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Are the UML modelling tools powerful enough for practitioners? A literature review

IET SOFTWARE 2019年第5期13卷 338-354页

作者： Ozkaya, Mert Yeditepe Univ Dept Comp Engn Istanbul Turkey

Unified Modelling Language (UML) is essentially a de-facto standard for software modeling and supported with many modeling tools. In this study, 58 UML tools have been analysed for modelling viewpoints, analysis, transformation & export, collaboration, tool integration, scripting, project management, and knowledge management. The analysis results reveal important findings: (i) 11 UML tools support multiple viewpoints, (ii) 17 tools support large-viewpoint management, (iii) Umple and Reactive Blocks support formal verification, (iv) 9 tools support the simulation of activity diagrams, (v) while 14 tools check pre-defined well-formedness rules, 8 of them support user-defined rules, (vi) 16 tools support scripting, (vii) 29 tools support code-generation and 18 of them support round-trip engineering, (viii) Java is the top popular language, (ix) 38 tools export UML models as image, 32 tools export as HTML, and 32 tools export as XML/XMI, (x) 17 tools enable versioning and 13 of them support multi-user access, (xi) 15 tools support the plug-in extensions and 12 tools support the IDE integration, (xii) 6 tools support project management, and (xiii) while most tools provide user-manuals, interactive guidance is rarely supported. The results will be helpful for practitioners in choosing the right tool(s) and the tool developers in determining the weaknesses/strengths.

关键词： XML Unified Modeling Language program compilers Java software tools formal verification UML modelling tools Unified Modelling Language modelling software systems modelling tasks 58 UML tools modelling viewpoints tool integration 11 UML tools 17 tools viewpoint management 6 tools support project management tool developers code generation UML models

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Synthesis of hardware models in C with pointers and complex data structures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2001年第6期9卷 743-756页

作者： Séméria, L Sato, K De Micheli, G Clearwater Networks Inc Los Gatos CA 95023 USA Stanford Univ Comp Syst Lab Stanford CA 95305 USA

One of the greatest challenges in a C/C++-based design methodology is efficiently mapping C/C++ models into hardware. Many networking and multimedia applications implemented in hardware or mixed hardware/software systems now use complex data structures stored in multiple memories, so many C/C+ + features that were originally designed for software applications are now making their way into hardware. Such features include dynamic memory allocation and pointers for managing data. We present a solution for efficiently mapping arbitrary C code with pointers and malloc/free into hardware. Our solution, which fits current memory management methodologies, instantiates an application -specific hardware memory allocator coupled with a memory architecture. Our work also supports the resolution of pointers without restriction on the data structures. We present an implementation based on the SUIF framework along with case studies such as the realization of a video filter and an ATM segmentation engine.

关键词： computer architecture computer language design automation memory management program compilers

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Rational metaprogramming

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2008年第1期25卷 78-79页

作者： Spinellis, Diomidis Univ Athens Dept Management Sci & Technol GR-10679 Athens Greece

Metaprogramming, using programs to manipulate other programs, is as old as programming. From self-modifying machine code in early computers to expressions involving partially applied functions in modern functional-programming languages, metaprogramming is an essential part of an advanced programmer\'\'s arsenal. Everyday metaprogramming involves on-the-fly code production. Representative examples include dynamically generated SQL statements and code created for evaluation at runtime in interpreted languages. Metaprogramming also occurs in programs that spew out HTML or XML. Although we can\'\'t classify these markup languages as code, their rich syntactic structure qualifies their generation as metaprogramming. Unfortunately, we commonly produce code on the fly by simply pasting together character strings. This means that it\'\'s difficult to verify essential properties of the generated code - such as validity, correctness, and safety - at compile time.

关键词： SQL object-oriented programming program compilers program verification software tools HTML SQL statements XML code generation functional-programming languages rational metaprogramming self-modifying machine code functional programmin compilers object oriented programming Codes extensible markup language HyperText Markup Language SQL symbolic languages Software Tools program verification Code generation

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A nanopass framework for compiler education

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JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL programMING 2005年第5期15卷 653-667页

作者： Sarkar, D Waddell, O Dybvig, RK Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Indiana Univ Bloomington IN 47405 USA

A compiler structured as a small number of monolithic passes is difficult to understand and difficult to maintain. The steep learning curve is daunting, and even experienced developers find that modifying existing passes is difficult and often introduces subtle and tenacious bugs. These problems are especially frustrating when the developer is a student in a compiler class. An attractive alternative is to structure a compiler as a collection of many fine-grained passes, each of which performs a single task. This structure aligns the implementation of a compiler with its logical organization, simplifying development, testing, and debugging. This paper describes the methodology and tools comprising a framework for constructing such compilers.

关键词： program compilers

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Modelling of real-time constraints using SOL for embedded systems design

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COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2002年第4期13卷 189-196页

作者： Alkhodre, A Babau, JP Schwarz, JJ Inst Natl Sci Appl Lab L3I F-69621 Villeurbanne France

The use of SDL has arisen as a promising way of dealing with the increasing complexity of embedded real-time systems. However, SDL does not take into account non-functional aspects, such as the time requirements, that are especially important in the context of real-time systems. Furthermore, the associated code generators do not integrate the management of temporal constraints. A real-time semantic extension to SDL for real-time systems modelling is proposed. The real time profile is added to SDL in order to prepare the real-time code generation. To illustrate the proposal, an example of a speed regulator is presented.

关键词： compilers, interpreters and other processors formal specification real-time profile velocity control program compilers temporal constraint management Specification and Description Language speed regulator specification languages embedded systems Velocity, acceleration and rotation control real-time systems nonfunctional aspects constraint theory real-time constraint modelling time requirements Formal methods SDL Control engineering computing real-time semantic extension real-time code generation computerised control embedded systems design code generators modelling

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CORRECTNESS OF TRANSFORMATIONS ON REGISTER TRANSFERS

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programMING 1992年第2期19卷 153-169页

作者： JONGEJAN, JH UNIV GRONINGEN DEPT MATH & COMP SCI9700 AV GRONINGENNETHERLANDS

Common subexpression elimination (CSE) is a well-known method for code optimization in compilers. A key issue is the correctness of the program transformations performed. There are different versions of CSE but, to our knowledge, correctness proofs have not yet been published. The present paper contains a derivation of a version of CSE accompanied by a correctness proof based on the denotational semantics of the generated code.

关键词： program compilers

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PORTING ADA - A REPORT FROM THE FIELD

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COMPUTER 1994年第10期27卷 58-&页

作者： SKAZINSKI, JG Magnavox Electron. Syst. Co. Fort Wayne IN

Software engineering is running at full speed to keep up with the ever-changing world of hardware. Hardware advances are introduced almost every 18 months, providing faster and better equipped machines. Given that software projects often take considerably longer than 18 months, the advent of new hardware means porting existing applications to new platforms. Magnavox Electronics Systems Company had nearly completed the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System software project when the military decided that a faster platform was required. The original target platform, an HP 9000/400 computer with 64 Mbytes of memory, would be replaced with the HP RISC computer running with 128 Mbytes of memory and a newer version of the HP Unix operating system. To add to the porting complexity, the project team would also port the AFATDS software to Intel 486 computers running SCO (Santa Cruz Operation) Unix. Software engineering literature tends to view language and software architecture as key porting issues at the expense of practical issues such as tool performance and reliability. Even with a tool to determine system dependencies,the porting task is complicated by the uncertain availability and reliability of the tools used on the new platform. This article takes a look at the practical problems involved in porting an Ada/C application to new platforms. The major areas of effort included porting the system software to the new Unix platforms, handling the 32-bit offset requirements of both new Unix platforms, and negotiating the little-endian byte-ordering differences of the Intel/SCO Unix platform. The author describes the techniques used to negotiate the system dependencies that complicated the porting effort. With the numerous operating systems available, the constant barrage of new operating system releases, and the continual hardware advancements, the need to port software applications is evident. The success of any porting effort depends on the maturation and reliabili

关键词： AFATDS porting effort Ada Ada compiler Ada tools Ada/C application C language Department of Defense HP RISC platform InteVSCO Unix platform operating systems porting program compilers software applications software architecture software portability

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A lightweight generic compiler for authenticated key exchange from non-interactive key exchange with auxiliary input

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International Journal of Network Security 2016年第6期18卷 1109-1121页

作者： Yang, Zheng Liu, Chao Liu, Wanping Luo, Song Long, Hua Li, Shuangqing School of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing400054 China College of Computer Science Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

We introduce a new lightweight generic compiler that is able to transform any passively forward secure two- message key exchange (KE) protocols into authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols with security in the presence of active adversaries who can reveal critical session specific information such as long-term or ephemeral secrets and can establish malicious parties. The compiler is built based on a new security notion regarding non- interactive key exchange with auxiliary input (NIKEA). The NIKEA is able to provide two security properties on the confidentiality and the unforgeability of shared key. Our new compiler is a very useful tool for the design of new AKE protocols in a modular and effcient way, that is suitable for resources constrained devices.

关键词： program compilers

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Automatic code generation using unified modeling language activity and sequence models

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IET SOFTWARE 2016年第6期10卷 164-172页

作者： Viswanathan, Sunitha Edacheril Samuel, Philip Cochin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Kochi Kerala India Cochin Univ Sci & Technol SOE Div Informat Technol Kochi Kerala India

A fully automatic translation of unified modeling language (UML) models to complete source code is not reported so far because some implementation details will not be there in the model, or a single UML model is not enough for complete code generation, or some model elements may not be directly convertible to source code. These issues are addressed in this study. The authors take workflow modelling and automation as the focus of their research. Hence, UML activity diagram is considered. Activity diagram alone cannot give the implementation details like object interactions. A formal association is found between activity and sequence diagrams to add object interaction details to the work flow. Moreover, the authors formulate an algorithm, Am_To_Prototype, which is composed of two subroutines named Method_Body & Excecution_Logic, to generate code from the combined model of activity and sequence diagrams consisting of concurrent activities. The authors compare the proposed method with other research outcomes with respect to workflow automation, support for concurrency, etc. The proposed algorithms are able to generate class definition, method definition and control flow. A case study is presented that demonstrates the algorithm, to generate Java code for the ATM operation.

关键词： program compilers Unified Modeling Language source code (software) concurrency (computers) workflow management software Java automatic teller machines subroutines automatic code generation sequence models UML dynamic models fully automatic translation source code workflow modelling workflow automation UML activity diagram sequence diagrams object interaction Am_To_Prototype subroutines Method_Body Excecution_Logic concurrent activities model transformation engine model driven architecture class definition method definition control flow Java code ATM operation

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REAL-TIME SCHEDULABILITY-ANALYZABLE MECHANISMS IN ADA9X

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1994年第1期82卷 95-107页

作者： STOYENKO, AD BAKER, TP FLORIDA STATE UNIV DEPT COMP SCITALLAHASSEEFL 32306

The paradigm of computing defined by real-time applications places significant requirements on programming languages, among them 1) interfacing to hardware devices;2) maintainability, portability, reliability, and safety;3) fault tolerance, and nonstop operation;4) concurrency;and 5) achieving correct timing predictably (and the consequent pal amount schedulability analyzability requirement). We trace how these requirements affect various mechanisms of a typical programming language. Ada9X-a new emerging standard for Ada-is then illustrated as an example of a serious attempt to address these requirements in a programming language standard. While Ada9X is far from perfect, it is a significant step, and we ar e hopeful for the trend of schedulability analyzable languages to gain momentum and continue.

关键词： Ada Ada9X concurrency fault tolerance hardware devices maintainability nonstop operation portability program compilers programming languages real-time schedulability-analyzable mechanisms real-time systems reliability safely scheduling timing predictably

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