complex time constrained system. The source code generated from the refactored XMI is able to generate the set of coal mill parameters that matches to the real plant data results.

关键词： Unified Modeling Language XML constraint handling program compilers program verification software architecture software maintenance specification languages OCL constraints Object Constraint Language UML models UML sequence diagram XMI XML meta data interchange automatic code generation coal mill control limit flow expression language model driven architecture program logic sequence diagrams refactoring software development system behavior thermal power plant time constraint behavior verifications Coal Computational modeling Object oriented modeling Power generation Software Unified modeling language

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