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33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (ACM SAC)

作者： Belmonte, Javier Dugerdil, Philippe eKlore Srl Rue Voltaire 12 CH-1201 Geneva Switzerland Geneva Sch Business Adm HES SO Rue Tambourine 17 CH-1227 Carouge Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351911

No maintenance activity can be performed without understanding at least the part of the program that needs to be modified. Therefore, considering its cost, helping developers to understand programs is a must. Consequently, our research aims at building a business-related model of the program semantics, which is grounded in Perkinsfi research in psychology. After a short reminder of our model, whose performance in helping developers to understand programs has been presented elsewhere, this paper presents the automatic instantiation of the model. This rests on the ontology technology as well as on an innovative dynamic analysis technique. We present a use case to evaluate the performance of our technique.

关键词： program understanding reverse engineering ontology dynamic analysis

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program understanding and maintenance with the CANTO environment

Program understanding and maintenance with the CANTO environ...

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International Conference on Software Maintenance

作者： Antoniol, G Fiutem, R Lutteri, G Tonella, P Zanfei, S Merlo, E IRST Povo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)081868013X

During maintenance activities, the availability of integrated conceptual views that present software at different levels of abstraction, from software architecture to control and data flow relations at code level, is fundamental to understand and modify legacy systems. This paper presents CANTO, a comprehensive program understanding and maintenance environment which integrates fine grained information with architectural views extracted from source code, giving the user control on what is being computed by analyses. The capabilities and usefulness of CANTO are illustrated with reference to a real understanding and maintenance task.

关键词： software tools reverse engineering software maintenance program control structures data flow analysis CANTO program understanding software maintenance integrated conceptual views abstraction levels software architecture program control data flow relations legacy systems fine grained information architectural views source code Code and Architecture Analysis Tool

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program understanding using program slivers - An experience report

Program understanding using program slivers - An experience ...

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International Conference on Software Maintenance

作者： Gupta, A Weyerhaeuser Flint River Operations Oglethorpe United States

ISBN: (纸本)081868013X

A large amount of legacy software is written in languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. Hard-copy and inline documentation for this software is often inadequate to perform maintenance or re-implementation. These tasks are further hampered by legacy structures and programming style such as the use of ''goto''. This paper describes our experience using simple pattern matching tools to obtain ''slivers'' from legacy Process Information Systems. These slivers provided information that assisted in recovering program design. These slivers also helped in identifying segments which could cause problems with two-digit year fields at the turn of the century.

关键词： reverse engineering software maintenance FORTRAN COBOL system documentation software reusability program control structures pattern matching software tools information systems data integrity program understanding program slivers legacy software FORTRAN COBOL hard-copy documentation inline documentation software maintenance software re-implementation programming style goto pattern matching tools legacy process information systems program design recovery two-digit year fields Year 2000 problem

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CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE-BASED program understanding - THE ALPUSS APPROACH

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 1995年第9期E78D卷 1108-1117页

作者： UENO, H Tokyo Denki Univ Saitama-ken Japan

The background concepts and methodologies of the knowledge-based program understander ALPUS is discussed. ALPUS understands user's buggy Pascal programs using four kinds of programming knowledge: the knowledge on algorithms, programming techniques, the Pascal language, and logical bugs. The knowledge on algorithms, the key knowledge, is a form of hierarchical data structure called Procedure Graph (HPG). In HPG each node represents a chunk of operations called ''process,'' which is consisted of sub-processes. The other knowledge is maintained as independent knowledge bases and linked to associated processes of the HPG. The knowledge about bugs acquired by cognitive experiment is grouped into three categories: bugs on algorithms, programming techniques, and the Pascal language, and connected to associated elements of programming knowledge respectively. ALPUS tries to understand user's buggy programs, detects logical bugs, infers user's intentions, and gives advices for fixing bugs. program understanding is achieved by three steps: normalization, variable identification, and process and technique identification. Normalization results in improving flexibility of understanding. Variable, process and technique identifications are achieved by knowledge-based pattern matching. Intentions are inferred by means of information attached to buggy patterns. The result of comprehension is reported to a user (i.e., student). Experimental results using Quicksort programs written by students show that the HPG formalism is quite powerful in understanding algorithm-oriented programs. The ALPUS's way of program comprehension is useful in the situation of programming education in an intermediate class of an engineering school. The ALPUS system is a subsystem of the intelligent programming environment INTELLITUTOR for learning programming, which was implemented in the frame-based knowledge engineering environment ZERO on a UNIX workstation.

关键词： program understanding KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM programMING KNOWLEDGE INTELLIGENT programMING ENVIRONMENT programMING EDUCATION

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Using fuzzy reasoning to support automated program understanding

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2000年第1期10卷 115-137页

作者： Burnstein, I Saner, F IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA Goshen Coll Dept Comp Sci Goshen IN 46526 USA

In this paper we describe how fuzzy reasoning can assist an automated program understanding/fault localization tool with program understanding tasks. We are developing such a tool called BUG-DOCTOR, which is based on a blackboard framework. A fuzzy reasoner is proposed as a component for one of its knowledge sources, the Plan Processor. The Plan Processor retrieves a set of program plans from a plan library using indices called signatures. These plans are candidates for matching against the code we are trying to understand. The fuzzy reasoner will support the Plan Processor with the task of ranking the retrieved plans in order of similarity to the target code. The most highly ranked plan can then be used for the complex plan/code matching required for automated program understanding. Experiments with a fuzzy reasoning prototype are promising, and we believe that this approach to plan processing may eliminate the need for exhaustive plan library searches. The success of the fuzzy reasoning approach could lead to automated program understanders that scale up fur use on large software systems from a variety of problem domains.

关键词： program understanding automated reasoning reverse software engineering fuzzy reasoning

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Use-case driven method of architecture recovery for program understanding and reuse reengineering

Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Maintenan...

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Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, CSMR 2000年 23-31页

作者： Bojic, Dragan Velasevic, Dusan Univ of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

This work focuses on architectural recovery for program understanding and reuse reengineering of legacy object-oriented systems. The proposed method is based on dynamic analysis of the system for the selected test cases that cover relevant use cases. The theory of formal concept analysis is applied to decompose the logical hierarchy of subsystems, so that parts of the system which implement similar functionality are grouped together.

关键词： Software engineering Computer software reusability Computer software selection and evaluation Legacy systems Object oriented programming Reverse engineering Legacy object oriented systems program understanding Reuse reengineering

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Abstracting Runtime Heaps for program understanding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2013年第6期39卷 774-786页

作者： Marron, Mark Sanchez, Cesar Su, Zhendong Fahndrich, Manuel Imdea Software Inst Fac Informat Madrid 28660 Spain Univ Calif Davis Dept Comp Sci Davis CA 95616 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

Modern programming environments provide extensive support for inspecting, analyzing, and testing programs based on the algorithmic structure of a program. Unfortunately, support for inspecting and understanding runtime data structures during execution is typically much more limited. This paper provides a general purpose technique for abstracting and summarizing entire runtime heaps. We describe the abstract heap model and the associated algorithms for transforming a concrete heap dump into the corresponding abstract model as well as algorithms for merging, comparing, and computing changes between abstract models. The abstract model is designed to emphasize high-level concepts about heap-based data structures, such as shape and size, as well as relationships between heap structures, such as sharing and connectivity. We demonstrate the utility and computational tractability of the abstract heap model by building a memory profiler. We use this tool to identify, pinpoint, and correct sources of memory bloat for programs from DaCapo.

关键词： Heap structure runtime analysis memory profiling program understanding

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PROUST - KNOWLEDGE-BASED program understanding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1985年第3期11卷 267-275页

作者： JOHNSON, WL SOLOWAY, E Department of Computer Science Yale University

PROUST is a program that performs online analysis and understands PASCAL written by novice programmers. PROUST receives as input a program and a nonalgorithmic description of the program requirements; it then determines the most likely mapping between the requirements and the code. Essentially, this mapping is a reconstruction of the design and implementation process that the programmer experienced in writing the program. A knowledge base of programming plans and strategies, combined with common bugs associated with them, is employed in the construction of this mapping. Bugs are found in the process of relating plans to the code; PROUST can thus provide in-depth explanations of program bugs by relating the buggy code to its basic intentions. It is concluded that PROUST is the minimum requirement for understanding buggy and correct programs.

关键词： program understanding Artificial Inteiligence program Debugging programmer Training

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Augmenting Code with In Situ Visualizations to Aid program understanding 18

Augmenting Code with In Situ Visualizations to Aid Program U...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Hoffswell, Jane Satyanarayan, Arvind Heer, Jeffrey Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356206

programmers must draw explicit connections between their code and runtime state to properly assess the correctness of their programs. However, debugging tools often decouple the program state from the source code and require explicitly invoked views to bridge the rift between program editing and program understanding. To unobtrusively reveal runtime behavior during both normal execution and debugging, we contribute techniques for visualizing program variables directly within the source code, We describe a design space and placement criteria for embedded visualizations. We evaluate our in situ visualizations in an editor for the Vega visualization grammar. Compared to a baseline development environment, novice Vega users improve their overall task grade by about 2. points when using the in situ visualizations and exhibit significant positive effects on their self-reported speed and accuracy.

关键词： Visualization Code augmentation program behavior program understanding Debugging

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JTourBus: Simplifying program understanding by documentation that provides tours through the source code

JTourBus: Simplifying program understanding by documentation...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance

作者： Oezbek, Christopher Prechelt, Lutz Free Univ Berlin Inst Informat D-14195 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412556

Many small and medium-sized systems have little or no design documentation, which makes program understanding during maintenance enormously more difficult when performed by outsiders. Thus, if only minimal design documentation is available, which form should it take to maximize its usefulness? We suggest that it is helpful if the documentation describes a tour through the source code, leading the user directly to relevant details. This work reports an evaluation of this conceptual idea in the form of a controlled experiment with 59 student subjects working on a difficult program understanding task in the context of the 27 KLOC JHotDraw graphics framework. One group received a plain text documentation, the other received tour-structured documentation which they navigated by using an Eclipse plugin called JTourBus that we constructed for the experiment. The results indicate that program understanding can be achieved somewhat faster (albeit not more correctly) with JTourBus than with a plain text document.

关键词： program understanding design documentation delocalized concern

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